Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation: Among the given characterizations, the one that applies to both starch and cellulose has to be stated.
Concept introduction: The
(b)
Interpretation: Among the given characterizations, the one that applies to both glycogen and amylopectin has to be stated.
Concept introduction: The polymer which is formed by the combination of several monosaccharides is called a polysaccharide. These monosaccharides can be same, called as homopolysaccharide or different called as heteropolysaccharides. A molecule with a straight chain is called unbranched polysaccharide and that with a branched chain is called as branched polysaccharide.
(c)
Interpretation: Among the given characterizations, the one that applies to both amylose and chitin has to be stated.
Concept introduction: The polymer which is formed by the combination of several monosaccharides is called a polysaccharide. These monosaccharides can be same, called as homopolysaccharide or different called as heteropolysaccharides. A molecule with a straight chain is called unbranched polysaccharide and that with a branched chain is called as branched polysaccharide.
(d)
Interpretation: Among the given characterizations, the one that applies to both heparin and hyaluronic acid has to be stated.
Concept introduction: The polymer which is formed by the combination of several monosaccharides is called a polysaccharide. These monosaccharides can be same, called as homopolysaccharide or different called as heteropolysaccharides. A molecule with a straight chain is called unbranched polysaccharide and that with a branched chain is called as branched polysaccharide.

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Chapter 7 Solutions
EBK ORGANIC AND BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY
- R₂ R₁ R₁ a R Rg Nu R₂ Rg R₁ R R₁₂ R3 R R Nu enolate forming R₁ R B-Alkylated carbonyl species or amines Cyclic B-Ketoester R₁₁ HOB R R₁B R R₁₂ B-Hydroxy carbonyl R diester R2 R3 R₁ RB OR R₂ 0 aB-Unsaturated carbonyl NaOR Aldol HOR reaction 1) LDA 2) R-X 3) H₂O/H₂O ketone, aldehyde 1) 2°-amine 2) acid chloride 3) H₂O'/H₂O 0 O R₁ R₁ R R₁ R₁₂ Alkylated a-carbon R₁ H.C R₁ H.C Alkylated methyl ketone acetoacetic ester B-Ketoester ester R₁ HO R₂ R B-Dicarbonyl HO Alkylated carboxylic acid malonic ester Write the reagents required to bring about each reaction next to the arrows shown. Next, record any regiochemistry or stereochemistry considerations relevant to the reaction. You should also record any key aspects of the mechanism, such as forma- tion of an important intermediate, as a helpful reminder. You may want to keep track of all reactions that make carbon-carbon bonds, because these help you build large molecules from smaller fragments. This especially applies to the reactions in…arrow_forwardProvide the reasonable steps to achieve the following synthesis.arrow_forwardIdentify which compound is more acidic. Justify your choice.arrow_forward
- Provide the reasonable steps to achieve the following synthesis.arrow_forwardWhen anisole is treated with excess bromine, the reaction gives a product which shows two singlets in 1H NMR. Draw the product.arrow_forward(ii) Draw a reasonable mechanism for the following reaction: CI NaOH heat OH (hint: SNAr Reaction) :arrow_forward
- For the reaction 2 N2O5(g) → 4 NO2(g) + O2(g), the following mechanism has been proposed: N2O5 →> NO₂+ NO3_(K1) NO2 + NO3 → N2O5 (k-1) NO2 + NO3 → → NO2 + O2 + NO (K2) NO + N2O5- NO2 + NO2 + NO2 (K3) d[N₂O5] __2k‚k₂[N2O5] Indicate whether the following rate expression is acceptable: dt k₁₁+ k₂arrow_forwardConsider the following decomposition reaction of N2O5(g): For the reaction 2 N2O5(g) → 4 NO2(g) + O2(g), the following mechanism has been proposed: N2O5 → NO2 + NO3 (K1) NO2 + NO3 → N2O5 (k-1) NO2 + NO3 → NO2 + O2 + NO (K2) NO + N2O5 → NO2 + NO2 + NO2 (K3) Indicate whether the following rate expression is acceptable: d[N2O5] = -k₁[N₂O₂] + K¸₁[NO₂][NO3] - K¸[NO₂]³ dtarrow_forwardIn a reaction of A + B to give C, another compound other than A, B or C may appear in the kinetic equation.arrow_forward
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