College Physics (10th Edition)
10th Edition
ISBN: 9780321902788
Author: Hugh D. Young, Philip W. Adams, Raymond Joseph Chastain
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 7, Problem 4CQ
An elevator is hoisted by its cables at constant speed. Is the total work done on the elevator positive, negative, or zero? Explain your reasoning.
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College Physics (10th Edition)
Ch. 7 - A box is pushed across a rough horizontal surface...Ch. 7 - Can the total work done on an object during a...Ch. 7 - True or false? If hydrogen molecules and oxygen...Ch. 7 - An elevator is hoisted by its cables at constant...Ch. 7 - A satellite moves in a circular orbit at a...Ch. 7 - If a projectile is fired upward at various angles...Ch. 7 - A block is initially traveling at a speed vc at...Ch. 7 - An advertisment for a portable electrical a...Ch. 7 - A child can slide down any of the three slides...Ch. 7 - Hydroelectric energy comes from gravity pulling...
Ch. 7 - Does the kinetic energy of a car change more when...Ch. 7 - When you jump from the ground into the air, where...Ch. 7 - Two unequal masses are connected by a massless...Ch. 7 - On your electric bill, you are charged for...Ch. 7 - In Figure 7.42, two blocks with masses mA and mB,...Ch. 7 - A car is initially traveling at a speed of v0....Ch. 7 - A spiral spring is compressed so as to add U units...Ch. 7 - You slam on the brakes of your car in a panic and...Ch. 7 - Consider two frictionless inclined planes with the...Ch. 7 - A brick is dropped from the top of a building...Ch. 7 - Prob. 5MCPCh. 7 - Two identical objects are pressed against two...Ch. 7 - For each of two objects with different masses, the...Ch. 7 - Two objects with unequal masses are released from...Ch. 7 - Spring #1 has a force constant of k, and spring #2...Ch. 7 - Two balls having different masses reach the same...Ch. 7 - A fisherman reels in 12.0 m of line while landing...Ch. 7 - A tennis player hits a 58.0 g tennis ball so that...Ch. 7 - A boat with a horizontal tow rope pulls a water...Ch. 7 - A constant horizontal pull of 8.50 N drags a box...Ch. 7 - A rope is tied to a box and used to pull the box...Ch. 7 - A 128.0 N carton is pulled up a frictionless...Ch. 7 - A factory worker moves a 30.0 kg crate a distance...Ch. 7 - An 8.00 kg package in a mail-sorting room slides...Ch. 7 - A tow truck pulls a car 5.00 km along a horizontal...Ch. 7 - A 60 kg woman steps onto an up-going escalator,...Ch. 7 - A bullet is fired into a large stationary absorber...Ch. 7 - Animal energy. Adult cheetahs, the fastest of the...Ch. 7 - A 0.145 kg baseball leaves a pitchers hand at a...Ch. 7 - A 1.50 kg book is sliding along a rough horizontal...Ch. 7 - Stopping distance of a car. The driver of an 1800...Ch. 7 - You throw a 20 N rock into the air from ground...Ch. 7 - Fleas are agile, wingless insects that feed on the...Ch. 7 - A 61 kg skier on level snow coasts 184 m to a stop...Ch. 7 - A block of ice with mass 2.00 kg slides 0.750 m...Ch. 7 - To stretch a certain spring by 2.5 cm from its...Ch. 7 - A spring is 17.0 cm long when it is lying on a...Ch. 7 - A spring with spring constant 100 N/m and...Ch. 7 - The graph in Figure 7.440 shows the magnitude of...Ch. 7 - A 575 N woman climbs a staircase that rises at 53...Ch. 7 - How high can we jump? The maximum height a typical...Ch. 7 - A 72.0 kg swimmer jumps into the old swimming hole...Ch. 7 - A 2.50 kg mass is pushed against a horizontal...Ch. 7 - A force of magnitude 800.0 N stretches a certain...Ch. 7 - Tendons. Tendons are strong elastic fibers that...Ch. 7 - A certain spring stores 10.0 J of potential energy...Ch. 7 - A 0.5 kg ball is thrown up into the air with an...Ch. 7 - Food calories. The food calorie, equal to 4186 J,...Ch. 7 - A good workout. You overindulged in a delicious...Ch. 7 - An exercise program. A 75 kg person is put on an...Ch. 7 - Tall Pacific Coast redwood trees (Sequoia...Ch. 7 - The total height of Yosemite Falls is 2425 ft. (a)...Ch. 7 - The speed of hailstones. Although the altitude may...Ch. 7 - Prob. 38PCh. 7 - Volcanoes on lo. lo, a satellite of Jupiter, is...Ch. 7 - Human energy vs. insect energy. For its size, the...Ch. 7 - A 25 kg child plays on a swing having support...Ch. 7 - A slingshot obeying Hookes law is used to launch...Ch. 7 - A spring with spring constant k is anchored to the...Ch. 7 - A 1.5 kg box moves back and forth on a horizontal...Ch. 7 - A 12.0 N package of whole wheat flour is suddenly...Ch. 7 - A spring of negligible mass has force constant k =...Ch. 7 - A 1.50 kg brick is sliding along on a rough...Ch. 7 - A fun-loving 11.4 kg otter slides up a hill and...Ch. 7 - A 12.0 g plastic ball is dropped from a height of...Ch. 7 - You are rearranging the furniture in your living...Ch. 7 - While a roofer is working on a roof that slants at...Ch. 7 - A block with mass 0.50 kg is forced against a...Ch. 7 - A loaded 375 kg toboggan is traveling on smooth...Ch. 7 - A 62.0 kg skier is moving at 6.50 m/s on a...Ch. 7 - Suppose you were to drop a 14 lb bowling ball from...Ch. 7 - The engine of a motorboat delivers 30.0 kW to the...Ch. 7 - Prob. 57PCh. 7 - A tandem (two-person) bicycle team must overcome a...Ch. 7 - An elevator has mass 600 kg, not including...Ch. 7 - U.S. power use. The total consumption of...Ch. 7 - Solar energy. The sun transfers energy to the...Ch. 7 - A 20.0 kg box is pulled along a rough horizontal...Ch. 7 - A typical flying insect applies an average force...Ch. 7 - When its 75 kW (100 hp) engine is generating full...Ch. 7 - The power of the human heart. The human heart is a...Ch. 7 - At the site of a wind farm in North Dakota, the...Ch. 7 - A physics student measures the energy stored in a...Ch. 7 - Human terminal velocity. By landing properly and...Ch. 7 - A wooden rod of negligible mass and length 80.0 cm...Ch. 7 - Ski jump ramp. You are designing a ski jump ramp...Ch. 7 - Rescue. Your friend (mass 65.0 kg) is standing on...Ch. 7 - On an essentially frictionless horizontal...Ch. 7 - Pendulum. A small 0.12 kg metal ball is tied to a...Ch. 7 - A pump is required to lift 750 liters of water per...Ch. 7 - A 350 kg roller coaster starts from rest at point...Ch. 7 - In action movies there are often chase scenes in...Ch. 7 - In creating his definition of horsepower, James...Ch. 7 - All birds, independent of their size, must...Ch. 7 - A 250 g object on a frictionless, horizontal lab...Ch. 7 - Bungee jump. A bungee cord is 30.0 m long and,...Ch. 7 - Riding a loop-the-loop. A car in an amusement park...Ch. 7 - A 2.0 kg piece of wood slides on the surface shown...Ch. 7 - A 68 kg skier approaches the foot of a hill with a...Ch. 7 - Energy requirements of the body. A 70 kg human...Ch. 7 - The aircraft carrier USS George Washington has...Ch. 7 - A ball is thrown upward with an initial velocity...Ch. 7 - Automotive power. A truck engine transmits 28.0 kW...Ch. 7 - Prob. 88PPCh. 7 - Prob. 89PPCh. 7 - How many times greater is the kinetic energy of...Ch. 7 - During the calibration process, the cantilever is...Ch. 7 - A segment of DNA is put in place and stretched....Ch. 7 - Based on Figure 7.52, how much elastic potential...Ch. 7 - The stage moves at a constant speed while...
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- A particle moves in the xy plane (Fig. P9.30) from the origin to a point having coordinates x = 7.00 m and y = 4.00 m under the influence of a force given by F=3y2+x. a. What is the work done on the particle by the force F if it moves along path 1 (shown in red)? b. What is the work done on the particle by the force F if it moves along path 2 (shown in blue)? c. What is the work done on the particle by the force F if it moves along path 3 (shown in green)? d. Is the force F conservative or nonconservative? Explain. FIGURE P9.30 In each case, the work is found using the integral of Fdr along the path (Equation 9.21). W=rtrfFdr=rtrf(Fxdx+Fydy+Fzdz) (a) The work done along path 1, we first need to integrate along dr=dxi from (0,0) to (7,0) and then along dr=dyj from (7,0) to (7,4): W1=x=0;y=0x=7;y=0(3y2i+xj)(dxi)+x=7;y=0x=7;y=4(3y2i+xj)(dyj) Performing the dot products, we get W1=x=0;y=0x=7;y=03y2dx+x=7;y=0x=7;y=4xdy Along the first part of this path, y = 0 therefore the first integral equals zero. For the second integral, x is constant and can be pulled out of the integral, and we can evaluate dy. W1=0+x=7;y=0x=7;y=4xdy=xy|x=7;y=0x=7;y=4=28J (b) The work done along path 2 is along dr=dyj from (0,0) to (0,4) and then along dr=dxi from (0,4) to (7,4): W2=x=0;y=0x=0;y=4(3y2i+xj)(dyj)+x=0;y=4x=7;y=4(3y2i+xj)(dyi) Performing the dot product, we get: W2=x=0;y=0x=0;y=4xdy+x=0;y=4x=7;y=43y2dx Along the first part of this path, x = 0. Therefore, the first integral equals zero. For the second integral, y is constant and can be pulled out of the integral, and we can evaluate dx. W2=0+3y2x|x=0;y=4x=7;y=4=336J (c) To find the work along the third path, we first write the expression for the work integral. W=rtrfFdr=rtrf(Fxdx+Fydy+Fzdz)W=rtrf(3y2dx+xdy)(1) At first glance, this appears quite simple, but we cant integrate xdy=xy like we might have above because the value of x changes as we vary y (i.e., x is a function of y.) [In parts (a) and (b), on a straight horizontal or vertical line, only x or y changes]. One approach is to parameterize both x and y as a function of another variable, say t, and write each integral in terms of only x or y. Constraining dr to be along the desired line, we can relate dx and dy: tan=dydxdy=tandxanddx=dytan(2) Now, use equation (2) in (1) to express each integral in terms of only one variable. W=x=0;y=0x=7;y=43y2dx+x=0;y=0x=7;y=4xdyW=y=0y=43y2dytan+x=0x=7xtandx We can determine the tangent of the angle, which is constant (the angle is the angle of the line with respect to the horizontal). tan=4.007.00=0.570 Insert the value of the tangent and solve the integrals. W=30.570y33|y=0y=4+0.570x22|x=0x=7W=112+14=126J (d) Since the work done is not path-independent, this is non-conservative force. Figure P9.30ANSarrow_forwardGive an example of a situation in which there is a force and a displacement, but the force does no work. Explain why it does no work.arrow_forwardA nonconstant force is exerted on a particle as it moves in the positive direction along the x axis. Figure P9.26 shows a graph of this force Fx versus the particles position x. Find the work done by this force on the particle as the particle moves as follows. a. From xi = 0 to xf = 10.0 m b. From xi = 10.0 to xf = 20.0 m c. From xi = 0 to xf = 20.0 m FIGURE P9.26 Problems 26 and 27.arrow_forward
- A block of mass m = 2.50 kg is pushed a distance d = 2.20 m along a frictionless, horizontal table by a constant applied force of magnitude F = 16.0 N directed at an angle = 25.0 below the horizontal as shown in Figure P6.3. Determine the work done on the block by (a) the applied force, (b) the normal force exerted by the table, (c) the gravitational force, and (d) the net force on the block. Figure P6.3arrow_forward(a) A force F=(4xi+3yj), where F is in newtons and x and y are in meters, acts on an object as the object moves in the x direction from the origin to x = 5.00 m. Find the work W=Fdr done by the force on the object. (b) What If? Find the work W=Fdr done by the force on the object if it moves from the origin to (5.00 m, 5.00 m) along a straightline path making an angle of 45.0 with the positive x axis. Is the work done by this force dependent on the path taken between the initial and final points?arrow_forwardThe force acting on a particle is Fx = (8x 16), where F is in newtons anti x is in meters. (a) Make a plot of this force versus x from x = 0 to x = 3.00 m. (b) From your graph, find the net work done by this force on the particle as it moves from x = 0 to x = 3.00 m.arrow_forward
- If the net work done by external forces on a particle is zero, which of the following statements about the particle must be true? (a) Its velocity is zero. (b) Its velocity is decreased. (c) Its velocity is unchanged. (d) Its speed is unchanged. (e) More information is needed.arrow_forwardAs a simple pendulum swings back and forth, the forces acting on the suspended object are the force of gravity, the tension in the supporting cord, and air resistance, (a) Which of these forces, if any, does no work on the pendulum? (b) Which of these forces does negative work at all times during the pendulums motion? (c) Describe the work done by the force of gravity while the pendulum is swinging.arrow_forwardRepeat the preceding problem, but this time, suppose that the work done by air resistance cannot be ignored. Let the work done by the air resistance when the skier goes from A to B along the given hilly path be —2000 J. The work done by air resistance is negative since the air resistance acts in the opposite direction to the displacement. Supposing the mass of the skier is 50 kg, what is the speed of the skier at point B ?arrow_forward
- Alex and John are loading identical cabinets onto a truck. Alex lifts his cabinet straight up from the ground to the bed of the truck, whereas John slides his cabinet up a rough ramp to the truck. Which statement is correct about the work done on the cabinetEarth system? (a) Alex and John do the same amount of work. (b) Alex does more work than John. (c) John does more work than Alex. (d) None of those statements is necessarily true because the force of friction is unknown. (e) None of those statements is necessarily true because the angle of the incline is unknown.arrow_forwardExplorers in the jungle find an ancient monument in the shape of a large isosceles triangle as shown in Figure P9.25. The monument is made from tens of thousands of small stone blocks of density 3 800 kg/m3. The monument is 15.7 m high and 64.8 m wide at its base and is everywhere 3.60 m thick from front to back. Before the monument was built many years ago, all the stone blocks lay on the ground. How much work did laborers do on the blocks to put them in position while building the entire monument? Note: The gravitational potential energy of an objectEarth system is given by Ug = MgyCM, where M is the total mass of the object and yCM is the elevation of its center of mass above the chosen reference level.arrow_forwardA particle is subject to a force Fx that varies with position as shown in Figure P7.9. Find the work done by the force on the particle as it moves (a) from x = 0 to x = 5.00 m, (b) from x = 5.00 m to x = 10.0 m, and (c) from x = 10.0 m to x = 15.0 m. (d) What is the total work done by the force over the distance x = 0 to x = 15.0 m?arrow_forward
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