1 Atoms 2 Measurement, Problem Solving And The Mole Concept 3 The Quantum-Mechanical Model Of The Atom 4 Periodic Properties Of The Elements 5 Molecules And Compounds 6 Chemical Bonding I: Drawing Lewis Structures And Determining Molecular Shapes 7 Chemical Bonding II: Valence Bond Theory And Molecualr Orbital Theory 8 Chemical Reactions And Chemical Quantities 9 Introduction To Solutions And Aqueous Reactions 10 Thermochemistry 11 Gases 12 Liquids, Solids, And Intermolecular Forces 13 Phase Diagram And Crystalline Solids 14 Solutions 15 Chemical Kinetics 16 Chemical Equilibrium 17 Acids And Bases 18 Aqueous Ionic Equilibrium 19 Free Energy And Thermodynamics 20 Electrochemistry 21 Radioactivity And Nuclear Chemistry 22 Organic Chemistry 23 Transition Metals And Coordination Compounds A1 The Units Of Measurement A2 Significant Figure Guidliness expand_more
Chapter Questions expand_more
Problem 1SAQ: Determine the hybridization about 0 in CH3OH. Problem 2SAQ: Determine the hybridization about C in H2CO. Problem 3SAQ: According to the valance bond theory, which kind of orbitals overlap to form P_Cl bomds in PCl5? Problem 4SAQ: Use molecular orbital theory to determine the bond order in C2. Problem 5SAQ: Use molecular orbital theory to predict which species has the strongest bond. Problem 6SAQ: Use molecular orbital theory to determine which molecule is diamagnetic. Problem 7SAQ: Which hybridization scheme occurs about nitrogen when nitrogen forms a double bond? Problem 8SAQ Problem 9SAQ Problem 10SAQ Problem 11SAQ: Which type of orbitals overlap to form the sigma bond between C and N in H — C N:? C(sp2)-N(p)... Problem 12SAQ Problem 1E Problem 2E: What is a chemical bond according to valence bond theory? Problem 3E: In valence bond theory, what determines the geometry of a molecule? Problem 4E: In valence bond theory, the interaction energy between the electrons and nucleus of one atom with... Problem 5E: What is hybridization? Why is hybridization necessary in valence bond theory? Problem 6E: How does hybridization of the atomic orbitals in the central atom of a molecule help lower the... Problem 7E: How is the number of hybrid orbitals related to the number of standard atomic orbitals that are... Problem 8E: Sketch each hybrid orbital sp sp2 sp3 sp3d sp3d2 Problem 9E Problem 10E: Name the hybridization scheme that corresponds to each electron geometry. linear trigonal planar... Problem 11E: What is a chemical bond according to molecular orbital theory? Problem 12E: Explain the difference between hybrid atomic orbitals in valence bond theory and LCAO molecular... Problem 13E: What is a bonding molecular orbital? Problem 14E Problem 15E: What is the role of wave interference in determining whether a molecular orbital is bonding or... Problem 16E Problem 17E Problem 18E Problem 19E Problem 20E Problem 21E Problem 22E: When applying molecular orbital theory to heteronuclear diatomic molecules, the atomic orbitals used... Problem 23E: In molecular orbital theory, what is a nonbonding orbital? Problem 24E: Write a short paragraph describing chemical bonding according to the Lewis model, valence bond... Problem 25E Problem 26E Problem 27E Problem 28E Problem 29E Problem 30E Problem 31E: The valence electron configurations of several atoms are shown below. How many bonds can each atom... Problem 32E: The valence electron configurations of several atoms are shown below. How many bonds can each atom... Problem 33E: Draw orbital diagrams (boxes with arrows in them) to represent the electron configurations—without... Problem 34E: Draw orbital diagrams (boxes with arrows in them) to represent the electron configurations—without... Problem 35E Problem 36E: Draw orbital diagrams (boxes with arrows in them) to represent the electron configurations of carbon... Problem 37E: Which hybridization scheme allows the formation of at least one bond? sp3, sp2, sp2d2 Problem 38E: Which hybridization scheme allows the central atom to form more than four bonds? sp3, sp3d, sp2 Problem 39E: Write a hybridization and bonding scheme for each molecule. Sketch the molecule, including... Problem 40E: Write a hybridization and bonding scheme for each molecule. Sketch the molecule, including... Problem 41E: Write a hybridization and bonding scheme for each molecule or ion. Sketch the structure, including... Problem 42E: Write a hybridization and bonding scheme for each molecule or ion. Sketch the structure, including... Problem 43E: Write a hybridization and bonding scheme for each molecule that contains more than one interior... Problem 44E: Write a hybridization and bonding scheme for each molecule that contains more than one interior... Problem 45E: Consider the structure of the amino acid alanine Indicate the hybridization about each interior... Problem 46E: Consider the structure of the amino acid aspartic acid Indicate the hybridization about each... Problem 47E: Sketch the bonding molecular orbital that results from the linear combination of two 1s orbitals.... Problem 48E: Sketch the antibonding molecular orbital that results from the linear combination of two 1s... Problem 49E: Draw an MO energy diagram and predict the bond order of Be2+ and Be2-. Do you expect these molecules... Problem 50E: Draw an MO energy diagram and predict the bond order of Li2+ and Li2-. Do you expect these molecules... Problem 51E: Sketch the bonding and antibonding molecular orbitals that result from linear combinations 2pxof the... Problem 52E: Sketch the bonding and antibonding molecular orbitals that result from linear combinations of the... Problem 53E: Using the molecular orbital energy ordenng for second-period homonuclear diatomic molecules in which... Problem 54E: Using the molecular orbital energy ordering for second-period homonuclear diatomic molecules in... Problem 55E: Apply molecular orbital theory to predict if each molecule or ion exists in relatively stable form.... Problem 56E: Apply molecular orbital theory to predict if each molecule or ion exists in a relatively stable form... Problem 57E: According to MO theory, which molecule or ion has the highest bond order? Highest bond energy?... Problem 58E: According to MO theory, which molecule or ion has the highest bond order? Highest bond energy?... Problem 59E: Draw an MO energy diagram for CO. (Use the energy ordering of O2) Predict the bond order and make a... Problem 60E: Draw an MO energy diagram for HCI. Predict the bond order and make a sketch of the lowest energy... Problem 61E Problem 62E Problem 63E Problem 64E Problem 65E Problem 66E Problem 67E: For each compound, draw the Lewis structure, determine the geometry using VSEPR theory, determine... Problem 68E: For each compound, draw the Lewis structure, determine the geometry using VSEPR theory, determine... Problem 69E: Amino acids are biological compounds that link together to form proteins, the workhorse molecules in... Problem 70E: The genetic code is based on four different bases with the structures shown here. Determine the... Problem 71E: The structure of caffeine, present in coffee and many soft drinks, is shown here. How many pi bonds... Problem 72E: The structure of acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) is shown here. How many pi bonds are present in... Problem 73E: Draw a molecular orbital energy diagram for CIF. (Assume that the (sporbitals are lower in energy... Problem 74E: Draw Lewis structures and MO diagrams for CN+, CN, and CN-. According to the Lewis model, which... Problem 75E: Bromine can form compounds or ions with any number of fluorine atoms from one to five. Write the... Problem 76E: The compound C3H4 has two double bonds. Describe its bonding and geometry, using a valence bond... Problem 77E: How many hybrid orbitals do we use to describe each molecule? N2O5 C2H5NO (4 C-H bonds and one O—H... Problem 78E Problem 79E: In VSEPR theory, which uses the Lewis model to determine molecular geometry, the trend of decreasing... Problem 80E: The resuts of a molecular orbital calculation for H 2 O are shown here Examine each of the orbitals... Problem 81E Problem 82E: cis-2-Butene isomerizes (changes its structure) to trans-2-butene via the reaction: If isomerization... Problem 83E: The ion CH5 + can form under very special high-energy conditions in the vapor phase in a mass... Problem 84E: Neither the VSEPR model nor the hybridization model is able to account for the experimental... Problem 85E Problem 86E: The most stable forms of the nonmetals in groups 4A, 5A, and 6A of the first period are molecules... Problem 87E: Consider the bond energies of three iodine halides: How might you use valence bond theory to help... Problem 88E: How many atomic orbitals form a set of sp3hybrid orbitals? A set of sp2hybrid orbitals? A set of sp... format_list_bulleted