The way by which given compound is synthesized from ethyne should be given. Concept Introduction: Lindlar catalyst: The catalyst is used for the hydrogenation of alkynes in a syn manner. This means both hydrogen are added on the same side across the triple bond and the product obtained will be a cis product. Sodium in liquid ammonia: The catalyst is used for the formation of trans alkenes from alkynes. Because of its more reactivity towards triple bonds, the reaction will stop at the formation of alkenes. P d / C : Hydrogenation can done using this catalyst and converts alkenes to alkanes. The addition will be a syn addition. Erythro isomer: In a Fischer Projection formula, if identical substituents are on the same side, then the isomer can be called as erythro. Threo isomer: In a Fischer projection formula, if identical substituents are on the different side, then the isomer can be called as threo. Meso compound: It is a symmetric compound which has the plane of symmetry. If there are two chirality centres and same set of four groups are attached on each chirality centre, then it can be called as meso compound.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 7, Problem 56P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The way by which given compound is synthesized from ethyne should be given.

Concept Introduction:

Lindlar catalyst: The catalyst is used for the hydrogenation of alkynes in a syn manner. This means both hydrogen are added on the same side across the triple bond and the product obtained will be a cis product.

Sodium in liquid ammonia: The catalyst is used for the formation of trans alkenes from alkynes. Because of its more reactivity towards triple bonds, the reaction will stop at the formation of alkenes.

Pd/C: Hydrogenation can done using this catalyst and converts alkenes to alkanes. The addition will be a syn addition.

Erythro isomer: In a Fischer Projection formula, if identical substituents are on the same side, then the isomer can be called as erythro.

Threo isomer: In a Fischer projection formula, if identical substituents are on the different side, then the isomer can be called as threo.

Meso compound: It is a symmetric compound which has the plane of symmetry. If there are two chirality centres and same set of four groups are attached on each chirality centre, then it can be called as meso compound.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The way by which given compound is synthesized from ethyne should be given.

Concept Introduction:

Lindlar catalyst: The catalyst is used for the hydrogenation of alkynes in a syn manner. This means both hydrogen are added on the same side across the triple bond and the product obtained will be a cis product.

Sodium in liquid ammonia: The catalyst is used for the formation of trans alkenes from alkynes. Because of its more reactivity towards triple bonds, the reaction will stop at the formation of alkenes.

Pd/C: Hydrogenation can done using this catalyst and converts alkenes to alkanes. The addition will be a syn addition.

Erythro isomer: In a Fischer Projection formula, if identical substituents are on the same side, then the isomer can be called as erythro.

Threo isomer: In a Fischer Projection formula, if identical substituents are on the different side, then the isomer can be called as threo.

Meso compound: It is a symmetric compound which has the plane of symmetry. If there are two chirality centres and same set of four groups are attached on each chirality centre, then it can be called as meso compound.

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4. Provide a clear arrow-pushing mechanism for each of the following reactions. Do not skip proton transfers, do not combine steps, and make sure your arrows are clear enough to be interpreted without ambiguity. a. 2. 1. LDA 3. H3O+ HO

b. H3C CH3 H3O+ ✓ H OH

2. Provide reagents/conditions to accomplish the following syntheses. More than one step is required in some cases. a. CH3

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 7, Problem 56P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The way by which given compound is synthesized from ethyne should be given.

Concept Introduction:

Lindlar catalyst: The catalyst is used for the hydrogenation of alkynes in a syn manner. This means both hydrogen are added on the same side across the triple bond and the product obtained will be a cis product.

Sodium in liquid ammonia: The catalyst is used for the formation of trans alkenes from alkynes. Because of its more reactivity towards triple bonds, the reaction will stop at the formation of alkenes.

Pd/C: Hydrogenation can done using this catalyst and converts alkenes to alkanes. The addition will be a syn addition.

Erythro isomer: In a Fischer Projection formula, if identical substituents are on the same side, then the isomer can be called as erythro.

Threo isomer: In a Fischer projection formula, if identical substituents are on the different side, then the isomer can be called as threo.

Meso compound: It is a symmetric compound which has the plane of symmetry. If there are two chirality centres and same set of four groups are attached on each chirality centre, then it can be called as meso compound.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The way by which given compound is synthesized from ethyne should be given.

Concept Introduction:

Lindlar catalyst: The catalyst is used for the hydrogenation of alkynes in a syn manner. This means both hydrogen are added on the same side across the triple bond and the product obtained will be a cis product.

Sodium in liquid ammonia: The catalyst is used for the formation of trans alkenes from alkynes. Because of its more reactivity towards triple bonds, the reaction will stop at the formation of alkenes.

Pd/C: Hydrogenation can done using this catalyst and converts alkenes to alkanes. The addition will be a syn addition.

Erythro isomer: In a Fischer Projection formula, if identical substituents are on the same side, then the isomer can be called as erythro.

Threo isomer: In a Fischer Projection formula, if identical substituents are on the different side, then the isomer can be called as threo.

Meso compound: It is a symmetric compound which has the plane of symmetry. If there are two chirality centres and same set of four groups are attached on each chirality centre, then it can be called as meso compound.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 7, Problem 56P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The way by which given compound is synthesized from ethyne should be given.

Concept Introduction:

Lindlar catalyst: The catalyst is used for the hydrogenation of alkynes in a syn manner. This means both hydrogen are added on the same side across the triple bond and the product obtained will be a cis product.

Sodium in liquid ammonia: The catalyst is used for the formation of trans alkenes from alkynes. Because of its more reactivity towards triple bonds, the reaction will stop at the formation of alkenes.

Pd/C: Hydrogenation can done using this catalyst and converts alkenes to alkanes. The addition will be a syn addition.

Erythro isomer: In a Fischer Projection formula, if identical substituents are on the same side, then the isomer can be called as erythro.

Threo isomer: In a Fischer projection formula, if identical substituents are on the different side, then the isomer can be called as threo.

Meso compound: It is a symmetric compound which has the plane of symmetry. If there are two chirality centres and same set of four groups are attached on each chirality centre, then it can be called as meso compound.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The way by which given compound is synthesized from ethyne should be given.

Concept Introduction:

Lindlar catalyst: The catalyst is used for the hydrogenation of alkynes in a syn manner. This means both hydrogen are added on the same side across the triple bond and the product obtained will be a cis product.

Sodium in liquid ammonia: The catalyst is used for the formation of trans alkenes from alkynes. Because of its more reactivity towards triple bonds, the reaction will stop at the formation of alkenes.

Pd/C: Hydrogenation can done using this catalyst and converts alkenes to alkanes. The addition will be a syn addition.

Erythro isomer: In a Fischer Projection formula, if identical substituents are on the same side, then the isomer can be called as erythro.

Threo isomer: In a Fischer Projection formula, if identical substituents are on the different side, then the isomer can be called as threo.

Meso compound: It is a symmetric compound which has the plane of symmetry. If there are two chirality centres and same set of four groups are attached on each chirality centre, then it can be called as meso compound.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 7, Problem 56P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The way by which given compound is synthesized from ethyne should be given.

Concept Introduction:

Lindlar catalyst: The catalyst is used for the hydrogenation of alkynes in a syn manner. This means both hydrogen are added on the same side across the triple bond and the product obtained will be a cis product.

Sodium in liquid ammonia: The catalyst is used for the formation of trans alkenes from alkynes. Because of its more reactivity towards triple bonds, the reaction will stop at the formation of alkenes.

Pd/C: Hydrogenation can done using this catalyst and converts alkenes to alkanes. The addition will be a syn addition.

Erythro isomer: In a Fischer Projection formula, if identical substituents are on the same side, then the isomer can be called as erythro.

Threo isomer: In a Fischer projection formula, if identical substituents are on the different side, then the isomer can be called as threo.

Meso compound: It is a symmetric compound which has the plane of symmetry. If there are two chirality centres and same set of four groups are attached on each chirality centre, then it can be called as meso compound.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The way by which given compound is synthesized from ethyne should be given.

Concept Introduction:

Lindlar catalyst: The catalyst is used for the hydrogenation of alkynes in a syn manner. This means both hydrogen are added on the same side across the triple bond and the product obtained will be a cis product.

Sodium in liquid ammonia: The catalyst is used for the formation of trans alkenes from alkynes. Because of its more reactivity towards triple bonds, the reaction will stop at the formation of alkenes.

Pd/C: Hydrogenation can done using this catalyst and converts alkenes to alkanes. The addition will be a syn addition.

Erythro isomer: In a Fischer Projection formula, if identical substituents are on the same side, then the isomer can be called as erythro.

Threo isomer: In a Fischer Projection formula, if identical substituents are on the different side, then the isomer can be called as threo.

Meso compound: It is a symmetric compound which has the plane of symmetry. If there are two chirality centres and same set of four groups are attached on each chirality centre, then it can be called as meso compound.

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Answer 5

Chapter 7, Problem 56P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The way by which given compound is synthesized from ethyne should be given.

Concept Introduction:

Lindlar catalyst: The catalyst is used for the hydrogenation of alkynes in a syn manner. This means both hydrogen are added on the same side across the triple bond and the product obtained will be a cis product.

Sodium in liquid ammonia: The catalyst is used for the formation of trans alkenes from alkynes. Because of its more reactivity towards triple bonds, the reaction will stop at the formation of alkenes.

Pd/C: Hydrogenation can done using this catalyst and converts alkenes to alkanes. The addition will be a syn addition.

Erythro isomer: In a Fischer Projection formula, if identical substituents are on the same side, then the isomer can be called as erythro.

Threo isomer: In a Fischer projection formula, if identical substituents are on the different side, then the isomer can be called as threo.

Meso compound: It is a symmetric compound which has the plane of symmetry. If there are two chirality centres and same set of four groups are attached on each chirality centre, then it can be called as meso compound.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The way by which given compound is synthesized from ethyne should be given.

Concept Introduction:

Lindlar catalyst: The catalyst is used for the hydrogenation of alkynes in a syn manner. This means both hydrogen are added on the same side across the triple bond and the product obtained will be a cis product.

Sodium in liquid ammonia: The catalyst is used for the formation of trans alkenes from alkynes. Because of its more reactivity towards triple bonds, the reaction will stop at the formation of alkenes.

Pd/C: Hydrogenation can done using this catalyst and converts alkenes to alkanes. The addition will be a syn addition.

Erythro isomer: In a Fischer Projection formula, if identical substituents are on the same side, then the isomer can be called as erythro.

Threo isomer: In a Fischer Projection formula, if identical substituents are on the different side, then the isomer can be called as threo.

Meso compound: It is a symmetric compound which has the plane of symmetry. If there are two chirality centres and same set of four groups are attached on each chirality centre, then it can be called as meso compound.

Answer 6

Chapter 7, Problem 56P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The way by which given compound is synthesized from ethyne should be given.

Concept Introduction:

Lindlar catalyst: The catalyst is used for the hydrogenation of alkynes in a syn manner. This means both hydrogen are added on the same side across the triple bond and the product obtained will be a cis product.

Sodium in liquid ammonia: The catalyst is used for the formation of trans alkenes from alkynes. Because of its more reactivity towards triple bonds, the reaction will stop at the formation of alkenes.

Pd/C: Hydrogenation can done using this catalyst and converts alkenes to alkanes. The addition will be a syn addition.

Erythro isomer: In a Fischer Projection formula, if identical substituents are on the same side, then the isomer can be called as erythro.

Threo isomer: In a Fischer projection formula, if identical substituents are on the different side, then the isomer can be called as threo.

Meso compound: It is a symmetric compound which has the plane of symmetry. If there are two chirality centres and same set of four groups are attached on each chirality centre, then it can be called as meso compound.

Answer 7

Chapter 7, Problem 56P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The way by which given compound is synthesized from ethyne should be given.

Concept Introduction:

Lindlar catalyst: The catalyst is used for the hydrogenation of alkynes in a syn manner. This means both hydrogen are added on the same side across the triple bond and the product obtained will be a cis product.

Sodium in liquid ammonia: The catalyst is used for the formation of trans alkenes from alkynes. Because of its more reactivity towards triple bonds, the reaction will stop at the formation of alkenes.

Pd/C: Hydrogenation can done using this catalyst and converts alkenes to alkanes. The addition will be a syn addition.

Erythro isomer: In a Fischer Projection formula, if identical substituents are on the same side, then the isomer can be called as erythro.

Threo isomer: In a Fischer projection formula, if identical substituents are on the different side, then the isomer can be called as threo.

Meso compound: It is a symmetric compound which has the plane of symmetry. If there are two chirality centres and same set of four groups are attached on each chirality centre, then it can be called as meso compound.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The way by which given compound is synthesized from ethyne should be given.

Concept Introduction:

Lindlar catalyst: The catalyst is used for the hydrogenation of alkynes in a syn manner. This means both hydrogen are added on the same side across the triple bond and the product obtained will be a cis product.

Sodium in liquid ammonia: The catalyst is used for the formation of trans alkenes from alkynes. Because of its more reactivity towards triple bonds, the reaction will stop at the formation of alkenes.

Pd/C: Hydrogenation can done using this catalyst and converts alkenes to alkanes. The addition will be a syn addition.

Erythro isomer: In a Fischer Projection formula, if identical substituents are on the same side, then the isomer can be called as erythro.

Threo isomer: In a Fischer Projection formula, if identical substituents are on the different side, then the isomer can be called as threo.

Meso compound: It is a symmetric compound which has the plane of symmetry. If there are two chirality centres and same set of four groups are attached on each chirality centre, then it can be called as meso compound.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The way by which given compound is synthesized from ethyne should be given.

Concept Introduction:

Lindlar catalyst: The catalyst is used for the hydrogenation of alkynes in a syn manner. This means both hydrogen are added on the same side across the triple bond and the product obtained will be a cis product.

Sodium in liquid ammonia: The catalyst is used for the formation of trans alkenes from alkynes. Because of its more reactivity towards triple bonds, the reaction will stop at the formation of alkenes.

Pd/C: Hydrogenation can done using this catalyst and converts alkenes to alkanes. The addition will be a syn addition.

Erythro isomer: In a Fischer Projection formula, if identical substituents are on the same side, then the isomer can be called as erythro.

Threo isomer: In a Fischer Projection formula, if identical substituents are on the different side, then the isomer can be called as threo.

Meso compound: It is a symmetric compound which has the plane of symmetry. If there are two chirality centres and same set of four groups are attached on each chirality centre, then it can be called as meso compound.

Answer 10

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Answer 12

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Answer 13

Ch. 7.1 - What is the molecular formula for a monocyclic...Ch. 7.1 - Prob. 2P Ch. 7.1 - Draw the structure and give the common and...Ch. 7.1 - Prob. 4P Ch. 7.1 - Name the following:Ch. 7.2 - Prob. 6P Ch. 7.2 - Name the following:Ch. 7.3 - Prob. 8P Ch. 7.3 - Why does cis-2-butene have a higher boiling point...Ch. 7.4 - What orbitals are used to form the carbon-carbon ...

Solution Summary: The author explains the way by which a compound is synthesized from ethyne.

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