Chapter 7, Problem 53QAP

Identify each of the following unbalanced reaction equations as belonging to one or more of the following categories: precipitation, acid—base, or oxidation—reduction.

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Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

To complete and balance the given combustion reaction.

Concept Introduction:

A balanced chemical equation is an equation that contains same number of atoms as well as of each element of reactants and products of reaction.

For example, the reaction between lead sulphide and oxygen is as follows:

$\begin{array}{l}2\text{P}\text{b}\text{S}+\text{ 3 }{\text{O}}_2\to 2\text{P}\text{b}\text{O}+2\text{S}{\text{O}}_2\\ \text{ Reactants Products}\end{array}$

Oxidation-reduction reaction is known as redox reaction. In these types of reaction one reactant is oxidized and another is reduced.

Oxidation: Oxidation is a process in which either 1 or all following changes occurs:

• Gaining of oxygen atoms.
• Loss of electrons.
• Loss of hydrogen atom.

Increasing oxidation number.

Reduction: Reduction is a process in which either 1 or all following changes occurs:

• Loss of oxygen atoms.
• Gaining of electrons.
• Gaining of hydrogen atom.

Decreasing oxidation number.

Precipitation reaction means formation of solids or formation of any Precipitate; when solutions of two ionic substances are mixed and any solid will forms in the solution mixture, the reaction is known as Precipitation reaction. The reaction of barium hydroxide and sodium sulphate is an example of precipitate reaction, where barium sulphate a precipitate is formed as follows:

$\text{B}\text{a}{(\text{O}\text{H})}_2(aq)+\text{N}{\text{a}}_2\text{S}{\text{O}}_4(aq)\to \text{B}\text{a}\text{S}{\text{O}}_4(s)\downarrow +2\text{N}\text{a}\text{O}\text{H}(aq)$

When an acid is reacted with base creating water or solvent and an ionic salt, the reaction is known as Acid-base neutralization reaction for example the reaction of strong acid, hydrochloric acid with strong base sodium hydroxide is as follows:

$\text{N}\text{a}\text{O}\text{H}(aq)+\text{H}\text{C}\text{l}(aq)\to \text{N}\text{a}\text{C}\text{l}(aq)+{\text{H}}_2\text{O}(l)$.

Answer to Problem 53QAP

The given reaction is an example of precipitation reaction.

Explanation of Solution

Given:

${\text{K}}_2\text{S}{\text{O}}_4(aq)+\text{B}\text{a}{(\text{N}{\text{O}}_3)}_2(aq)\to \text{K}\text{N}{\text{O}}_3(aq)+\text{B}\text{a}\text{S}{\text{O}}_4(s)$

The balance reaction is as follows:

${\text{K}}_2\text{S}{\text{O}}_4(aq)+\text{B}\text{a}{(\text{N}{\text{O}}_3)}_2(aq)\to 2\text{K}\text{N}{\text{O}}_3(aq)+\text{B}\text{a}\text{S}{\text{O}}_4(s)$

This is an example of precipitation reaction because here a solid $\text{B}\text{a}\text{S}{\text{O}}_4(s)$ will form.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

To complete and balance the given combustion reaction.

Concept Introduction:

A balanced chemical equation is an equation that contains same number of atoms as well as of each element of reactants and products of reaction.

For example, the reaction between lead sulphide and oxygen is as follows:

$\begin{array}{l}2\text{P}\text{b}\text{S}+\text{ 3 }{\text{O}}_2\to 2\text{P}\text{b}\text{O}+2\text{S}{\text{O}}_2\\ \text{ Reactants Products}\end{array}$

Oxidation-reduction reaction is known as redox reaction. In these types of reaction one reactant is oxidized and another is reduced.

Oxidation: Oxidation is a process in which either 1 or all following changes occurs:

• Gaining of oxygen atoms.
• Loss of electrons.
• Loss of hydrogen atom.

Increasing oxidation number.

Reduction: Reduction is a process in which either 1 or all following changes occurs:

• Loss of oxygen atoms.
• Gaining of electrons.
• Gaining of hydrogen atom.

Decreasing oxidation number.

Precipitation reaction means formation of solids or formation of any Precipitate; when solutions of two ionic substances are mixed and any solid will forms in the solution mixture, the reaction is known as Precipitation reaction. The reaction of barium hydroxide and sodium sulphate is an example of precipitate reaction, where barium sulphate a precipitate is formed as follows:

$\text{B}\text{a}{(\text{O}\text{H})}_2(aq)+\text{N}{\text{a}}_2\text{S}{\text{O}}_4(aq)\to \text{B}\text{a}\text{S}{\text{O}}_4(s)\downarrow +2\text{N}\text{a}\text{O}\text{H}(aq)$

When an acid is reacted with base creating water or solvent and an ionic salt, the reaction is known as Acid-base neutralization reaction for example the reaction of strong acid, hydrochloric acid with strong base sodium hydroxide is as follows:

$\text{N}\text{a}\text{O}\text{H}(aq)+\text{H}\text{C}\text{l}(aq)\to \text{N}\text{a}\text{C}\text{l}(aq)+{\text{H}}_2\text{O}(l)$.

Answer to Problem 53QAP

The given reaction is an example of oxidation-reduction reaction.

Explanation of Solution

Given:

$\text{H}\text{C}\text{l}(aq)+\text{Z}\text{n}(s)\to \text{Z}\text{n}\text{C}{\text{l}}_2(aq)+{\text{H}}_2(g)$

The balance reaction is as follows:

$2\text{H}\text{C}\text{l}(aq)+\text{Z}\text{n}(s)\to \text{Z}\text{n}\text{C}{\text{l}}_2(aq)+{\text{H}}_2(g)$

This is an example of oxidation −reduction reaction because in the above reaction oxidation number changed.

$\begin{array}{l}\text{H}\text{C}\text{l}(aq)+\text{Z}\text{n}(s)\to \text{Z}\text{n}\text{C}{\text{l}}_2(aq)+{\text{H}}_2(g)\\ \text{O}.\text{N}.\text{ +1 0 }+2\text{ 0}\end{array}$.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

To complete and balance the given combustion reaction.

Concept Introduction:

A balanced chemical equation is an equation that contains same number of atoms as well as of each element of reactants and products of reaction.

For example, the reaction between lead sulphide and oxygen is as follows:

$\begin{array}{l}2\text{P}\text{b}\text{S}+\text{ 3 }{\text{O}}_2\to 2\text{P}\text{b}\text{O}+2\text{S}{\text{O}}_2\\ \text{ Reactants Products}\end{array}$

Oxidation-reduction reaction is known as redox reaction. In these types of reaction one reactant is oxidized and another is reduced.

Oxidation: Oxidation is a process in which either 1 or all following changes occurs:

• Gaining of oxygen atoms.
• Loss of electrons.
• Loss of hydrogen atom.

Increasing oxidation number.

Reduction: Reduction is a process in which either 1 or all following changes occurs:

• Loss of oxygen atoms.
• Gaining of electrons.
• Gaining of hydrogen atom.

Decreasing oxidation number.

Precipitation reaction means formation of solids or formation of any Precipitate; when solutions of two ionic substances are mixed and any solid will forms in the solution mixture, the reaction is known as Precipitation reaction. The reaction of barium hydroxide and sodium sulphate is an example of precipitate reaction, where barium sulphate a precipitate is formed as follows:

$\text{B}\text{a}{(\text{O}\text{H})}_2(aq)+\text{N}{\text{a}}_2\text{S}{\text{O}}_4(aq)\to \text{B}\text{a}\text{S}{\text{O}}_4(s)\downarrow +2\text{N}\text{a}\text{O}\text{H}(aq)$

When an acid is reacted with base creating water or solvent and an ionic salt, the reaction is known as Acid-base neutralization reaction for example the reaction of strong acid, hydrochloric acid with strong base sodium hydroxide is as follows:

$\text{N}\text{a}\text{O}\text{H}(aq)+\text{H}\text{C}\text{l}(aq)\to \text{N}\text{a}\text{C}\text{l}(aq)+{\text{H}}_2\text{O}(l)$

The given reaction is an example of precipitation reaction.

Given:

$\text{A}\text{g}\text{N}{\text{O}}_3(aq)+\text{H}\text{C}\text{l}(aq)\to \text{H}\text{N}{\text{O}}_3(aq)+\text{A}\text{g}\text{C}\text{l}(s)$

The balance reaction is as follows:

$\text{A}\text{g}\text{N}{\text{O}}_3(aq)+\text{H}\text{C}\text{l}(aq)\to \text{H}\text{N}{\text{O}}_3(aq)+\text{A}\text{g}\text{C}\text{l}(s)$

This is an example of precipitation reaction because here a solid $\text{A}\text{g}\text{C}\text{l}(s)$ will form.

(d)

Interpretation:

To complete and balance the given combustion reaction.

Concept Introduction:

A balanced chemical equation is an equation that contains same number of atoms as well as of each element of reactants and products of reaction.

For example, the reaction between lead sulphide and oxygen is as follows:

$\begin{array}{l}2\text{P}\text{b}\text{S}+\text{ 3 }{\text{O}}_2\to 2\text{P}\text{b}\text{O}+2\text{S}{\text{O}}_2\\ \text{ Reactants Products}\end{array}$

Oxidation-reduction reaction is known as redox reaction. In these types of reaction one reactant is oxidized and another is reduced.

Oxidation: Oxidation is a process in which either 1 or all following changes occurs:

• Gaining of oxygen atoms.
• Loss of electrons.
• Loss of hydrogen atom.

Increasing oxidation number.

Reduction: Reduction is a process in which either 1 or all following changes occurs:

• Loss of oxygen atoms.
• Gaining of electrons.
• Gaining of hydrogen atom.

Decreasing oxidation number.

Precipitation reaction means formation of solids or formation of any Precipitate; when solutions of two ionic substances are mixed and any solid will forms in the solution mixture, the reaction is known as Precipitation reaction. The reaction of barium hydroxide and sodium sulphate is an example of precipitate reaction, where barium sulphate a precipitate is formed as follows:

$\text{B}\text{a}{(\text{O}\text{H})}_2(aq)+\text{N}{\text{a}}_2\text{S}{\text{O}}_4(aq)\to \text{B}\text{a}\text{S}{\text{O}}_4(s)\downarrow +2\text{N}\text{a}\text{O}\text{H}(aq)$

When an acid is reacted with base creating water or solvent and an ionic salt, the reaction is known as Acid-base neutralization reaction for example the reaction of strong acid, hydrochloric acid with strong base sodium hydroxide is as follows:

$\text{N}\text{a}\text{O}\text{H}(aq)+\text{H}\text{C}\text{l}(aq)\to \text{N}\text{a}\text{C}\text{l}(aq)+{\text{H}}_2\text{O}(l)$.

The given reaction is an example of acid -base reaction.

Given:

$\text{H}\text{C}\text{l}(aq)+\text{K}\text{O}\text{H}(aq)\to \text{K}\text{C}\text{l}(aq)+{\text{H}}_2\text{O}(l)$

The balance reaction is as follows:

$\text{H}\text{C}\text{l}(aq)+\text{K}\text{O}\text{H}(aq)\to \text{K}\text{C}\text{l}(aq)+{\text{H}}_2\text{O}(l)$

This is an example of acid −base or neutralization reaction because here salt and water will form.

$\begin{array}{l}\text{H}\text{C}\text{l}(aq)+\text{K}\text{O}\text{H}(aq)\to \text{K}\text{C}\text{l}(aq)+{\text{H}}_2\text{O}(l)\\ \text{Acid Base Salt Water}\end{array}$.

(e)

Interpretation:

To complete and balance the given combustion reaction.

Concept Introduction:

A balanced chemical equation is an equation that contains same number of atoms as well as of each element of reactants and products of reaction.

For example, the reaction between lead sulphide and oxygen is as follows:

$\begin{array}{l}2\text{P}\text{b}\text{S}+\text{ 3 }{\text{O}}_2\to 2\text{P}\text{b}\text{O}+2\text{S}{\text{O}}_2\\ \text{ Reactants Products}\end{array}$

Oxidation-reduction reaction is known as redox reaction. In these types of reaction one reactant is oxidized and another is reduced.

Oxidation: Oxidation is a process in which either 1 or all following changes occurs:

• Gaining of oxygen atoms.
• Loss of electrons.
• Loss of hydrogen atom.

Increasing oxidation number.

Reduction: Reduction is a process in which either 1 or all following changes occurs:

• Loss of oxygen atoms.
• Gaining of electrons.
• Gaining of hydrogen atom.

Decreasing oxidation number.

Precipitation reaction means formation of solids or formation of any Precipitate; when solutions of two ionic substances are mixed and any solid will forms in the solution mixture, the reaction is known as Precipitation reaction. The reaction of barium hydroxide and sodium sulphate is an example of precipitate reaction, where barium sulphate a precipitate is formed as follows:

$\text{B}\text{a}{(\text{O}\text{H})}_2(aq)+\text{N}{\text{a}}_2\text{S}{\text{O}}_4(aq)\to \text{B}\text{a}\text{S}{\text{O}}_4(s)\downarrow +2\text{N}\text{a}\text{O}\text{H}(aq)$

When an acid is reacted with base creating water or solvent and an ionic salt, the reaction is known as Acid-base neutralization reaction for example the reaction of strong acid, hydrochloric acid with strong base sodium hydroxide is as follows:

$\text{N}\text{a}\text{O}\text{H}(aq)+\text{H}\text{C}\text{l}(aq)\to \text{N}\text{a}\text{C}\text{l}(aq)+{\text{H}}_2\text{O}(l)$.

The given reaction is an example of oxidation-reduction reaction.

Given:

$\text{C}\text{u}\text{S}{\text{O}}_4(aq)+\text{Z}\text{n}(s)\to \text{Z}\text{n}\text{S}{\text{O}}_4(aq)+\text{C}\text{u}(s)$

The balance reaction is as follows:

$\text{C}\text{u}\text{S}{\text{O}}_4(aq)+\text{Z}\text{n}(s)\to \text{Z}\text{n}\text{S}{\text{O}}_4(aq)+\text{C}\text{u}(s)$

This is an example of oxidation −reduction reaction because in the above reaction oxidation number changed.

$\begin{array}{l}\text{C}\text{u}\text{S}{\text{O}}_4(aq)+\text{Z}\text{n}(s)\to \text{Z}\text{n}\text{S}{\text{O}}_4(aq)+\text{C}\text{u}(s)\\ \text{O}.\text{N}.\text{ +2 0 }+2\text{ 0}\end{array}$.

(f)

Interpretation:

To complete and balance the given combustion reaction.

Concept Introduction:

A balanced chemical equation is an equation that contains same number of atoms as well as of each element of reactants and products of reaction.

For example, the reaction between lead sulphide and oxygen is as follows:

$\begin{array}{l}2\text{P}\text{b}\text{S}+\text{ 3 }{\text{O}}_2\to 2\text{P}\text{b}\text{O}+2\text{S}{\text{O}}_2\\ \text{ Reactants Products}\end{array}$

Oxidation-reduction reaction is known as redox reaction. In these types of reaction one reactant is oxidized and another is reduced.

Oxidation: Oxidation is a process in which either 1 or all following changes occurs:

• Gaining of oxygen atoms.
• Loss of electrons.
• Loss of hydrogen atom.

Increasing oxidation number.

Reduction: Reduction is a process in which either 1 or all following changes occurs:

• Loss of oxygen atoms.
• Gaining of electrons.
• Gaining of hydrogen atom.

Decreasing oxidation number.

Precipitation reaction means formation of solids or formation of any Precipitate; when solutions of two ionic substances are mixed and any solid will forms in the solution mixture, the reaction is known as Precipitation reaction. The reaction of barium hydroxide and sodium sulphate is an example of precipitate reaction, where barium sulphate a precipitate is formed as follows:

$\text{B}\text{a}{(\text{O}\text{H})}_2(aq)+\text{N}{\text{a}}_2\text{S}{\text{O}}_4(aq)\to \text{B}\text{a}\text{S}{\text{O}}_4(s)\downarrow +2\text{N}\text{a}\text{O}\text{H}(aq)$

When an acid is reacted with base creating water or solvent and an ionic salt, the reaction is known as Acid-base neutralization reaction for example the reaction of strong acid, hydrochloric acid with strong base sodium hydroxide is as follows:

$\text{N}\text{a}\text{O}\text{H}(aq)+\text{H}\text{C}\text{l}(aq)\to \text{N}\text{a}\text{C}\text{l}(aq)+{\text{H}}_2\text{O}(l)$.

The given reaction is an example of acid -base reaction.

Given:

$\text{N}\text{a}{\text{H}}_2\text{P}{\text{O}}_4(aq)+\text{N}\text{a}\text{O}\text{H}(aq)\to \text{N}{\text{a}}_3\text{P}{\text{O}}_4(aq)(aq)+{\text{H}}_2\text{O}(l)$

The balance reaction is as follows:

$\text{N}\text{a}{\text{H}}_2\text{P}{\text{O}}_4(aq)+2\text{N}\text{a}\text{O}\text{H}(aq)\to \text{N}{\text{a}}_3\text{P}{\text{O}}_4(aq)(aq)+2{\text{H}}_2\text{O}(l)$

This is an example of acid −base or neutralization reaction because here salt and water will form.

$\begin{array}{l}\text{N}\text{a}{\text{H}}_2\text{P}{\text{O}}_4(aq)+2\text{N}\text{a}\text{O}\text{H}(aq)\to \text{N}{\text{a}}_3\text{P}{\text{O}}_4(aq)(aq)+2{\text{H}}_2\text{O}(l)\\ \text{Acid Base Salt Water}\end{array}$.

(g)

Interpretation:

To complete and balance the given combustion reaction.

Concept Introduction:

A balanced chemical equation is an equation that contains same number of atoms as well as of each element of reactants and products of reaction.

For example, the reaction between lead sulphide and oxygen is as follows:

$\begin{array}{l}2\text{P}\text{b}\text{S}+\text{ 3 }{\text{O}}_2\to 2\text{P}\text{b}\text{O}+2\text{S}{\text{O}}_2\\ \text{ Reactants Products}\end{array}$

Oxidation-reduction reaction is known as redox reaction. In these types of reaction one reactant is oxidized and another is reduced.

Oxidation: Oxidation is a process in which either 1 or all following changes occurs:

• Gaining of oxygen atoms.
• Loss of electrons.
• Loss of hydrogen atom.

Increasing oxidation number.

Reduction: Reduction is a process in which either 1 or all following changes occurs:

• Loss of oxygen atoms.
• Gaining of electrons.
• Gaining of hydrogen atom.

Decreasing oxidation number.

Precipitation reaction means formation of solids or formation of any Precipitate; when solutions of two ionic substances are mixed and any solid will forms in the solution mixture, the reaction is known as Precipitation reaction. The reaction of barium hydroxide and sodium sulphate is an example of precipitate reaction, where barium sulphate a precipitate is formed as follows:

$\text{B}\text{a}{(\text{O}\text{H})}_2(aq)+\text{N}{\text{a}}_2\text{S}{\text{O}}_4(aq)\to \text{B}\text{a}\text{S}{\text{O}}_4(s)\downarrow +2\text{N}\text{a}\text{O}\text{H}(aq)$

When an acid is reacted with base creating water or solvent and an ionic salt, the reaction is known as Acid-base neutralization reaction for example the reaction of strong acid, hydrochloric acid with strong base sodium hydroxide is as follows:

$\text{N}\text{a}\text{O}\text{H}(aq)+\text{H}\text{C}\text{l}(aq)\to \text{N}\text{a}\text{C}\text{l}(aq)+{\text{H}}_2\text{O}(l)$.

The given reaction is an example of acid -base reaction.

Given:

${\text{H}}_2\text{S}{\text{O}}_4(aq)+\text{C}\text{a}{(\text{O}\text{H})}_2(aq)\to \text{C}\text{a}\text{S}{\text{O}}_4(aq)+{\text{H}}_2\text{O}(l)$

The balance reaction is as follows:

${\text{H}}_2\text{S}{\text{O}}_4(aq)+\text{C}\text{a}{(\text{O}\text{H})}_2(aq)\to \text{C}\text{a}\text{S}{\text{O}}_4(aq)+2{\text{H}}_2\text{O}(l)$

This is an example of acid −base or neutralization reaction because here salt and water will form.

$\begin{array}{l}{\text{H}}_2\text{S}{\text{O}}_4(aq)+\text{C}\text{a}{(}_{\text{O}}(aq)\to \text{C}\text{a}\text{S}{\text{O}}_4(aq)+2{\text{H}}_2\text{O}(l)\\ \text{Acid Base Salt Water}\end{array}$.

(h)

Interpretation:

To complete and balance the given combustion reaction.

Concept Introduction:

A balanced chemical equation is an equation that contains same number of atoms as well as of each element of reactants and products of reaction.

For example, the reaction between lead sulphide and oxygen is as follows:

$\begin{array}{l}2\text{P}\text{b}\text{S}+\text{ 3 }{\text{O}}_2\to 2\text{P}\text{b}\text{O}+2\text{S}{\text{O}}_2\\ \text{ Reactants Products}\end{array}$

Oxidation-reduction reaction is known as redox reaction. In these types of reaction one reactant is oxidized and another is reduced.

Oxidation: Oxidation is a process in which either 1 or all following changes occurs:

• Gaining of oxygen atoms.
• Loss of electrons.
• Loss of hydrogen atom.

Increasing oxidation number.

Reduction: Reduction is a process in which either 1 or all following changes occurs:

• Loss of oxygen atoms.
• Gaining of electrons.
• Gaining of hydrogen atom.

Decreasing oxidation number.

Precipitation reaction means formation of solids or formation of any Precipitate; when solutions of two ionic substances are mixed and any solid will forms in the solution mixture, the reaction is known as Precipitation reaction. The reaction of barium hydroxide and sodium sulphate is an example of precipitate reaction, where barium sulphate a precipitate is formed as follows:

$\text{B}\text{a}{(\text{O}\text{H})}_2(aq)+\text{N}{\text{a}}_2\text{S}{\text{O}}_4(aq)\to \text{B}\text{a}\text{S}{\text{O}}_4(s)\downarrow +2\text{N}\text{a}\text{O}\text{H}(aq)$

When an acid is reacted with base creating water or solvent and an ionic salt, the reaction is known as Acid-base neutralization reaction for example the reaction of strong acid, hydrochloric acid with strong base sodium hydroxide is as follows:

$\text{N}\text{a}\text{O}\text{H}(aq)+\text{H}\text{C}\text{l}(aq)\to \text{N}\text{a}\text{C}\text{l}(aq)+{\text{H}}_2\text{O}(l)$.

The given reaction is an example of oxidation-reduction reaction.

Given:

$\text{Z}\text{n}\text{C}{\text{l}}_4(aq)+\text{M}\text{g}(s)\to \text{M}\text{g}\text{C}{\text{l}}_2(aq)+\text{Z}\text{n}(s)$

The balance reaction is as follows:

$\text{Z}\text{n}\text{C}{\text{l}}_4(aq)+\text{M}\text{g}(s)\to \text{M}\text{g}\text{C}{\text{l}}_2(aq)+\text{Z}\text{n}(s)$

This is an example of oxidation−reduction reaction because in the above reaction oxidation number changed.

$\begin{array}{l}\text{Z}\text{n}\text{C}{\text{l}}_4(aq)+\text{M}\text{g}(s)\to \text{M}\text{g}\text{C}{\text{l}}_2(aq)+\text{Z}\text{n}(s)\\ \text{O}.\text{N}.\text{ +2 0 }+2\text{ 0}\end{array}$.

i)

Interpretation:

To complete and balance the given combustion reaction.

Concept Introduction:

A balanced chemical equation is an equation that contains same number of atoms as well as of each element of reactants and products of reaction.

For example, the reaction between lead sulphide and oxygen is as follows:

$\begin{array}{l}2\text{P}\text{b}\text{S}+\text{ 3 }{\text{O}}_2\to 2\text{P}\text{b}\text{O}+2\text{S}{\text{O}}_2\\ \text{ Reactants Products}\end{array}$

Oxidation-reduction reaction is known as redox reaction. In these types of reaction one reactant is oxidized and another is reduced.

Oxidation: Oxidation is a process in which either 1 or all following changes occurs:

• Gaining of oxygen atoms.
• Loss of electrons.
• Loss of hydrogen atom.

Increasing oxidation number.

Reduction: Reduction is a process in which either 1 or all following changes occurs:

• Loss of oxygen atoms.
• Gaining of electrons.
• Gaining of hydrogen atom.

Decreasing oxidation number.

Precipitation reaction means formation of solids or formation of any Precipitate; when solutions of two ionic substances are mixed and any solid will forms in the solution mixture, the reaction is known as Precipitation reaction. The reaction of barium hydroxide and sodium sulphate is an example of precipitate reaction, where barium sulphate a precipitate is formed as follows:

$\text{B}\text{a}{(\text{O}\text{H})}_2(aq)+\text{N}{\text{a}}_2\text{S}{\text{O}}_4(aq)\to \text{B}\text{a}\text{S}{\text{O}}_4(s)\downarrow +2\text{N}\text{a}\text{O}\text{H}(aq)$

When an acid is reacted with base creating water or solvent and an ionic salt, the reaction is known as Acid-base neutralization reaction for example the reaction of strong acid, hydrochloric acid with strong base sodium hydroxide is as follows:

$\text{N}\text{a}\text{O}\text{H}(aq)+\text{H}\text{C}\text{l}(aq)\to \text{N}\text{a}\text{C}\text{l}(aq)+{\text{H}}_2\text{O}(l)$.

The given reaction is an example of precipitation reaction.

Given:

$\text{B}\text{a}\text{C}{\text{l}}_2(aq)+{\text{H}}_2\text{S}{\text{O}}_4(aq)\to \text{H}\text{C}\text{l}(aq)+\text{B}\text{a}\text{S}{\text{O}}_4(s)$

The balance reaction is as follows:

$\text{B}\text{a}\text{C}{\text{l}}_2(aq)+{\text{H}}_2\text{S}{\text{O}}_4(aq)\to \text{H}\text{C}\text{l}(aq)+\text{B}\text{a}\text{S}{\text{O}}_4(s)$

This is an example of precipitation reaction because here a solid $\text{B}\text{a}\text{S}{\text{O}}_4(s)$ will form.

Answer to Problem 53QAP

The given reaction is an example of precipitation reaction.

Given:

$\text{A}\text{g}\text{N}{\text{O}}_3(aq)+\text{H}\text{C}\text{l}(aq)\to \text{H}\text{N}{\text{O}}_3(aq)+\text{A}\text{g}\text{C}\text{l}(s)$

The balance reaction is as follows:

$\text{A}\text{g}\text{N}{\text{O}}_3(aq)+\text{H}\text{C}\text{l}(aq)\to \text{H}\text{N}{\text{O}}_3(aq)+\text{A}\text{g}\text{C}\text{l}(s)$

This is an example of precipitation reaction because here a solid $\text{A}\text{g}\text{C}\text{l}(s)$ will form.

(d)

Interpretation:

To complete and balance the given combustion reaction.

Concept Introduction:

A balanced chemical equation is an equation that contains same number of atoms as well as of each element of reactants and products of reaction.

For example, the reaction between lead sulphide and oxygen is as follows:

$\begin{array}{l}2\text{P}\text{b}\text{S}+\text{ 3 }{\text{O}}_2\to 2\text{P}\text{b}\text{O}+2\text{S}{\text{O}}_2\\ \text{ Reactants Products}\end{array}$

Oxidation-reduction reaction is known as redox reaction. In these types of reaction one reactant is oxidized and another is reduced.

Oxidation: Oxidation is a process in which either 1 or all following changes occurs:

• Gaining of oxygen atoms.
• Loss of electrons.
• Loss of hydrogen atom.

Increasing oxidation number.

Reduction: Reduction is a process in which either 1 or all following changes occurs:

• Loss of oxygen atoms.
• Gaining of electrons.
• Gaining of hydrogen atom.

Decreasing oxidation number.

Precipitation reaction means formation of solids or formation of any Precipitate; when solutions of two ionic substances are mixed and any solid will forms in the solution mixture, the reaction is known as Precipitation reaction. The reaction of barium hydroxide and sodium sulphate is an example of precipitate reaction, where barium sulphate a precipitate is formed as follows:

$\text{B}\text{a}{(\text{O}\text{H})}_2(aq)+\text{N}{\text{a}}_2\text{S}{\text{O}}_4(aq)\to \text{B}\text{a}\text{S}{\text{O}}_4(s)\downarrow +2\text{N}\text{a}\text{O}\text{H}(aq)$

When an acid is reacted with base creating water or solvent and an ionic salt, the reaction is known as Acid-base neutralization reaction for example the reaction of strong acid, hydrochloric acid with strong base sodium hydroxide is as follows:

$\text{N}\text{a}\text{O}\text{H}(aq)+\text{H}\text{C}\text{l}(aq)\to \text{N}\text{a}\text{C}\text{l}(aq)+{\text{H}}_2\text{O}(l)$.

The given reaction is an example of acid -base reaction.

Given:

$\text{H}\text{C}\text{l}(aq)+\text{K}\text{O}\text{H}(aq)\to \text{K}\text{C}\text{l}(aq)+{\text{H}}_2\text{O}(l)$

The balance reaction is as follows:

$\text{H}\text{C}\text{l}(aq)+\text{K}\text{O}\text{H}(aq)\to \text{K}\text{C}\text{l}(aq)+{\text{H}}_2\text{O}(l)$

This is an example of acid −base or neutralization reaction because here salt and water will form.

$\begin{array}{l}\text{H}\text{C}\text{l}(aq)+\text{K}\text{O}\text{H}(aq)\to \text{K}\text{C}\text{l}(aq)+{\text{H}}_2\text{O}(l)\\ \text{Acid Base Salt Water}\end{array}$.

(e)

Interpretation:

To complete and balance the given combustion reaction.

Concept Introduction:

A balanced chemical equation is an equation that contains same number of atoms as well as of each element of reactants and products of reaction.

For example, the reaction between lead sulphide and oxygen is as follows:

$\begin{array}{l}2\text{P}\text{b}\text{S}+\text{ 3 }{\text{O}}_2\to 2\text{P}\text{b}\text{O}+2\text{S}{\text{O}}_2\\ \text{ Reactants Products}\end{array}$

Oxidation-reduction reaction is known as redox reaction. In these types of reaction one reactant is oxidized and another is reduced.

Oxidation: Oxidation is a process in which either 1 or all following changes occurs:

• Gaining of oxygen atoms.
• Loss of electrons.
• Loss of hydrogen atom.

Increasing oxidation number.

Reduction: Reduction is a process in which either 1 or all following changes occurs:

• Loss of oxygen atoms.
• Gaining of electrons.
• Gaining of hydrogen atom.

Decreasing oxidation number.

Precipitation reaction means formation of solids or formation of any Precipitate; when solutions of two ionic substances are mixed and any solid will forms in the solution mixture, the reaction is known as Precipitation reaction. The reaction of barium hydroxide and sodium sulphate is an example of precipitate reaction, where barium sulphate a precipitate is formed as follows:

$\text{B}\text{a}{(\text{O}\text{H})}_2(aq)+\text{N}{\text{a}}_2\text{S}{\text{O}}_4(aq)\to \text{B}\text{a}\text{S}{\text{O}}_4(s)\downarrow +2\text{N}\text{a}\text{O}\text{H}(aq)$

When an acid is reacted with base creating water or solvent and an ionic salt, the reaction is known as Acid-base neutralization reaction for example the reaction of strong acid, hydrochloric acid with strong base sodium hydroxide is as follows:

$\text{N}\text{a}\text{O}\text{H}(aq)+\text{H}\text{C}\text{l}(aq)\to \text{N}\text{a}\text{C}\text{l}(aq)+{\text{H}}_2\text{O}(l)$.

The given reaction is an example of oxidation-reduction reaction.

Given:

$\text{C}\text{u}\text{S}{\text{O}}_4(aq)+\text{Z}\text{n}(s)\to \text{Z}\text{n}\text{S}{\text{O}}_4(aq)+\text{C}\text{u}(s)$

The balance reaction is as follows:

$\text{C}\text{u}\text{S}{\text{O}}_4(aq)+\text{Z}\text{n}(s)\to \text{Z}\text{n}\text{S}{\text{O}}_4(aq)+\text{C}\text{u}(s)$

This is an example of oxidation −reduction reaction because in the above reaction oxidation number changed.

$\begin{array}{l}\text{C}\text{u}\text{S}{\text{O}}_4(aq)+\text{Z}\text{n}(s)\to \text{Z}\text{n}\text{S}{\text{O}}_4(aq)+\text{C}\text{u}(s)\\ \text{O}.\text{N}.\text{ +2 0 }+2\text{ 0}\end{array}$.

(f)

Interpretation:

To complete and balance the given combustion reaction.

Concept Introduction:

A balanced chemical equation is an equation that contains same number of atoms as well as of each element of reactants and products of reaction.

For example, the reaction between lead sulphide and oxygen is as follows:

$\begin{array}{l}2\text{P}\text{b}\text{S}+\text{ 3 }{\text{O}}_2\to 2\text{P}\text{b}\text{O}+2\text{S}{\text{O}}_2\\ \text{ Reactants Products}\end{array}$

Oxidation-reduction reaction is known as redox reaction. In these types of reaction one reactant is oxidized and another is reduced.

Oxidation: Oxidation is a process in which either 1 or all following changes occurs:

• Gaining of oxygen atoms.
• Loss of electrons.
• Loss of hydrogen atom.

Increasing oxidation number.

Reduction: Reduction is a process in which either 1 or all following changes occurs:

• Loss of oxygen atoms.
• Gaining of electrons.
• Gaining of hydrogen atom.

Decreasing oxidation number.

Precipitation reaction means formation of solids or formation of any Precipitate; when solutions of two ionic substances are mixed and any solid will forms in the solution mixture, the reaction is known as Precipitation reaction. The reaction of barium hydroxide and sodium sulphate is an example of precipitate reaction, where barium sulphate a precipitate is formed as follows:

$\text{B}\text{a}{(\text{O}\text{H})}_2(aq)+\text{N}{\text{a}}_2\text{S}{\text{O}}_4(aq)\to \text{B}\text{a}\text{S}{\text{O}}_4(s)\downarrow +2\text{N}\text{a}\text{O}\text{H}(aq)$

When an acid is reacted with base creating water or solvent and an ionic salt, the reaction is known as Acid-base neutralization reaction for example the reaction of strong acid, hydrochloric acid with strong base sodium hydroxide is as follows:

$\text{N}\text{a}\text{O}\text{H}(aq)+\text{H}\text{C}\text{l}(aq)\to \text{N}\text{a}\text{C}\text{l}(aq)+{\text{H}}_2\text{O}(l)$.

The given reaction is an example of acid -base reaction.

Given:

$\text{N}\text{a}{\text{H}}_2\text{P}{\text{O}}_4(aq)+\text{N}\text{a}\text{O}\text{H}(aq)\to \text{N}{\text{a}}_3\text{P}{\text{O}}_4(aq)(aq)+{\text{H}}_2\text{O}(l)$

The balance reaction is as follows:

$\text{N}\text{a}{\text{H}}_2\text{P}{\text{O}}_4(aq)+2\text{N}\text{a}\text{O}\text{H}(aq)\to \text{N}{\text{a}}_3\text{P}{\text{O}}_4(aq)(aq)+2{\text{H}}_2\text{O}(l)$

This is an example of acid −base or neutralization reaction because here salt and water will form.

$\begin{array}{l}\text{N}\text{a}{\text{H}}_2\text{P}{\text{O}}_4(aq)+2\text{N}\text{a}\text{O}\text{H}(aq)\to \text{N}{\text{a}}_3\text{P}{\text{O}}_4(aq)(aq)+2{\text{H}}_2\text{O}(l)\\ \text{Acid Base Salt Water}\end{array}$.

(g)

Interpretation:

To complete and balance the given combustion reaction.

Concept Introduction:

A balanced chemical equation is an equation that contains same number of atoms as well as of each element of reactants and products of reaction.

For example, the reaction between lead sulphide and oxygen is as follows:

$\begin{array}{l}2\text{P}\text{b}\text{S}+\text{ 3 }{\text{O}}_2\to 2\text{P}\text{b}\text{O}+2\text{S}{\text{O}}_2\\ \text{ Reactants Products}\end{array}$

Oxidation-reduction reaction is known as redox reaction. In these types of reaction one reactant is oxidized and another is reduced.

Oxidation: Oxidation is a process in which either 1 or all following changes occurs:

• Gaining of oxygen atoms.
• Loss of electrons.
• Loss of hydrogen atom.

Increasing oxidation number.

Reduction: Reduction is a process in which either 1 or all following changes occurs:

• Loss of oxygen atoms.
• Gaining of electrons.
• Gaining of hydrogen atom.

Decreasing oxidation number.

Precipitation reaction means formation of solids or formation of any Precipitate; when solutions of two ionic substances are mixed and any solid will forms in the solution mixture, the reaction is known as Precipitation reaction. The reaction of barium hydroxide and sodium sulphate is an example of precipitate reaction, where barium sulphate a precipitate is formed as follows:

$\text{B}\text{a}{(\text{O}\text{H})}_2(aq)+\text{N}{\text{a}}_2\text{S}{\text{O}}_4(aq)\to \text{B}\text{a}\text{S}{\text{O}}_4(s)\downarrow +2\text{N}\text{a}\text{O}\text{H}(aq)$

When an acid is reacted with base creating water or solvent and an ionic salt, the reaction is known as Acid-base neutralization reaction for example the reaction of strong acid, hydrochloric acid with strong base sodium hydroxide is as follows:

$\text{N}\text{a}\text{O}\text{H}(aq)+\text{H}\text{C}\text{l}(aq)\to \text{N}\text{a}\text{C}\text{l}(aq)+{\text{H}}_2\text{O}(l)$.

The given reaction is an example of acid -base reaction.

Given:

${\text{H}}_2\text{S}{\text{O}}_4(aq)+\text{C}\text{a}{(\text{O}\text{H})}_2(aq)\to \text{C}\text{a}\text{S}{\text{O}}_4(aq)+{\text{H}}_2\text{O}(l)$

The balance reaction is as follows:

${\text{H}}_2\text{S}{\text{O}}_4(aq)+\text{C}\text{a}{(\text{O}\text{H})}_2(aq)\to \text{C}\text{a}\text{S}{\text{O}}_4(aq)+2{\text{H}}_2\text{O}(l)$

This is an example of acid −base or neutralization reaction because here salt and water will form.

$\begin{array}{l}{\text{H}}_2\text{S}{\text{O}}_4(aq)+\text{C}\text{a}{(}_{\text{O}}(aq)\to \text{C}\text{a}\text{S}{\text{O}}_4(aq)+2{\text{H}}_2\text{O}(l)\\ \text{Acid Base Salt Water}\end{array}$.

(h)

Interpretation:

To complete and balance the given combustion reaction.

Concept Introduction:

A balanced chemical equation is an equation that contains same number of atoms as well as of each element of reactants and products of reaction.

For example, the reaction between lead sulphide and oxygen is as follows:

$\begin{array}{l}2\text{P}\text{b}\text{S}+\text{ 3 }{\text{O}}_2\to 2\text{P}\text{b}\text{O}+2\text{S}{\text{O}}_2\\ \text{ Reactants Products}\end{array}$

Oxidation-reduction reaction is known as redox reaction. In these types of reaction one reactant is oxidized and another is reduced.

Oxidation: Oxidation is a process in which either 1 or all following changes occurs:

• Gaining of oxygen atoms.
• Loss of electrons.
• Loss of hydrogen atom.

Increasing oxidation number.

Reduction: Reduction is a process in which either 1 or all following changes occurs:

• Loss of oxygen atoms.
• Gaining of electrons.
• Gaining of hydrogen atom.

Decreasing oxidation number.

Precipitation reaction means formation of solids or formation of any Precipitate; when solutions of two ionic substances are mixed and any solid will forms in the solution mixture, the reaction is known as Precipitation reaction. The reaction of barium hydroxide and sodium sulphate is an example of precipitate reaction, where barium sulphate a precipitate is formed as follows:

$\text{B}\text{a}{(\text{O}\text{H})}_2(aq)+\text{N}{\text{a}}_2\text{S}{\text{O}}_4(aq)\to \text{B}\text{a}\text{S}{\text{O}}_4(s)\downarrow +2\text{N}\text{a}\text{O}\text{H}(aq)$

When an acid is reacted with base creating water or solvent and an ionic salt, the reaction is known as Acid-base neutralization reaction for example the reaction of strong acid, hydrochloric acid with strong base sodium hydroxide is as follows:

$\text{N}\text{a}\text{O}\text{H}(aq)+\text{H}\text{C}\text{l}(aq)\to \text{N}\text{a}\text{C}\text{l}(aq)+{\text{H}}_2\text{O}(l)$.

The given reaction is an example of oxidation-reduction reaction.

Given:

$\text{Z}\text{n}\text{C}{\text{l}}_4(aq)+\text{M}\text{g}(s)\to \text{M}\text{g}\text{C}{\text{l}}_2(aq)+\text{Z}\text{n}(s)$

The balance reaction is as follows:

$\text{Z}\text{n}\text{C}{\text{l}}_4(aq)+\text{M}\text{g}(s)\to \text{M}\text{g}\text{C}{\text{l}}_2(aq)+\text{Z}\text{n}(s)$

This is an example of oxidation−reduction reaction because in the above reaction oxidation number changed.

$\begin{array}{l}\text{Z}\text{n}\text{C}{\text{l}}_4(aq)+\text{M}\text{g}(s)\to \text{M}\text{g}\text{C}{\text{l}}_2(aq)+\text{Z}\text{n}(s)\\ \text{O}.\text{N}.\text{ +2 0 }+2\text{ 0}\end{array}$.

i)

Interpretation:

To complete and balance the given combustion reaction.

Concept Introduction:

A balanced chemical equation is an equation that contains same number of atoms as well as of each element of reactants and products of reaction.

For example, the reaction between lead sulphide and oxygen is as follows:

$\begin{array}{l}2\text{P}\text{b}\text{S}+\text{ 3 }{\text{O}}_2\to 2\text{P}\text{b}\text{O}+2\text{S}{\text{O}}_2\\ \text{ Reactants Products}\end{array}$

Oxidation-reduction reaction is known as redox reaction. In these types of reaction one reactant is oxidized and another is reduced.

Oxidation: Oxidation is a process in which either 1 or all following changes occurs:

• Gaining of oxygen atoms.
• Loss of electrons.
• Loss of hydrogen atom.

Increasing oxidation number.

Reduction: Reduction is a process in which either 1 or all following changes occurs:

• Loss of oxygen atoms.
• Gaining of electrons.
• Gaining of hydrogen atom.

Decreasing oxidation number.

Precipitation reaction means formation of solids or formation of any Precipitate; when solutions of two ionic substances are mixed and any solid will forms in the solution mixture, the reaction is known as Precipitation reaction. The reaction of barium hydroxide and sodium sulphate is an example of precipitate reaction, where barium sulphate a precipitate is formed as follows:

$\text{B}\text{a}{(\text{O}\text{H})}_2(aq)+\text{N}{\text{a}}_2\text{S}{\text{O}}_4(aq)\to \text{B}\text{a}\text{S}{\text{O}}_4(s)\downarrow +2\text{N}\text{a}\text{O}\text{H}(aq)$

When an acid is reacted with base creating water or solvent and an ionic salt, the reaction is known as Acid-base neutralization reaction for example the reaction of strong acid, hydrochloric acid with strong base sodium hydroxide is as follows:

$\text{N}\text{a}\text{O}\text{H}(aq)+\text{H}\text{C}\text{l}(aq)\to \text{N}\text{a}\text{C}\text{l}(aq)+{\text{H}}_2\text{O}(l)$.

The given reaction is an example of precipitation reaction.

Given:

$\text{B}\text{a}\text{C}{\text{l}}_2(aq)+{\text{H}}_2\text{S}{\text{O}}_4(aq)\to \text{H}\text{C}\text{l}(aq)+\text{B}\text{a}\text{S}{\text{O}}_4(s)$

The balance reaction is as follows:

$\text{B}\text{a}\text{C}{\text{l}}_2(aq)+{\text{H}}_2\text{S}{\text{O}}_4(aq)\to \text{H}\text{C}\text{l}(aq)+\text{B}\text{a}\text{S}{\text{O}}_4(s)$

This is an example of precipitation reaction because here a solid $\text{B}\text{a}\text{S}{\text{O}}_4(s)$ will form.

Explanation of Solution

Given:

$\text{A}\text{g}\text{N}{\text{O}}_3(aq)+\text{H}\text{C}\text{l}(aq)\to \text{H}\text{N}{\text{O}}_3(aq)+\text{A}\text{g}\text{C}\text{l}(s)$

The balance reaction is as follows:

$\text{A}\text{g}\text{N}{\text{O}}_3(aq)+\text{H}\text{C}\text{l}(aq)\to \text{H}\text{N}{\text{O}}_3(aq)+\text{A}\text{g}\text{C}\text{l}(s)$

This is an example of precipitation reaction because here a solid $\text{A}\text{g}\text{C}\text{l}(s)$ will form.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

To complete and balance the given combustion reaction.

Concept Introduction:

A balanced chemical equation is an equation that contains same number of atoms as well as of each element of reactants and products of reaction.

For example, the reaction between lead sulphide and oxygen is as follows:

$\begin{array}{l}2\text{P}\text{b}\text{S}+\text{ 3 }{\text{O}}_2\to 2\text{P}\text{b}\text{O}+2\text{S}{\text{O}}_2\\ \text{ Reactants Products}\end{array}$

Oxidation-reduction reaction is known as redox reaction. In these types of reaction one reactant is oxidized and another is reduced.

Oxidation: Oxidation is a process in which either 1 or all following changes occurs:

• Gaining of oxygen atoms.
• Loss of electrons.
• Loss of hydrogen atom.

Increasing oxidation number.

Reduction: Reduction is a process in which either 1 or all following changes occurs:

• Loss of oxygen atoms.
• Gaining of electrons.
• Gaining of hydrogen atom.

Decreasing oxidation number.

Precipitation reaction means formation of solids or formation of any Precipitate; when solutions of two ionic substances are mixed and any solid will forms in the solution mixture, the reaction is known as Precipitation reaction. The reaction of barium hydroxide and sodium sulphate is an example of precipitate reaction, where barium sulphate a precipitate is formed as follows:

$\text{B}\text{a}{(\text{O}\text{H})}_2(aq)+\text{N}{\text{a}}_2\text{S}{\text{O}}_4(aq)\to \text{B}\text{a}\text{S}{\text{O}}_4(s)\downarrow +2\text{N}\text{a}\text{O}\text{H}(aq)$

When an acid is reacted with base creating water or solvent and an ionic salt, the reaction is known as Acid-base neutralization reaction for example the reaction of strong acid, hydrochloric acid with strong base sodium hydroxide is as follows:

$\text{N}\text{a}\text{O}\text{H}(aq)+\text{H}\text{C}\text{l}(aq)\to \text{N}\text{a}\text{C}\text{l}(aq)+{\text{H}}_2\text{O}(l)$.

Answer to Problem 53QAP

The given reaction is an example of acid -base reaction.

Explanation of Solution

Given:

$\text{H}\text{C}\text{l}(aq)+\text{K}\text{O}\text{H}(aq)\to \text{K}\text{C}\text{l}(aq)+{\text{H}}_2\text{O}(l)$

The balance reaction is as follows:

$\text{H}\text{C}\text{l}(aq)+\text{K}\text{O}\text{H}(aq)\to \text{K}\text{C}\text{l}(aq)+{\text{H}}_2\text{O}(l)$

This is an example of acid −base or neutralization reaction because here salt and water will form.

$\begin{array}{l}\text{H}\text{C}\text{l}(aq)+\text{K}\text{O}\text{H}(aq)\to \text{K}\text{C}\text{l}(aq)+{\text{H}}_2\text{O}(l)\\ \text{Acid Base Salt Water}\end{array}$.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

To complete and balance the given combustion reaction.

Concept Introduction:

A balanced chemical equation is an equation that contains same number of atoms as well as of each element of reactants and products of reaction.

For example, the reaction between lead sulphide and oxygen is as follows:

$\begin{array}{l}2\text{P}\text{b}\text{S}+\text{ 3 }{\text{O}}_2\to 2\text{P}\text{b}\text{O}+2\text{S}{\text{O}}_2\\ \text{ Reactants Products}\end{array}$

Oxidation-reduction reaction is known as redox reaction. In these types of reaction one reactant is oxidized and another is reduced.

Oxidation: Oxidation is a process in which either 1 or all following changes occurs:

• Gaining of oxygen atoms.
• Loss of electrons.
• Loss of hydrogen atom.

Increasing oxidation number.

Reduction: Reduction is a process in which either 1 or all following changes occurs:

• Loss of oxygen atoms.
• Gaining of electrons.
• Gaining of hydrogen atom.

Decreasing oxidation number.

Precipitation reaction means formation of solids or formation of any Precipitate; when solutions of two ionic substances are mixed and any solid will forms in the solution mixture, the reaction is known as Precipitation reaction. The reaction of barium hydroxide and sodium sulphate is an example of precipitate reaction, where barium sulphate a precipitate is formed as follows:

$\text{B}\text{a}{(\text{O}\text{H})}_2(aq)+\text{N}{\text{a}}_2\text{S}{\text{O}}_4(aq)\to \text{B}\text{a}\text{S}{\text{O}}_4(s)\downarrow +2\text{N}\text{a}\text{O}\text{H}(aq)$

When an acid is reacted with base creating water or solvent and an ionic salt, the reaction is known as Acid-base neutralization reaction for example the reaction of strong acid, hydrochloric acid with strong base sodium hydroxide is as follows:

$\text{N}\text{a}\text{O}\text{H}(aq)+\text{H}\text{C}\text{l}(aq)\to \text{N}\text{a}\text{C}\text{l}(aq)+{\text{H}}_2\text{O}(l)$.

Answer to Problem 53QAP

The given reaction is an example of oxidation-reduction reaction.

Explanation of Solution

Given:

$\text{C}\text{u}\text{S}{\text{O}}_4(aq)+\text{Z}\text{n}(s)\to \text{Z}\text{n}\text{S}{\text{O}}_4(aq)+\text{C}\text{u}(s)$

The balance reaction is as follows:

$\text{C}\text{u}\text{S}{\text{O}}_4(aq)+\text{Z}\text{n}(s)\to \text{Z}\text{n}\text{S}{\text{O}}_4(aq)+\text{C}\text{u}(s)$

This is an example of oxidation −reduction reaction because in the above reaction oxidation number changed.

$\begin{array}{l}\text{C}\text{u}\text{S}{\text{O}}_4(aq)+\text{Z}\text{n}(s)\to \text{Z}\text{n}\text{S}{\text{O}}_4(aq)+\text{C}\text{u}(s)\\ \text{O}.\text{N}.\text{ +2 0 }+2\text{ 0}\end{array}$.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

To complete and balance the given combustion reaction.

Concept Introduction:

A balanced chemical equation is an equation that contains same number of atoms as well as of each element of reactants and products of reaction.

For example, the reaction between lead sulphide and oxygen is as follows:

$\begin{array}{l}2\text{P}\text{b}\text{S}+\text{ 3 }{\text{O}}_2\to 2\text{P}\text{b}\text{O}+2\text{S}{\text{O}}_2\\ \text{ Reactants Products}\end{array}$

Oxidation-reduction reaction is known as redox reaction. In these types of reaction one reactant is oxidized and another is reduced.

Oxidation: Oxidation is a process in which either 1 or all following changes occurs:

• Gaining of oxygen atoms.
• Loss of electrons.
• Loss of hydrogen atom.

Increasing oxidation number.

Reduction: Reduction is a process in which either 1 or all following changes occurs:

• Loss of oxygen atoms.
• Gaining of electrons.
• Gaining of hydrogen atom.

Decreasing oxidation number.

Precipitation reaction means formation of solids or formation of any Precipitate; when solutions of two ionic substances are mixed and any solid will forms in the solution mixture, the reaction is known as Precipitation reaction. The reaction of barium hydroxide and sodium sulphate is an example of precipitate reaction, where barium sulphate a precipitate is formed as follows:

$\text{B}\text{a}{(\text{O}\text{H})}_2(aq)+\text{N}{\text{a}}_2\text{S}{\text{O}}_4(aq)\to \text{B}\text{a}\text{S}{\text{O}}_4(s)\downarrow +2\text{N}\text{a}\text{O}\text{H}(aq)$

When an acid is reacted with base creating water or solvent and an ionic salt, the reaction is known as Acid-base neutralization reaction for example the reaction of strong acid, hydrochloric acid with strong base sodium hydroxide is as follows:

$\text{N}\text{a}\text{O}\text{H}(aq)+\text{H}\text{C}\text{l}(aq)\to \text{N}\text{a}\text{C}\text{l}(aq)+{\text{H}}_2\text{O}(l)$.

Answer to Problem 53QAP

The given reaction is an example of acid -base reaction.

Explanation of Solution

Given:

$\text{N}\text{a}{\text{H}}_2\text{P}{\text{O}}_4(aq)+\text{N}\text{a}\text{O}\text{H}(aq)\to \text{N}{\text{a}}_3\text{P}{\text{O}}_4(aq)(aq)+{\text{H}}_2\text{O}(l)$

The balance reaction is as follows:

$\text{N}\text{a}{\text{H}}_2\text{P}{\text{O}}_4(aq)+2\text{N}\text{a}\text{O}\text{H}(aq)\to \text{N}{\text{a}}_3\text{P}{\text{O}}_4(aq)(aq)+2{\text{H}}_2\text{O}(l)$

This is an example of acid −base or neutralization reaction because here salt and water will form.

$\begin{array}{l}\text{N}\text{a}{\text{H}}_2\text{P}{\text{O}}_4(aq)+2\text{N}\text{a}\text{O}\text{H}(aq)\to \text{N}{\text{a}}_3\text{P}{\text{O}}_4(aq)(aq)+2{\text{H}}_2\text{O}(l)\\ \text{Acid Base Salt Water}\end{array}$.

Interpretation Introduction

(g)

Interpretation:

To complete and balance the given combustion reaction.

Concept Introduction:

A balanced chemical equation is an equation that contains same number of atoms as well as of each element of reactants and products of reaction.

For example, the reaction between lead sulphide and oxygen is as follows:

$\begin{array}{l}2\text{P}\text{b}\text{S}+\text{ 3 }{\text{O}}_2\to 2\text{P}\text{b}\text{O}+2\text{S}{\text{O}}_2\\ \text{ Reactants Products}\end{array}$

Oxidation-reduction reaction is known as redox reaction. In these types of reaction one reactant is oxidized and another is reduced.

Oxidation: Oxidation is a process in which either 1 or all following changes occurs:

• Gaining of oxygen atoms.
• Loss of electrons.
• Loss of hydrogen atom.

Increasing oxidation number.

Reduction: Reduction is a process in which either 1 or all following changes occurs:

• Loss of oxygen atoms.
• Gaining of electrons.
• Gaining of hydrogen atom.

Decreasing oxidation number.

Precipitation reaction means formation of solids or formation of any Precipitate; when solutions of two ionic substances are mixed and any solid will forms in the solution mixture, the reaction is known as Precipitation reaction. The reaction of barium hydroxide and sodium sulphate is an example of precipitate reaction, where barium sulphate a precipitate is formed as follows:

$\text{B}\text{a}{(\text{O}\text{H})}_2(aq)+\text{N}{\text{a}}_2\text{S}{\text{O}}_4(aq)\to \text{B}\text{a}\text{S}{\text{O}}_4(s)\downarrow +2\text{N}\text{a}\text{O}\text{H}(aq)$

When an acid is reacted with base creating water or solvent and an ionic salt, the reaction is known as Acid-base neutralization reaction for example the reaction of strong acid, hydrochloric acid with strong base sodium hydroxide is as follows:

$\text{N}\text{a}\text{O}\text{H}(aq)+\text{H}\text{C}\text{l}(aq)\to \text{N}\text{a}\text{C}\text{l}(aq)+{\text{H}}_2\text{O}(l)$.

Answer to Problem 53QAP

The given reaction is an example of acid -base reaction.

Explanation of Solution

Given:

${\text{H}}_2\text{S}{\text{O}}_4(aq)+\text{C}\text{a}{(\text{O}\text{H})}_2(aq)\to \text{C}\text{a}\text{S}{\text{O}}_4(aq)+{\text{H}}_2\text{O}(l)$

The balance reaction is as follows:

${\text{H}}_2\text{S}{\text{O}}_4(aq)+\text{C}\text{a}{(\text{O}\text{H})}_2(aq)\to \text{C}\text{a}\text{S}{\text{O}}_4(aq)+2{\text{H}}_2\text{O}(l)$

This is an example of acid −base or neutralization reaction because here salt and water will form.

$\begin{array}{l}{\text{H}}_2\text{S}{\text{O}}_4(aq)+\text{C}\text{a}{(}_{\text{O}}(aq)\to \text{C}\text{a}\text{S}{\text{O}}_4(aq)+2{\text{H}}_2\text{O}(l)\\ \text{Acid Base Salt Water}\end{array}$.

Interpretation Introduction

(h)

Interpretation:

To complete and balance the given combustion reaction.

Concept Introduction:

A balanced chemical equation is an equation that contains same number of atoms as well as of each element of reactants and products of reaction.

For example, the reaction between lead sulphide and oxygen is as follows:

$\begin{array}{l}2\text{P}\text{b}\text{S}+\text{ 3 }{\text{O}}_2\to 2\text{P}\text{b}\text{O}+2\text{S}{\text{O}}_2\\ \text{ Reactants Products}\end{array}$

Oxidation-reduction reaction is known as redox reaction. In these types of reaction one reactant is oxidized and another is reduced.

Oxidation: Oxidation is a process in which either 1 or all following changes occurs:

• Gaining of oxygen atoms.
• Loss of electrons.
• Loss of hydrogen atom.

Increasing oxidation number.

Reduction: Reduction is a process in which either 1 or all following changes occurs:

• Loss of oxygen atoms.
• Gaining of electrons.
• Gaining of hydrogen atom.

Decreasing oxidation number.

Precipitation reaction means formation of solids or formation of any Precipitate; when solutions of two ionic substances are mixed and any solid will forms in the solution mixture, the reaction is known as Precipitation reaction. The reaction of barium hydroxide and sodium sulphate is an example of precipitate reaction, where barium sulphate a precipitate is formed as follows:

$\text{B}\text{a}{(\text{O}\text{H})}_2(aq)+\text{N}{\text{a}}_2\text{S}{\text{O}}_4(aq)\to \text{B}\text{a}\text{S}{\text{O}}_4(s)\downarrow +2\text{N}\text{a}\text{O}\text{H}(aq)$

When an acid is reacted with base creating water or solvent and an ionic salt, the reaction is known as Acid-base neutralization reaction for example the reaction of strong acid, hydrochloric acid with strong base sodium hydroxide is as follows:

$\text{N}\text{a}\text{O}\text{H}(aq)+\text{H}\text{C}\text{l}(aq)\to \text{N}\text{a}\text{C}\text{l}(aq)+{\text{H}}_2\text{O}(l)$.

Answer to Problem 53QAP

The given reaction is an example of oxidation-reduction reaction.

Explanation of Solution

Given:

$\text{Z}\text{n}\text{C}{\text{l}}_4(aq)+\text{M}\text{g}(s)\to \text{M}\text{g}\text{C}{\text{l}}_2(aq)+\text{Z}\text{n}(s)$

The balance reaction is as follows:

$\text{Z}\text{n}\text{C}{\text{l}}_4(aq)+\text{M}\text{g}(s)\to \text{M}\text{g}\text{C}{\text{l}}_2(aq)+\text{Z}\text{n}(s)$

This is an example of oxidation−reduction reaction because in the above reaction oxidation number changed.

$\begin{array}{l}\text{Z}\text{n}\text{C}{\text{l}}_4(aq)+\text{M}\text{g}(s)\to \text{M}\text{g}\text{C}{\text{l}}_2(aq)+\text{Z}\text{n}(s)\\ \text{O}.\text{N}.\text{ +2 0 }+2\text{ 0}\end{array}$.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To complete and balance the given combustion reaction.

Concept Introduction:

A balanced chemical equation is an equation that contains same number of atoms as well as of each element of reactants and products of reaction.

For example, the reaction between lead sulphide and oxygen is as follows:

$\begin{array}{l}2\text{P}\text{b}\text{S}+\text{ 3 }{\text{O}}_2\to 2\text{P}\text{b}\text{O}+2\text{S}{\text{O}}_2\\ \text{ Reactants Products}\end{array}$

Oxidation-reduction reaction is known as redox reaction. In these types of reaction one reactant is oxidized and another is reduced.

Oxidation: Oxidation is a process in which either 1 or all following changes occurs:

• Gaining of oxygen atoms.
• Loss of electrons.
• Loss of hydrogen atom.

Increasing oxidation number.

Reduction: Reduction is a process in which either 1 or all following changes occurs:

• Loss of oxygen atoms.
• Gaining of electrons.
• Gaining of hydrogen atom.

Decreasing oxidation number.

Precipitation reaction means formation of solids or formation of any Precipitate; when solutions of two ionic substances are mixed and any solid will forms in the solution mixture, the reaction is known as Precipitation reaction. The reaction of barium hydroxide and sodium sulphate is an example of precipitate reaction, where barium sulphate a precipitate is formed as follows:

$\text{B}\text{a}{(\text{O}\text{H})}_2(aq)+\text{N}{\text{a}}_2\text{S}{\text{O}}_4(aq)\to \text{B}\text{a}\text{S}{\text{O}}_4(s)\downarrow +2\text{N}\text{a}\text{O}\text{H}(aq)$

When an acid is reacted with base creating water or solvent and an ionic salt, the reaction is known as Acid-base neutralization reaction for example the reaction of strong acid, hydrochloric acid with strong base sodium hydroxide is as follows:

$\text{N}\text{a}\text{O}\text{H}(aq)+\text{H}\text{C}\text{l}(aq)\to \text{N}\text{a}\text{C}\text{l}(aq)+{\text{H}}_2\text{O}(l)$.

Answer to Problem 53QAP

The given reaction is an example of precipitation reaction.

Explanation of Solution

Given:

$\text{B}\text{a}\text{C}{\text{l}}_2(aq)+{\text{H}}_2\text{S}{\text{O}}_4(aq)\to \text{H}\text{C}\text{l}(aq)+\text{B}\text{a}\text{S}{\text{O}}_4(s)$

The balance reaction is as follows:

$\text{B}\text{a}\text{C}{\text{l}}_2(aq)+{\text{H}}_2\text{S}{\text{O}}_4(aq)\to \text{H}\text{C}\text{l}(aq)+\text{B}\text{a}\text{S}{\text{O}}_4(s)$

This is an example of precipitation reaction because here a solid $\text{B}\text{a}\text{S}{\text{O}}_4(s)$ will form.