Concept explainers
The difference between pyrolysis and gasification.
Explanation of Solution
Pyrolysis is the process in which combustion takes place in the absence of oxygen. It is the thermal method of decomposition at high temperature in a nonreactive environment. This method is mainly used for decomposition of organic waste. Generally, the organic substance is volatile in nature so, during pyrolysis, they leave the solid material and gets evaporated at an elevated temperature which is enriching in carbon and charcoal.
Gasification is the process in which the organic matter is decomposed in the presence of oxygen at elevated temperature. In this process, organic matter is disintegrated into hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide. The product of this process is used as a renewable source of energy.
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Chapter 7 Solutions
Solid Waste Engineering: A Global Perspective, Si Edition
- Please solve using cartesian coordinates. Be clear about why cos or sin is used (explain the trig). Make sure to account for the normal force.arrow_forwardSolve /Draw the shear force and bending moment for these Don't use Artificial intelligencearrow_forwardA For the gravity concrete dam shown in the figure, the following data are available: -The factor of safety against sliding (F.S sliding) =1.2 - Unit weight of concrete (Yeone) 24 KN/m³ - Neglect( Wave pressure, silt pressure, ice force and earth quake force) H=0.65, (Ywater)= 9.81 KN/m³ Find factor of safety against overturning (F.S overturning) 10m 5m 6m 80marrow_forward
- Draw the shear force and bending moment diagramarrow_forwardThe pin-connected structure consists of a rigid beam ABCD and two supporting bars. Bar (1) is an aluminum alloy [E = 75 GPa] with a cross-sectional area of A₁ = 850 mm². Bar (2) is a bronze alloy [E = 109 GPa] with a cross-sectional area of A₂ = 410 mm². Assume L₁=2.6 m, L₂-3.3 m, a=0.7 m, b=1.5 m, and c=0.8 m. All bars are unstressed before the load P is applied; however, there is a 4.5-mm clearance in the pin connection at A. If a load of P = 45 kN is applied at B, determine: (a) the normal stresses σ1,02, in both bars (1) and (2). (b) the normal strains €1, €2, in bars (1) and (2). (c) determine the downward deflection VA of point A on the rigid bar. (1) Answers: a (a) σ1 = (b) E₁ = (C) VA = i i i ล B C L2 b C MPa, σ = i με, Ε2 i mm. MPa. μεarrow_forwardThe pin-connected structure consists of a rigid beam ABCD and two supporting bars. Bar (1) is an aluminum alloy [E = 79 GPa] with a cross-sectional area of A₁ = 780 mm². Bar (2) is a bronze alloy [E = 104 GPa] with a cross-sectional area of A₂ = 460 mm². Assume L₁=1.6 m, L₂-2.1 m, a=0.6 m, b=1.8 m, and c-1.3 m. All bars are unstressed before the load P is applied; however, there is a 4-mm clearance in the pin connection at A. If a load of P = 58 kN is applied at B, determine: (a) the normal stresses 01,02, in both bars (1) and (2). (b) the normal strains €1,2, in bars (1) and (2). (c) determine the downward deflection VA of point A on the rigid bar. (1) L₁ B Answers: (a)σ = b ล L2 C D i MPa, σ1 = i MPa. με, Ε2 = i με. (b) €1 = i (C) VA = i mm.arrow_forward
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- Current Attempt in Progress A load of P 117 kN is supported by a structure consisting of rigid bar ABC, two identical solid bronze [E= 83 GPa] rods, and a solid steel [E 182 GPa] rod, as shown. The bronze rods (1) each have a diameter of 20 mm and they are symmetrically positioned relative to the center rod (2) and the applied load P. Steel rod (2) has a diameter of 26 mm. All bars are unstressed before the load Pis applied; however, there is a 3.4-mm clearance in the bolted connection at B. Assume L₁ = 3.3 m and L2 = 1.6 m. Determine: (a) the normal stresses in the bronze and steel rods (01, 02). (b) the downward deflection v of rigid bar ABC. (1) Answers: L2 (2) (1) B P (a) σ = (b) y = eTextbook and Media Save for Later MPa. MPa, 02 = mm. Attempts: 0 of 5 used Submit Answerarrow_forwardA vinyl [E= 2.60 GPa; v = 0.43] block with width b = 50 mm, depth d = 100 mm, and height h = 270 mm rests on a smooth rigid base. A load P is applied to a rigid plate that rests on top of the block. Calculate the change in the depth dimension d of the block after a load of P = 120 kN is applied. Rigid plate Answer: Ad= Width b Depth d Height Rigid base mmarrow_forwardAn aluminum [E = 11900 ksi] control rod with a circular cross section must not stretch more than 0.24 in. when the tension in the rod is 1980 lb. If the maximum allowable normal stress in the rod is 12.1 ksi, determine: (a) the smallest diameter d that can be used for the rod. (b) the corresponding maximum length L of the rod. Answers: (a) d = i (b) L = i in. in.arrow_forward
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