Interpretation:
Compare the estimated values with the experimental values have to be done.
Concept Introduction:
Atomic radius: The concept explain chemical element is a measured of the size of its atoms, in other words to measure the distance from the center of the nucleus to the boundary of the surrounding cloud of number of electrons.
Bond distance: In molecular geometry, bond length or bond distance is the average distance between nuclei of two bonded atoms in a molecule. It is a transferable property of a bond between atoms of fixed types, relatively independent of the rest of the molecule.
Increase and decrease electro negativity: The less vacancy electrons an atoms has the least it will gain of electrons. Moreover the
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Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
- Although nitrogen trifluoride (NF3) is a thermally stable compound, nitrogen triiodide (Nl3) is known to be a highly explosive material. NI3 can be synthesized according to the equation BN(s)+3IF(g)BF3(g)+NI3(g) a. What is the enthalpy of formation for NI3(s) given the enthalpy of reaction ( 307 kJ) and the enthalpies of formation for BN(s) (254 kJ/mol), IF(g) ( 96 kJ/mol), and BF3(g) ( 1136 kJ/mol)? b. It is reported that when the synthesis of NI3 is conducted using 4 moles of IF for every l mole of BN. one of the by-products isolated is [IF2]+ [BF4]. What are the molecular geometries of the species in this by-product? What are the hybridizations of the central atoms in each species in the by-product?arrow_forwardThe bond length in HI(1.62) is close to the sum of the atomic radii of H (0.37 Å) and I (1.33 Å). What does this fact indicate about the polarity of the bond?arrow_forwardTo explain why AHan for RbCl is different than that for KCI, the student investigates factors that affect AHoln and finds that ionic radius and lattice enthalpy (which can be defined as the AH associated with the separation of a solid crystal into gaseous ions) contribute to the process. The students consults references and collects the data shown in the table below. lonic Radius (pm) lon к' 138 Rb* 152 b. Using principles of atomic structure, explain why the Rb' ion is larger than the K' ionarrow_forward
- b) Answer the following question and give a brief explanation for your answers. a. Which one is more reactive : cesium, Cs or potassium, K? Explain b. Which one is more electronegative silicon, Si or tellurium, Te? Explain c. Arrange the following according to their size : smallest to largest. Justify your answer. O2 , F, Nearrow_forwardUse the following data to estimate AH; for potassium bromide. K(s) + Br2 (9) - KBr(a) Lattice energy -671 kJ/mol Ionization energy for K 419 kJ/mol Electron affinity of Br -325 kJ/mol Bond energy of Br2 Enthalpy of sublimation for K 193 kJ/mol 90. kJ/mol AH = kJ/molarrow_forwardWhich is the bonding and which is the anti-bonding orbital? Describe the differences in these two orbitals with respect to the number of nodes present, the relative electron density located between the atoms versus that located outside the inter-nuclear region, and the overall size of regions with the same phase. How do you expect the wavelength of the electron to vary between these two orbitals? What about the relative energy of the electron in these two states? Explainarrow_forward
- The bond lengths in Cl2, Br2, and I2 are 200, 228, and 266 pm, respectively. Knowing that the silicon radius is 111 pm, estimate the bond distances in Si-Cl, Si—Br, and Si—I. (Express your answer as an integer.) Si-Cl: Si-Br: Si-I: pm pm pmarrow_forwardConsider the A2X4 molecule depicted here, where A and Xare elements. The A¬A bond length in this molecule is d1,and the four A¬X bond lengths are each d2. (a) In terms ofd1 and d2, how could you define the bonding atomic radii ofatoms A and X? (b) In terms of d1 and d2, what would you predictfor the X¬X bond length of an X2 molecule?arrow_forwardConsider the A2X4 molecule depicted here, where A and Xare elements. The A¬A bond length in this molecule is d1,and the four A¬X bond lengths are each d2. (a) In terms ofd1 and d2, how could you define the bonding atomic radii ofatoms A and X? (b) In terms of d1 and d2, what would you predictfor the X¬X bond length of an X2 molecule? [Section 7.3]arrow_forward
- Use the Born Haber cycle (show relevant steps) to determine the lattice energy of CsCl (s) from the following data:Hf 0 [CsCl(s)] = -442.8 kJ/mol; enthalpy of sublimation of Cesium is 78.2 kJ/mol; enthalpy of dissociation of Cl2 (g) = 243 kJ/mol Cl2 ; IE1 for Cs(g) = 375.7 kJ/mol; electron affinity enthalpy-EA1 for Cl(g) = -349kJ/molarrow_forwardIf an element is bonded to 4 other atoms and has a formal charge of +1, what group must the element be in? I know that group 3A atoms are elctron deficient, and that period 3 elements and below, except for group 3A elements like Aluminum, can expand their octet because of their available d-orbital, which may not be relevant to this problem. I don't understand this question, or why the answer would be 5A. Is it because 5A have odd valence electrons, and can form free radicals, like NO?arrow_forwardUse the data given below to calculate the bond energies (Do) (in eV) of1H35Cl and 1H81Br molecules. Which bond is stronger? HCl Ve (cm^-1): 2991, De(cm^-1): 53194 HBr Ve(cm^-1):2649 , De(cm^-1): 34570arrow_forward
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