It is to be explained why the equilibrium percentage of the first given molecule in its keto form is lower than that of the second given molecule, referring to Table 7-1. Concept introduction: In aqueous basic or acidic conditions, ketones and aldehydes exist in rapid equilibrium with a rearranged form called enol form. As a ketone or aldehyde, the species is called the keto form. In the enol form, the species has a carbon atom that is simultaneously a part of a C = C bond, which is a characteristic of alkenes , and is bonded to OH , which is a characteristic of alcohol. These two forms are always in equilibrium with each other, and this is called keto-enol tautomerization. For cyclic aldehydes and ketones, the percentage of keto form increases as the ring size increases. This is because the angle strain increases in small cyclic rings. The bond angle for a sp 2 hybridized carbon atom is larger than it is for a sp 3 hybridized carbon atom.

Question

Complete the clean-pushing mechanism for the given ether synthesia from propanol in concentrated sulfurica140°C by adding any mining aloms, bands, charges, nonbonding electron pairs, and curved arrows. Draw hydrogen bonded to cayan, when applicable. ore 11,0 HPC Step 1: Draw curved arrows Step 2: Complete the intend carved Q2Q 56 QQQ Step 3: Complete the intermediate and add curved Step 4: Modify the structures to draw the QQQ QQQ

Answer 1

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 7, Problem 7.42P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

It is to be explained why the equilibrium percentage of the first given molecule in its keto form is lower than that of the second given molecule, referring to Table 7-1.

Concept introduction:

In aqueous basic or acidic conditions, ketones and aldehydes exist in rapid equilibrium with a rearranged form called enol form. As a ketone or aldehyde, the species is called the keto form. In the enol form, the species has a carbon atom that is simultaneously a part of a C = C bond, which is a characteristic of alkenes, and is bonded to OH, which is a characteristic of alcohol. These two forms are always in equilibrium with each other, and this is called keto-enol tautomerization. For cyclic aldehydes and ketones, the percentage of keto form increases as the ring size increases. This is because the angle strain increases in small cyclic rings. The bond angle for a sp2 hybridized carbon atom is larger than it is for a sp3 hybridized carbon atom.

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Complete the clean-pushing mechanism for the given ether synthesia from propanol in concentrated sulfurica140°C by adding any mining aloms, bands, charges, nonbonding electron pairs, and curved arrows. Draw hydrogen bonded to cayan, when applicable. ore 11,0 HPC Step 1: Draw curved arrows Step 2: Complete the intend carved Q2Q 56 QQQ Step 3: Complete the intermediate and add curved Step 4: Modify the structures to draw the QQQ QQQ

6. In an experiment the following replicate set of volume measurements (cm3) was recorded: (25.35, 25.80, 25.28, 25.50, 25.45, 25.43) A. Calculate the mean of the raw data. B. Using the rejection quotient (Q-test) reject any questionable results. C. Recalculate the mean and compare it with the value obtained in 2(a).

A student proposes the transformation below in one step of an organic synthesis. There may be one or more reactants missing from the left-hand side, but there are no products missing from the right-hand side. There may also be catalysts, small inorganic reagents, and other important reaction conditions missing from the arrow. • Is the student's transformation possible? If not, check the box under the drawing area. • If the student's transformation is possible, then complete the reaction by adding any missing reactants to the left-hand side, and adding required catalysts, inorganic reagents, or other important reaction conditions above and below the arrow. • You do not need to balance the reaction, but be sure every important organic reactant or product is shown. + T G OH де OH This transformation can't be done in one step.

Answer 2

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 7, Problem 7.42P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

It is to be explained why the equilibrium percentage of the first given molecule in its keto form is lower than that of the second given molecule, referring to Table 7-1.

Concept introduction:

In aqueous basic or acidic conditions, ketones and aldehydes exist in rapid equilibrium with a rearranged form called enol form. As a ketone or aldehyde, the species is called the keto form. In the enol form, the species has a carbon atom that is simultaneously a part of a C = C bond, which is a characteristic of alkenes, and is bonded to OH, which is a characteristic of alcohol. These two forms are always in equilibrium with each other, and this is called keto-enol tautomerization. For cyclic aldehydes and ketones, the percentage of keto form increases as the ring size increases. This is because the angle strain increases in small cyclic rings. The bond angle for a sp2 hybridized carbon atom is larger than it is for a sp3 hybridized carbon atom.

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 7, Problem 7.42P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

It is to be explained why the equilibrium percentage of the first given molecule in its keto form is lower than that of the second given molecule, referring to Table 7-1.

Concept introduction:

In aqueous basic or acidic conditions, ketones and aldehydes exist in rapid equilibrium with a rearranged form called enol form. As a ketone or aldehyde, the species is called the keto form. In the enol form, the species has a carbon atom that is simultaneously a part of a C = C bond, which is a characteristic of alkenes, and is bonded to OH, which is a characteristic of alcohol. These two forms are always in equilibrium with each other, and this is called keto-enol tautomerization. For cyclic aldehydes and ketones, the percentage of keto form increases as the ring size increases. This is because the angle strain increases in small cyclic rings. The bond angle for a sp2 hybridized carbon atom is larger than it is for a sp3 hybridized carbon atom.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 7, Problem 7.42P

Interpretation Introduction