The role of lasers in reading a compact disc has to be explained. Concept introduction: When light of certain wavelength falls on ruby crystal (aluminum oxide contains small amount of chromium(III) ions), the chromium ions undergo transition from level one to level three . Most of Cr 3+ ions in level three undergo radiation less transition to level two by losing energy in form of heat than emitting photons. Level two has much greater lifetime which leads to accumulation of Cr 3+ ions in level three. When these accumulated ions emit all at same time an intense emission will occur. The wavelength of photon from emitted ion and original photon are same. Now there are two photons one original photon and another by stimulated emission. Finally there is increase in intensity of light at this wavelength.
The role of lasers in reading a compact disc has to be explained. Concept introduction: When light of certain wavelength falls on ruby crystal (aluminum oxide contains small amount of chromium(III) ions), the chromium ions undergo transition from level one to level three . Most of Cr 3+ ions in level three undergo radiation less transition to level two by losing energy in form of heat than emitting photons. Level two has much greater lifetime which leads to accumulation of Cr 3+ ions in level three. When these accumulated ions emit all at same time an intense emission will occur. The wavelength of photon from emitted ion and original photon are same. Now there are two photons one original photon and another by stimulated emission. Finally there is increase in intensity of light at this wavelength.
Solution Summary: The author explains the role of lasers in reading a compact disc.
The role of lasers in reading a compact disc has to be explained.
Concept introduction:
When light of certain wavelength falls on ruby crystal (aluminum oxide contains small amount of chromium(III) ions), the chromium ions undergo transition from level one to level three . Most of Cr3+ ions in level three undergo radiation less transition to level two by losing energy in form of heat than emitting photons. Level two has much greater lifetime which leads to accumulation of Cr3+ ions in level three. When these accumulated ions emit all at same time an intense emission will occur. The wavelength of photon from emitted ion and original photon are same. Now there are two photons one original photon and another by stimulated emission. Finally there is increase in intensity of light at this wavelength.
These are in the wrong boxes. Why does the one on the left have a lower molar mass than the one on the right?
SYNTHESIS REACTIONS. For the following reactions, synthesize the given products from the given reactants.
Multiple reactions/steps will be needed. For the one of the steps (ie reactions) in each synthesis, write out the
mechanism for that reaction and draw an energy diagram showing the correct number of hills and valleys for
that step's mechanism.
CI
b.
a.
Use acetylene (ethyne)
and any alkyl halide as
your starting materials
Br
C.
d.
"OH
OH
III.
OH
Calculate the pH and the pOH of each of the following solutions at 25 °C for which the substances ionize completely:
(a) 0.200 M HCl
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Author:Steven D. Gammon, Ebbing, Darrell Ebbing, Steven D., Darrell; Gammon, Darrell Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon, Darrell D.; Gammon, Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon; Darrell
Author:Steven D. Gammon, Ebbing, Darrell Ebbing, Steven D., Darrell; Gammon, Darrell Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon, Darrell D.; Gammon, Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon; Darrell