A model of chair cyclohexane corresponding to the leftmost model in the given figure is to be drawn. The two reasons corresponding to the fact that the half-chair conformation is less stable than the chair or twist-boat conformation is to be stated. Concept introduction: The conformation of cyclohexane is a type of 3 − D shape of cyclohexane molecule. There are total four types of significant conformations of cyclohexane exists which are chair conformation, half-chair conformation, boat conformation and twist-boat conformation. The switching of cyclohexane molecule is very easy between the four conformations.

Question

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 7, Problem 7.1P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A model of chair cyclohexane corresponding to the leftmost model in the given figure is to be drawn. The two reasons corresponding to the fact that the half-chair conformation is less stable than the chair or twist-boat conformation is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The conformation of cyclohexane is a type of 3−D shape of cyclohexane molecule. There are total four types of significant conformations of cyclohexane exists which are chair conformation, half-chair conformation, boat conformation and twist-boat conformation. The switching of cyclohexane molecule is very easy between the four conformations.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 7.1P

A model of chair cyclohexane corresponding to the leftmost model in the given figure is shown below.

ORGANIC CHEM +SG +SAPLING >IP<, Chapter 7, Problem 7.1P , additional homework tip 1

The half-chair conformation is less stable than the chair or twist-boat conformation because half-chair conformation has maximum ring strain and the presence of angle strain in half-chair conformation of cyclohexane molecule.

Explanation of Solution

The given leftmost figure of chair conformation of cyclohexane is shown as,

ORGANIC CHEM +SG +SAPLING >IP<, Chapter 7, Problem 7.1P , additional homework tip 2

Figure 1

The model of chair conformation of cyclohexane corresponding to the leftmost model is shown as,

ORGANIC CHEM +SG +SAPLING >IP<, Chapter 7, Problem 7.1P , additional homework tip 3

Figure 2

If the carbon-4 in order to locate carbons 2-5 in a common plane then the above model chair conformation of cyclohexane is shown as,

ORGANIC CHEM +SG +SAPLING >IP<, Chapter 7, Problem 7.1P , additional homework tip 4

Figure 3

Thus, the raising of carbon-4 in order to locate carbons 2-5 in a common plane forms the half-chair conformation of cyclohexane molecule. This half-chair conformation of cyclohexane molecule is a transition state for the conversion into the chair and twist boat conformations.

The two reasons which explain that the half-chair conformation is less stable than the chair or twist-boat conformation are as follows.

• The ring strain in half chair conformation is more as compared to the chair or twist-boat conformation.

• The angle strain of 120° and torsional strain is present in half chair conformation of cyclohexane. These two strains exist in the half chair conformation because of the two fully eclipsed carbon-carbon bonds and two partially eclipsed carbon-carbon bonds.

Conclusion

A model of chair cyclohexane corresponding to the leftmost model in the given figure has been shown above. The two reasons corresponding to the fact that the half-chair conformation is less stable than the chair or twist-boat conformations has been stated above.

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3) The following molecule, chloral is a common precursor to chloral hydrate, an acetal type molecule that was a first-generation anesthetic. Draw a mechanism that accounts for tis formation and speculate why it does not require the use of an acid catalyst, like most hemiacetal and acetal reaction: (10 pts) H H₂O

You are a Quality Manager for a very well-known food ingredient company that produces umami powder, and you are responsible for setting specification limits. The net weight (in grams) of bags of unami powder is monitored by taking samples of six bags on an hourly basis during production. The label on every bag reports a contents of 1KG umami powder. The process mean is μ = 1012 g, and when the process is properly adjusted, it varies with σ = 11 g. QUESTION: Your organisation strives to ensure that >99.97% of bags of umami powder produced conforms to specification. What performance process index value is required to achieve this process yield? Calculate PPK using the following formula: Ppk = (USL – mean)/3 σ Ppk = (mean -LSL)/ 3 σ

You are a Quality Manager for a very well-known food ingredient company that produces umami powder, and you are responsible for setting specification limits. The net weight (in grams) of bags of unami powder is monitored by taking samples of six bags on an hourly basis during production. The label on every bag reports a contents of 1KG umami powder. The process mean is μ = 1012 g, and when the process is properly adjusted, it varies with σ = 11 g. QUESTION: Provide a valid and full justification as to whether you would advise your manager that the process is satisfactory when it is properly adjusted, or would you seek their approval to improve the process?

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 7, Problem 7.1P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A model of chair cyclohexane corresponding to the leftmost model in the given figure is to be drawn. The two reasons corresponding to the fact that the half-chair conformation is less stable than the chair or twist-boat conformation is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The conformation of cyclohexane is a type of 3−D shape of cyclohexane molecule. There are total four types of significant conformations of cyclohexane exists which are chair conformation, half-chair conformation, boat conformation and twist-boat conformation. The switching of cyclohexane molecule is very easy between the four conformations.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 7.1P

A model of chair cyclohexane corresponding to the leftmost model in the given figure is shown below.

ORGANIC CHEM +SG +SAPLING >IP<, Chapter 7, Problem 7.1P , additional homework tip 1

The half-chair conformation is less stable than the chair or twist-boat conformation because half-chair conformation has maximum ring strain and the presence of angle strain in half-chair conformation of cyclohexane molecule.

Explanation of Solution

The given leftmost figure of chair conformation of cyclohexane is shown as,

ORGANIC CHEM +SG +SAPLING >IP<, Chapter 7, Problem 7.1P , additional homework tip 2

Figure 1

The model of chair conformation of cyclohexane corresponding to the leftmost model is shown as,

ORGANIC CHEM +SG +SAPLING >IP<, Chapter 7, Problem 7.1P , additional homework tip 3

Figure 2

If the carbon-4 in order to locate carbons 2-5 in a common plane then the above model chair conformation of cyclohexane is shown as,

ORGANIC CHEM +SG +SAPLING >IP<, Chapter 7, Problem 7.1P , additional homework tip 4

Figure 3

Thus, the raising of carbon-4 in order to locate carbons 2-5 in a common plane forms the half-chair conformation of cyclohexane molecule. This half-chair conformation of cyclohexane molecule is a transition state for the conversion into the chair and twist boat conformations.

The two reasons which explain that the half-chair conformation is less stable than the chair or twist-boat conformation are as follows.

• The ring strain in half chair conformation is more as compared to the chair or twist-boat conformation.

• The angle strain of 120° and torsional strain is present in half chair conformation of cyclohexane. These two strains exist in the half chair conformation because of the two fully eclipsed carbon-carbon bonds and two partially eclipsed carbon-carbon bonds.

Conclusion

A model of chair cyclohexane corresponding to the leftmost model in the given figure has been shown above. The two reasons corresponding to the fact that the half-chair conformation is less stable than the chair or twist-boat conformations has been stated above.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 7, Problem 7.1P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A model of chair cyclohexane corresponding to the leftmost model in the given figure is to be drawn. The two reasons corresponding to the fact that the half-chair conformation is less stable than the chair or twist-boat conformation is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The conformation of cyclohexane is a type of 3−D shape of cyclohexane molecule. There are total four types of significant conformations of cyclohexane exists which are chair conformation, half-chair conformation, boat conformation and twist-boat conformation. The switching of cyclohexane molecule is very easy between the four conformations.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 7.1P

A model of chair cyclohexane corresponding to the leftmost model in the given figure is shown below.

ORGANIC CHEM +SG +SAPLING >IP<, Chapter 7, Problem 7.1P , additional homework tip 1

The half-chair conformation is less stable than the chair or twist-boat conformation because half-chair conformation has maximum ring strain and the presence of angle strain in half-chair conformation of cyclohexane molecule.

Explanation of Solution

The given leftmost figure of chair conformation of cyclohexane is shown as,

ORGANIC CHEM +SG +SAPLING >IP<, Chapter 7, Problem 7.1P , additional homework tip 2

Figure 1

The model of chair conformation of cyclohexane corresponding to the leftmost model is shown as,

ORGANIC CHEM +SG +SAPLING >IP<, Chapter 7, Problem 7.1P , additional homework tip 3

Figure 2

If the carbon-4 in order to locate carbons 2-5 in a common plane then the above model chair conformation of cyclohexane is shown as,

ORGANIC CHEM +SG +SAPLING >IP<, Chapter 7, Problem 7.1P , additional homework tip 4

Figure 3

Thus, the raising of carbon-4 in order to locate carbons 2-5 in a common plane forms the half-chair conformation of cyclohexane molecule. This half-chair conformation of cyclohexane molecule is a transition state for the conversion into the chair and twist boat conformations.

The two reasons which explain that the half-chair conformation is less stable than the chair or twist-boat conformation are as follows.

• The ring strain in half chair conformation is more as compared to the chair or twist-boat conformation.

• The angle strain of 120° and torsional strain is present in half chair conformation of cyclohexane. These two strains exist in the half chair conformation because of the two fully eclipsed carbon-carbon bonds and two partially eclipsed carbon-carbon bonds.

Conclusion

A model of chair cyclohexane corresponding to the leftmost model in the given figure has been shown above. The two reasons corresponding to the fact that the half-chair conformation is less stable than the chair or twist-boat conformations has been stated above.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 7, Problem 7.1P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A model of chair cyclohexane corresponding to the leftmost model in the given figure is to be drawn. The two reasons corresponding to the fact that the half-chair conformation is less stable than the chair or twist-boat conformation is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The conformation of cyclohexane is a type of 3−D shape of cyclohexane molecule. There are total four types of significant conformations of cyclohexane exists which are chair conformation, half-chair conformation, boat conformation and twist-boat conformation. The switching of cyclohexane molecule is very easy between the four conformations.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 7.1P

A model of chair cyclohexane corresponding to the leftmost model in the given figure is shown below.

ORGANIC CHEM +SG +SAPLING >IP<, Chapter 7, Problem 7.1P , additional homework tip 1

The half-chair conformation is less stable than the chair or twist-boat conformation because half-chair conformation has maximum ring strain and the presence of angle strain in half-chair conformation of cyclohexane molecule.

Explanation of Solution

The given leftmost figure of chair conformation of cyclohexane is shown as,

ORGANIC CHEM +SG +SAPLING >IP<, Chapter 7, Problem 7.1P , additional homework tip 2

Figure 1

The model of chair conformation of cyclohexane corresponding to the leftmost model is shown as,

ORGANIC CHEM +SG +SAPLING >IP<, Chapter 7, Problem 7.1P , additional homework tip 3

Figure 2

If the carbon-4 in order to locate carbons 2-5 in a common plane then the above model chair conformation of cyclohexane is shown as,

ORGANIC CHEM +SG +SAPLING >IP<, Chapter 7, Problem 7.1P , additional homework tip 4

Figure 3

Thus, the raising of carbon-4 in order to locate carbons 2-5 in a common plane forms the half-chair conformation of cyclohexane molecule. This half-chair conformation of cyclohexane molecule is a transition state for the conversion into the chair and twist boat conformations.

The two reasons which explain that the half-chair conformation is less stable than the chair or twist-boat conformation are as follows.

• The ring strain in half chair conformation is more as compared to the chair or twist-boat conformation.

• The angle strain of 120° and torsional strain is present in half chair conformation of cyclohexane. These two strains exist in the half chair conformation because of the two fully eclipsed carbon-carbon bonds and two partially eclipsed carbon-carbon bonds.

Conclusion

A model of chair cyclohexane corresponding to the leftmost model in the given figure has been shown above. The two reasons corresponding to the fact that the half-chair conformation is less stable than the chair or twist-boat conformations has been stated above.

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Answer 5

Chapter 7, Problem 7.1P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A model of chair cyclohexane corresponding to the leftmost model in the given figure is to be drawn. The two reasons corresponding to the fact that the half-chair conformation is less stable than the chair or twist-boat conformation is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The conformation of cyclohexane is a type of 3−D shape of cyclohexane molecule. There are total four types of significant conformations of cyclohexane exists which are chair conformation, half-chair conformation, boat conformation and twist-boat conformation. The switching of cyclohexane molecule is very easy between the four conformations.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 7.1P

A model of chair cyclohexane corresponding to the leftmost model in the given figure is shown below.

ORGANIC CHEM +SG +SAPLING >IP<, Chapter 7, Problem 7.1P , additional homework tip 1

The half-chair conformation is less stable than the chair or twist-boat conformation because half-chair conformation has maximum ring strain and the presence of angle strain in half-chair conformation of cyclohexane molecule.

Explanation of Solution

The given leftmost figure of chair conformation of cyclohexane is shown as,

ORGANIC CHEM +SG +SAPLING >IP<, Chapter 7, Problem 7.1P , additional homework tip 2

Figure 1

The model of chair conformation of cyclohexane corresponding to the leftmost model is shown as,

ORGANIC CHEM +SG +SAPLING >IP<, Chapter 7, Problem 7.1P , additional homework tip 3

Figure 2

If the carbon-4 in order to locate carbons 2-5 in a common plane then the above model chair conformation of cyclohexane is shown as,

ORGANIC CHEM +SG +SAPLING >IP<, Chapter 7, Problem 7.1P , additional homework tip 4

Figure 3

Thus, the raising of carbon-4 in order to locate carbons 2-5 in a common plane forms the half-chair conformation of cyclohexane molecule. This half-chair conformation of cyclohexane molecule is a transition state for the conversion into the chair and twist boat conformations.

The two reasons which explain that the half-chair conformation is less stable than the chair or twist-boat conformation are as follows.

• The ring strain in half chair conformation is more as compared to the chair or twist-boat conformation.

• The angle strain of 120° and torsional strain is present in half chair conformation of cyclohexane. These two strains exist in the half chair conformation because of the two fully eclipsed carbon-carbon bonds and two partially eclipsed carbon-carbon bonds.

Conclusion

A model of chair cyclohexane corresponding to the leftmost model in the given figure has been shown above. The two reasons corresponding to the fact that the half-chair conformation is less stable than the chair or twist-boat conformations has been stated above.

Answer 6

Chapter 7, Problem 7.1P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A model of chair cyclohexane corresponding to the leftmost model in the given figure is to be drawn. The two reasons corresponding to the fact that the half-chair conformation is less stable than the chair or twist-boat conformation is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The conformation of cyclohexane is a type of 3−D shape of cyclohexane molecule. There are total four types of significant conformations of cyclohexane exists which are chair conformation, half-chair conformation, boat conformation and twist-boat conformation. The switching of cyclohexane molecule is very easy between the four conformations.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 7.1P

A model of chair cyclohexane corresponding to the leftmost model in the given figure is shown below.

ORGANIC CHEM +SG +SAPLING >IP<, Chapter 7, Problem 7.1P , additional homework tip 1

The half-chair conformation is less stable than the chair or twist-boat conformation because half-chair conformation has maximum ring strain and the presence of angle strain in half-chair conformation of cyclohexane molecule.

Explanation of Solution

The given leftmost figure of chair conformation of cyclohexane is shown as,

ORGANIC CHEM +SG +SAPLING >IP<, Chapter 7, Problem 7.1P , additional homework tip 2

Figure 1

The model of chair conformation of cyclohexane corresponding to the leftmost model is shown as,

ORGANIC CHEM +SG +SAPLING >IP<, Chapter 7, Problem 7.1P , additional homework tip 3

Figure 2

If the carbon-4 in order to locate carbons 2-5 in a common plane then the above model chair conformation of cyclohexane is shown as,

ORGANIC CHEM +SG +SAPLING >IP<, Chapter 7, Problem 7.1P , additional homework tip 4

Figure 3

Thus, the raising of carbon-4 in order to locate carbons 2-5 in a common plane forms the half-chair conformation of cyclohexane molecule. This half-chair conformation of cyclohexane molecule is a transition state for the conversion into the chair and twist boat conformations.

The two reasons which explain that the half-chair conformation is less stable than the chair or twist-boat conformation are as follows.

• The ring strain in half chair conformation is more as compared to the chair or twist-boat conformation.

• The angle strain of 120° and torsional strain is present in half chair conformation of cyclohexane. These two strains exist in the half chair conformation because of the two fully eclipsed carbon-carbon bonds and two partially eclipsed carbon-carbon bonds.

Conclusion

A model of chair cyclohexane corresponding to the leftmost model in the given figure has been shown above. The two reasons corresponding to the fact that the half-chair conformation is less stable than the chair or twist-boat conformations has been stated above.

Answer 7

Chapter 7, Problem 7.1P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A model of chair cyclohexane corresponding to the leftmost model in the given figure is to be drawn. The two reasons corresponding to the fact that the half-chair conformation is less stable than the chair or twist-boat conformation is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The conformation of cyclohexane is a type of 3−D shape of cyclohexane molecule. There are total four types of significant conformations of cyclohexane exists which are chair conformation, half-chair conformation, boat conformation and twist-boat conformation. The switching of cyclohexane molecule is very easy between the four conformations.

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 7.1P

A model of chair cyclohexane corresponding to the leftmost model in the given figure is shown below.

ORGANIC CHEM +SG +SAPLING >IP<, Chapter 7, Problem 7.1P , additional homework tip 1

The half-chair conformation is less stable than the chair or twist-boat conformation because half-chair conformation has maximum ring strain and the presence of angle strain in half-chair conformation of cyclohexane molecule.

Answer 9

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 10

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 11

Explanation of Solution

The given leftmost figure of chair conformation of cyclohexane is shown as,

ORGANIC CHEM +SG +SAPLING >IP<, Chapter 7, Problem 7.1P , additional homework tip 2

Figure 1

The model of chair conformation of cyclohexane corresponding to the leftmost model is shown as,

ORGANIC CHEM +SG +SAPLING >IP<, Chapter 7, Problem 7.1P , additional homework tip 3

Figure 2

If the carbon-4 in order to locate carbons 2-5 in a common plane then the above model chair conformation of cyclohexane is shown as,

ORGANIC CHEM +SG +SAPLING >IP<, Chapter 7, Problem 7.1P , additional homework tip 4

Figure 3

Thus, the raising of carbon-4 in order to locate carbons 2-5 in a common plane forms the half-chair conformation of cyclohexane molecule. This half-chair conformation of cyclohexane molecule is a transition state for the conversion into the chair and twist boat conformations.

The two reasons which explain that the half-chair conformation is less stable than the chair or twist-boat conformation are as follows.

• The ring strain in half chair conformation is more as compared to the chair or twist-boat conformation.

• The angle strain of 120° and torsional strain is present in half chair conformation of cyclohexane. These two strains exist in the half chair conformation because of the two fully eclipsed carbon-carbon bonds and two partially eclipsed carbon-carbon bonds.

Answer 12

Conclusion

A model of chair cyclohexane corresponding to the leftmost model in the given figure has been shown above. The two reasons corresponding to the fact that the half-chair conformation is less stable than the chair or twist-boat conformations has been stated above.

Answer 13

Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.1P Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.2P Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.3P Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.4P Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.5P Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.6P Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.7P Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.8P Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.9P Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.10P

Concept explainers

Answer to Problem 7.1P

Explanation of Solution

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Chapter 7 Solutions