The element for the following orbital diagram has to be identified. Also, whether this orbital diagram is the ground state or excited state or impossible state of the atom has to be determined. If this orbital diagram is an excited state then the ground state orbital diagram has to be drawn. Concept Introduction: The electronic configuration is defined as the distribution of electrons in various atomic orbitals of the atom. The electrons that are present in an outermost orbital are known as valence electrons whereas those present in the orbitals with lower quantum numbers are called core electrons. Electrons are filled in orbitals in accordance with three rules: Aufbau principle, Hund’s rule, and Pauli’s exclusion principle. Aufbau principle states that electrons are filled in the orbitals from lower to higher energy level as follows: 1 s < 2 s < 2 p < 3 s < 3 p < 4 s < 3 d < 4 p < 5 s < 4 d < 5 p < 6 s < 4 f < 5 d < 6 p < 7 s Hund’s rule states that initially each orbital is singly occupied and then pairing occurs and Pauli’s exclusion principle states that the spin of two electrons in one orbital is always different. If one or more electron is in higher allowed orbitals of the atom then this is known as excited state of the atom. The excited-state of an atom is shown by the orbital diagram. The orbital diagram is the way to show the distribution of electrons in an atom.

Question

Predict the major products of this reaction. Cl₂ hv ? Draw only the major product or products in the drawing area below. If there's more than one major product, you can draw them in any arrangement you like. Be sure you use wedge and dash bonds if necessary, for example to distinguish between major products with different stereochemistry. If there will be no products because there will be no significant reaction, just check the box under the drawing area and leave it blank. Note for advanced students: you can ignore any products of repeated addition. Explanation Check Click and drag to start drawing a structure. 80 10 m 2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use | Privacy Center | Accessibility DII A F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 F8 EO F11

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 7, Problem 7.101QE

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The element for the following orbital diagram has to be identified. Also, whether this orbital diagram is the ground state or excited state or impossible state of the atom has to be determined. If this orbital diagram is an excited state then the ground state orbital diagram has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

The electronic configuration is defined as the distribution of electrons in various atomic orbitals of the atom. The electrons that are present in an outermost orbital are known as valence electrons whereas those present in the orbitals with lower quantum numbers are called core electrons. Electrons are filled in orbitals in accordance with three rules: Aufbau principle, Hund’s rule, and Pauli’s exclusion principle. Aufbau principle states that electrons are filled in the orbitals from lower to higher energy level as follows:

1s<2s<2p<3s<3p<4s<3d<4p<5s<4d<5p<6s<4f<5d<6p<7s

Hund’s rule states that initially each orbital is singly occupied and then pairing occurs and Pauli’s exclusion principle states that the spin of two electrons in one orbital is always different.

If one or more electron is in higher allowed orbitals of the atom then this is known as excited state of the atom. The excited-state of an atom is shown by the orbital diagram. The orbital diagram is the way to show the distribution of electrons in an atom.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The element for the following orbital diagram has to be identified. Also, whether this orbital diagram is the ground state or excited state or impossible state of the atom has to be determined. If this orbital diagram is an excited state then the ground state orbital diagram has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The element for the following orbital diagram has to be identified. Also, whether this orbital diagram is the ground state or excited state or impossible state of the atom has to be determined. If this orbital diagram is an excited state then the ground state orbital diagram has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The element for the following orbital diagram has to be identified. Also, whether this orbital diagram is the ground state or excited state or impossible state of the atom has to be determined. If this orbital diagram is an excited state then the ground state orbital diagram has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

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Predict the major products of this reaction. Cl₂ hv ? Draw only the major product or products in the drawing area below. If there's more than one major product, you can draw them in any arrangement you like. Be sure you use wedge and dash bonds if necessary, for example to distinguish between major products with different stereochemistry. If there will be no products because there will be no significant reaction, just check the box under the drawing area and leave it blank. Note for advanced students: you can ignore any products of repeated addition. Explanation Check Click and drag to start drawing a structure. 80 10 m 2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use | Privacy Center | Accessibility DII A F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 F8 EO F11

Given a system with an anodic overpotential, the variation of η as a function of current density- at low fields is linear.- at higher fields, it follows Tafel's law.Calculate the range of current densities for which the overpotential has the same value when calculated for both cases (the maximum relative difference will be 5%, compared to the behavior for higher fields).

Using reaction free energy to predict equilibrium composition Consider the following equilibrium: N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) = 2NH3 (g) AGº = -34. KJ Now suppose a reaction vessel is filled with 8.06 atm of nitrogen (N2) and 2.58 atm of ammonia (NH3) at 106. °C. Answer the following questions about this system: rise Under these conditions, will the pressure of N2 tend to rise or fall? ☐ x10 fall Is it possible to reverse this tendency by adding H₂? In other words, if you said the pressure of N2 will tend to rise, can that be changed to a tendency to fall by adding H2? Similarly, if you said the pressure of N will tend to fall, can that be changed to a tendency to rise by adding H₂? If you said the tendency can be reversed in the second question, calculate the minimum pressure of H₂ needed to reverse it. Round your answer to 2 significant digits. yes no ☐ atm Х ด ? olo 18 Ar

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 7, Problem 7.101QE

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The element for the following orbital diagram has to be identified. Also, whether this orbital diagram is the ground state or excited state or impossible state of the atom has to be determined. If this orbital diagram is an excited state then the ground state orbital diagram has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

The electronic configuration is defined as the distribution of electrons in various atomic orbitals of the atom. The electrons that are present in an outermost orbital are known as valence electrons whereas those present in the orbitals with lower quantum numbers are called core electrons. Electrons are filled in orbitals in accordance with three rules: Aufbau principle, Hund’s rule, and Pauli’s exclusion principle. Aufbau principle states that electrons are filled in the orbitals from lower to higher energy level as follows:

1s<2s<2p<3s<3p<4s<3d<4p<5s<4d<5p<6s<4f<5d<6p<7s

Hund’s rule states that initially each orbital is singly occupied and then pairing occurs and Pauli’s exclusion principle states that the spin of two electrons in one orbital is always different.

If one or more electron is in higher allowed orbitals of the atom then this is known as excited state of the atom. The excited-state of an atom is shown by the orbital diagram. The orbital diagram is the way to show the distribution of electrons in an atom.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The element for the following orbital diagram has to be identified. Also, whether this orbital diagram is the ground state or excited state or impossible state of the atom has to be determined. If this orbital diagram is an excited state then the ground state orbital diagram has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The element for the following orbital diagram has to be identified. Also, whether this orbital diagram is the ground state or excited state or impossible state of the atom has to be determined. If this orbital diagram is an excited state then the ground state orbital diagram has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The element for the following orbital diagram has to be identified. Also, whether this orbital diagram is the ground state or excited state or impossible state of the atom has to be determined. If this orbital diagram is an excited state then the ground state orbital diagram has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 7, Problem 7.101QE

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The element for the following orbital diagram has to be identified. Also, whether this orbital diagram is the ground state or excited state or impossible state of the atom has to be determined. If this orbital diagram is an excited state then the ground state orbital diagram has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

The electronic configuration is defined as the distribution of electrons in various atomic orbitals of the atom. The electrons that are present in an outermost orbital are known as valence electrons whereas those present in the orbitals with lower quantum numbers are called core electrons. Electrons are filled in orbitals in accordance with three rules: Aufbau principle, Hund’s rule, and Pauli’s exclusion principle. Aufbau principle states that electrons are filled in the orbitals from lower to higher energy level as follows:

1s<2s<2p<3s<3p<4s<3d<4p<5s<4d<5p<6s<4f<5d<6p<7s

Hund’s rule states that initially each orbital is singly occupied and then pairing occurs and Pauli’s exclusion principle states that the spin of two electrons in one orbital is always different.

If one or more electron is in higher allowed orbitals of the atom then this is known as excited state of the atom. The excited-state of an atom is shown by the orbital diagram. The orbital diagram is the way to show the distribution of electrons in an atom.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The element for the following orbital diagram has to be identified. Also, whether this orbital diagram is the ground state or excited state or impossible state of the atom has to be determined. If this orbital diagram is an excited state then the ground state orbital diagram has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The element for the following orbital diagram has to be identified. Also, whether this orbital diagram is the ground state or excited state or impossible state of the atom has to be determined. If this orbital diagram is an excited state then the ground state orbital diagram has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The element for the following orbital diagram has to be identified. Also, whether this orbital diagram is the ground state or excited state or impossible state of the atom has to be determined. If this orbital diagram is an excited state then the ground state orbital diagram has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 7, Problem 7.101QE

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The element for the following orbital diagram has to be identified. Also, whether this orbital diagram is the ground state or excited state or impossible state of the atom has to be determined. If this orbital diagram is an excited state then the ground state orbital diagram has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

The electronic configuration is defined as the distribution of electrons in various atomic orbitals of the atom. The electrons that are present in an outermost orbital are known as valence electrons whereas those present in the orbitals with lower quantum numbers are called core electrons. Electrons are filled in orbitals in accordance with three rules: Aufbau principle, Hund’s rule, and Pauli’s exclusion principle. Aufbau principle states that electrons are filled in the orbitals from lower to higher energy level as follows:

1s<2s<2p<3s<3p<4s<3d<4p<5s<4d<5p<6s<4f<5d<6p<7s

Hund’s rule states that initially each orbital is singly occupied and then pairing occurs and Pauli’s exclusion principle states that the spin of two electrons in one orbital is always different.

If one or more electron is in higher allowed orbitals of the atom then this is known as excited state of the atom. The excited-state of an atom is shown by the orbital diagram. The orbital diagram is the way to show the distribution of electrons in an atom.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The element for the following orbital diagram has to be identified. Also, whether this orbital diagram is the ground state or excited state or impossible state of the atom has to be determined. If this orbital diagram is an excited state then the ground state orbital diagram has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The element for the following orbital diagram has to be identified. Also, whether this orbital diagram is the ground state or excited state or impossible state of the atom has to be determined. If this orbital diagram is an excited state then the ground state orbital diagram has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The element for the following orbital diagram has to be identified. Also, whether this orbital diagram is the ground state or excited state or impossible state of the atom has to be determined. If this orbital diagram is an excited state then the ground state orbital diagram has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

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Answer 5

Chapter 7, Problem 7.101QE

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The element for the following orbital diagram has to be identified. Also, whether this orbital diagram is the ground state or excited state or impossible state of the atom has to be determined. If this orbital diagram is an excited state then the ground state orbital diagram has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

The electronic configuration is defined as the distribution of electrons in various atomic orbitals of the atom. The electrons that are present in an outermost orbital are known as valence electrons whereas those present in the orbitals with lower quantum numbers are called core electrons. Electrons are filled in orbitals in accordance with three rules: Aufbau principle, Hund’s rule, and Pauli’s exclusion principle. Aufbau principle states that electrons are filled in the orbitals from lower to higher energy level as follows:

1s<2s<2p<3s<3p<4s<3d<4p<5s<4d<5p<6s<4f<5d<6p<7s

Hund’s rule states that initially each orbital is singly occupied and then pairing occurs and Pauli’s exclusion principle states that the spin of two electrons in one orbital is always different.

If one or more electron is in higher allowed orbitals of the atom then this is known as excited state of the atom. The excited-state of an atom is shown by the orbital diagram. The orbital diagram is the way to show the distribution of electrons in an atom.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The element for the following orbital diagram has to be identified. Also, whether this orbital diagram is the ground state or excited state or impossible state of the atom has to be determined. If this orbital diagram is an excited state then the ground state orbital diagram has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The element for the following orbital diagram has to be identified. Also, whether this orbital diagram is the ground state or excited state or impossible state of the atom has to be determined. If this orbital diagram is an excited state then the ground state orbital diagram has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The element for the following orbital diagram has to be identified. Also, whether this orbital diagram is the ground state or excited state or impossible state of the atom has to be determined. If this orbital diagram is an excited state then the ground state orbital diagram has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

Answer 6

Chapter 7, Problem 7.101QE

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The element for the following orbital diagram has to be identified. Also, whether this orbital diagram is the ground state or excited state or impossible state of the atom has to be determined. If this orbital diagram is an excited state then the ground state orbital diagram has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

The electronic configuration is defined as the distribution of electrons in various atomic orbitals of the atom. The electrons that are present in an outermost orbital are known as valence electrons whereas those present in the orbitals with lower quantum numbers are called core electrons. Electrons are filled in orbitals in accordance with three rules: Aufbau principle, Hund’s rule, and Pauli’s exclusion principle. Aufbau principle states that electrons are filled in the orbitals from lower to higher energy level as follows:

1s<2s<2p<3s<3p<4s<3d<4p<5s<4d<5p<6s<4f<5d<6p<7s

Hund’s rule states that initially each orbital is singly occupied and then pairing occurs and Pauli’s exclusion principle states that the spin of two electrons in one orbital is always different.

If one or more electron is in higher allowed orbitals of the atom then this is known as excited state of the atom. The excited-state of an atom is shown by the orbital diagram. The orbital diagram is the way to show the distribution of electrons in an atom.

Answer 7

Chapter 7, Problem 7.101QE

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The element for the following orbital diagram has to be identified. Also, whether this orbital diagram is the ground state or excited state or impossible state of the atom has to be determined. If this orbital diagram is an excited state then the ground state orbital diagram has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

The electronic configuration is defined as the distribution of electrons in various atomic orbitals of the atom. The electrons that are present in an outermost orbital are known as valence electrons whereas those present in the orbitals with lower quantum numbers are called core electrons. Electrons are filled in orbitals in accordance with three rules: Aufbau principle, Hund’s rule, and Pauli’s exclusion principle. Aufbau principle states that electrons are filled in the orbitals from lower to higher energy level as follows:

1s<2s<2p<3s<3p<4s<3d<4p<5s<4d<5p<6s<4f<5d<6p<7s

Hund’s rule states that initially each orbital is singly occupied and then pairing occurs and Pauli’s exclusion principle states that the spin of two electrons in one orbital is always different.

If one or more electron is in higher allowed orbitals of the atom then this is known as excited state of the atom. The excited-state of an atom is shown by the orbital diagram. The orbital diagram is the way to show the distribution of electrons in an atom.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The element for the following orbital diagram has to be identified. Also, whether this orbital diagram is the ground state or excited state or impossible state of the atom has to be determined. If this orbital diagram is an excited state then the ground state orbital diagram has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The element for the following orbital diagram has to be identified. Also, whether this orbital diagram is the ground state or excited state or impossible state of the atom has to be determined. If this orbital diagram is an excited state then the ground state orbital diagram has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The element for the following orbital diagram has to be identified. Also, whether this orbital diagram is the ground state or excited state or impossible state of the atom has to be determined. If this orbital diagram is an excited state then the ground state orbital diagram has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The element for the following orbital diagram has to be identified. Also, whether this orbital diagram is the ground state or excited state or impossible state of the atom has to be determined. If this orbital diagram is an excited state then the ground state orbital diagram has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

Answer 12

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The element for the following orbital diagram has to be identified. Also, whether this orbital diagram is the ground state or excited state or impossible state of the atom has to be determined. If this orbital diagram is an excited state then the ground state orbital diagram has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

Answer 13

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The element for the following orbital diagram has to be identified. Also, whether this orbital diagram is the ground state or excited state or impossible state of the atom has to be determined. If this orbital diagram is an excited state then the ground state orbital diagram has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

Answer 14

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Answer 25

Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.1QE Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.2QE Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.3QE Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.4QE Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.5QE Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.6QE Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.7QE Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.8QE Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.9QE Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.10QE

Solution Summary: The author explains that the element for the following orbital diagram has to be identified and whether it is the ground state or excited state of the atom.

Chapter 7 Solutions