Human Physiology
15th Edition
ISBN: 9781259864629
Author: Fox, Stuart Ira
Publisher: Mcgraw-hill Education,
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Chapter 7, Problem 4aCP
Define the terms depolarization and repolarization, and illustrate these processes graphically.
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12) when K+ voltage-gated channels open, which of the following occurs?
a) depolarization
b) both depolarization and repolarization
c) repolarization
d) neither deolarization or repolarization
Chapter 7 Solutions
Human Physiology
Ch. 7 - Draw a neuron, label its parts, and describe the...Ch. 7 - Distinguish between sensory neurons, motor...Ch. 7 - Describe the structure of the neurilemma, and...Ch. 7 - Explain how myelin sheaths are formed in the CNS....Ch. 7 - Explain what is meant by the blood-brain barrier....Ch. 7 - Define the terms depolarization and...Ch. 7 - Prob. 4bCPCh. 7 - Describe how gating of Na+andK+ in the axon...Ch. 7 - Prob. 5aCPCh. 7 - Prob. 5bCP
Ch. 7 - Prob. 6aCPCh. 7 - Describe the location of neurotransmitters within...Ch. 7 - Describe the sequence of events by which action...Ch. 7 - Explain how chemically regulated channels differ...Ch. 7 - Prob. 8CPCh. 7 - Prob. 9aCPCh. 7 - Prob. 9bCPCh. 7 - Prob. 10CPCh. 7 - Prob. 11CPCh. 7 - Prob. 12aCPCh. 7 - Prob. 12bCPCh. 7 - Prob. 13aCPCh. 7 - Prob. 13bCPCh. 7 - Prob. 14aCPCh. 7 - Describe the mechanism of action of glycine and...Ch. 7 - Give examples of endogenous opioid polypeptides,...Ch. 7 - Prob. 15bCPCh. 7 - Prob. 16CPCh. 7 - Prob. 17aCPCh. 7 - Prob. 17bCPCh. 7 - Prob. 17cCPCh. 7 - Prob. 1RACh. 7 - Prob. 2RACh. 7 - Prob. 3RACh. 7 - Prob. 4RACh. 7 - Repolarization of an axon during an action...Ch. 7 - As the strength of a depolarizing stimulus to an...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7RACh. 7 - Which of these is not a characteristic of synaptic...Ch. 7 - Prob. 9RACh. 7 - Prob. 10RACh. 7 - Prob. 11RACh. 7 - Prob. 12RACh. 7 - Prob. 13RACh. 7 - Prob. 14RACh. 7 - Prob. 15RACh. 7 - Prob. 16RACh. 7 - Prob. 17RACh. 7 - Which of these may be produced by the action of...Ch. 7 - Prob. 19RACh. 7 - In a step-by-step manner, explain how the...Ch. 7 - Prob. 21RACh. 7 - Prob. 22RACh. 7 - Prob. 23RACh. 7 - Prob. 24RACh. 7 - Once an EPSP is produced in a dendrite, how does...Ch. 7 - Prob. 26RACh. 7 - List the endogenous opioids in the brain and...Ch. 7 - Explain what is meant by long-term potentiation...Ch. 7 - Prob. 29RACh. 7 - Prob. 30RACh. 7 - Prob. 31RACh. 7 - Prob. 32RACh. 7 - Prob. 33RACh. 7 - Explain the nature of the endocannabinoids....Ch. 7 - Prob. 35RACh. 7 - Prob. 36RACh. 7 - Prob. 37RACh. 7 - Prob. 38RACh. 7 - Prob. 39RACh. 7 - Use the figure below (from figure 7.34) to answer...
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- Briefly describe, in the correct sequence, the events thatoccur in synaptic transmission.arrow_forwardwhich of the following would be true (more than one can be true)? a) summation of A and X would reach threshold b) summation of C and A would be a graded potential c) stimulation by A would depolarize cell d) stimulation by B would be a subthreshold depolarization e) summation of B and C would be a graded potential with the net value of 12 mV depolarizationarrow_forwardDefine converging and diverging circuitsarrow_forward
- At a synapse, opening one sodium channel (for the normal duration before closing) causes a small depolarization. Opening a handful of sodium channels may cause a larger depolarization. Opening more channels may lead to an even larger depolarization, up to a point. Then the depolarization would be the same regardless of how many other sodium channels opened. Explain why the number of open channels increases the depolarization, and why it doesn’t matter beyond a certain point.arrow_forwardWhich types of patch clamp technique should be used if you want to determine if a particular compound is influencing synaptic transmission presynaptically or post synaptically?arrow_forwardAn effector neuron is a motor neuron that transmits impulses from the CNS to an effector (muscle or gland).In an experiment, it was determined that the effector neuron for muscle fibre 1 had a threshold level of –5 mV. The effector neuron for muscle fibre 2 had a threshold level of –16 mV. An electrical probe was used to stimulate these two effector neurons of the muscle fibres. Which of the following rows correctly identifies the reaction of each muscle fibre based on the applied stimulus voltage? Stimulus Voltage Muscle Fibre 1 Muscle Fibre 2 –20 mV Relaxed Contracted b. Stimulus Voltage Muscle Fibre 1 Muscle Fibre 2 –20 mV Contracted Relaxed c. Stimulus Voltage Muscle Fibre 1 Muscle Fibre 2 –10 mV Contracted Relaxed d. Stimulus Voltage Muscle Fibre 1 Muscle Fibre 2 –10 mV Relaxed Contractedarrow_forward
- What do you mean by depolarization and repolarization?arrow_forwarda) Describe the behavior of an unaffected neuron sitting at its membrane resting potentialstimulated by a suprathreshold stimulus.b) Now, add the effects of the consumption of the Fugu toxin and stimulate that neuron with a supra-threshold stimulus.- Describe (and/or diagram) the effect on the membrane potential by supra-thresholdstimulation under this condition.c. Using any ONE (1) of the following three (3) means we have used to interpret the resultingmembrane potential for a neuron, describe the effect of the Fugu toxin on a neuron:i) Goldman’s equationii) “Driving” toward Ex of most permeable ioniii) Movement/flow of charge + chargesarrow_forwardWhat happens to synaptic transmission during an experiment if the preparation (containing 1 αmotor neuron and 1 skeletal muscle) is bathed in a low calcium solution?arrow_forward
- Draw details of the repolarization phase of an action potential from the following descriptions of the sequences of AfterHyperPolarization (AHP) and AfterDePolarization (ADP) sequences. Make the distinct phases clear and noticeable (5 % each) A complex AHP consisting of a first component AHP, an ADP, and a second component AHP before repolarization to resting membrane potential a first fast AHP component, followed by a slower AHP, followed by a fast ADP, and a second late AHP component before repolarization to restarrow_forwardDefine depolarization, repolarization, and hyperpolarization in terms of how it affects the membrane potential of an excitable cell.arrow_forwardDescribe the molecular machinery required for neurotransmitter release at the synapsearrow_forward
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