Concepts of Genetics (12th Edition)
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134604718
Author: William S. Klug, Michael R. Cummings, Charlotte A. Spencer, Michael A. Palladino, Darrell Killian
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 7, Problem 2NST
Carbon Copy (CC), the first car produced from a clone, was created from an ovarian cell taken from her generic donor, Rainbow, a calico car. The diploid nucleus from the cell was extracted and then injected into an enucleated egg. The resulting zygote was then allowed to develop in a petri dish, and the cloned embryo was implanted in the uterus of a surrogate mother cat, who gave birth to CC. CC’s surrogate mother was a tabby (see the photo below). Geneticists were very interested in the outcome of cloning a calico cat because they were not certain if the cloned cat would have patches of orange and black, just orange, or just black. Taking into account the Lyon hypothesis, explain the basis of the uncertainty. Would you expect CC to appear identical to Rainbow? Explain why or why not.
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No. 32 CC (Carbon Copy), the first cat produced from a clone, was created from an ovarian cell taken from her genetic donor, Rainbow. The diploid nucleus from the cell was extracted and then injected into an enucleated (remove the nucleus of) egg. The resulting zygote was then allowed to develop in a petri dish, and the cloned embryo was implanted in the uterus of a surrogate mother cat, who gave birth to CC. Rainbow is a calico cat. CC’s surrogate mother is a tabby (any cat that has a distinctive coat that features stripes, dots, lines or swirling patterns, usually together with a mark resembling an "M" on its forehead). Geneticists were very interested in the outcome of cloning a calico cat, because they were not certain if the cat would have patches of orange and black, just orange or just black. Taking into account the Lyon hypothesis, explain the basis of the uncertainty.
somatic cells
males
a normal amount of
one too many
sex chromosomes
excess
females
infertility
death
the germ line
autosomes
one too few
Humans who have aneuploidy of the sex chromosomes are viable.
A human who has the Klinefelter syndrome (XXY) has the normal
number of
and will produce the normal amount of
proteins from gene on autosomes.
A person who has Klinefelter syndrome (XXY) has
X chromosomes, one of which will condense into a Barr body in
somatic cells. Most X chromosome genes produce
protein.
The few genes in the PAR region of the X chromosome remain
active and those genes produce
XXY somatic cells, leading to skeletal abnormalities in
with Klinefelter syndrome.
protein in the
In
the Barr body is reactivated. The higher dose of X
chromosome gene expression in the XXY male germ line leads to
defective spermatogenesis and
Domesticated sheep cells have a total of 54 chromosomes (versus 46 chromosomes in human cells). (a) How many separate DNA molecules are present in a sheep liver cell at the end of the G1 phase? (b) How many separate DNA molecules are present in the daughter cells after meiosis I in the ovary of the sheep? (c) How many separate DNA molecules are present in the daughter cells after meiosis II in the ovary of the sheep?
Chapter 7 Solutions
Concepts of Genetics (12th Edition)
Ch. 7 - Campomelic dysplasia (CMD1) is a congenital human...Ch. 7 - Carbon Copy (CC), the first car produced from a...Ch. 7 - Gender is someones conscious and unconscious...Ch. 7 - Gender is someones conscious and unconscious...Ch. 7 - HOW DO WE KNOW? In this chapter, we have focused...Ch. 7 - Review the Chapter Concepts list on p. 151. These...Ch. 7 - Distinguish between the concepts of sexual...Ch. 7 - Contrast the XX/XY and XX/X0 modes of sex...Ch. 7 - Describe the major difference between sex...Ch. 7 - How do mammals, including humans, solve the dosage...
Ch. 7 - The phenotype of an early-stage human embryo is...Ch. 7 - What specific observations (evidence) support the...Ch. 7 - Describe how nondisjunction in human female...Ch. 7 - An insect species is discovered in which the...Ch. 7 - When cows have twin calves of unlike sex...Ch. 7 - An attached-X female fly, XXY (see the Insights...Ch. 7 - Assume that on rare occasions the attached X...Ch. 7 - It has been suggested that any male-determining...Ch. 7 - What is a Barr body, and where is it found in a...Ch. 7 - Indicate the expected number of Barr bodies in...Ch. 7 - Define the Lyon hypothesis.Ch. 7 - Can the Lyon hypothesis be tested in a human...Ch. 7 - Predict the potential effect of the Lyon...Ch. 7 - Cat breeders are aware that kittens expressing the...Ch. 7 - In mice, the Sry gene (see Section 7.2) is located...Ch. 7 - The genes encoding the red-and...Ch. 7 - What is the role of the enzyme aromatase in sexual...Ch. 7 - In the wasp Bracon hebetor, a form of...Ch. 7 - The Amami spiny rat (Tokudaia osimensis) lacks a Y...Ch. 7 - In mice, the X-linked dominant mutation Testicular...Ch. 7 - When the cloned cat Carbon Copy (CC) was born (see...Ch. 7 - In reptiles, sex determination was thought to be...Ch. 7 - In chickens, a key gene involved in sex...
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- In the past, the IOC has employed two genetic sex- determination tests. The Barr body test screens for the presence of two X chromosomes. In XX somatic cells, one copy of the X chromosome condenses into a largely inactive structure called a Barr body, which can be seen using a light microscope. In more recent years, a polymerase chain reaction-based screen has been used to amplify the DNA sequence of the SRY gene, which is found only on the Y chromosome. Based on their karyotypes, what would be the outcome of these two tests for each of the four individuals? Drag the labels to indicate the presence or absence of a Barr body and the SRY gene sequence.arrow_forwardA typical somatic cell from a badger, which is a diploid, sexually reproducing animal, contains a total of 32 chromosomes. Gametogenesis in badgers is similar to humans. What is the genome size for the badger in terms of chromosome number? How many DNA molecules would be found in a secondary oocyte before dividing? How many chromosomes would be found in a cell at metaphase? How many DNA molecules should be in a tetraploid liver cell from the badger?arrow_forwardBackground Info Rainbow trout go through a unique genetic reproductive process. Female eggs are diploid, while male sperm are haploid. In the wild, when the sperm fertilizes an egg, the extra set of chromosomes is kicked out, resulting in a diploid offspring.Triploid trout are produced in the lab to provide sterile fish stock for lakes. Shortly after the eggs are fertilized, scientists place them in a warm water bath to prevent the extra chromosomes from being removed. The result is a triploid fish that cannot reproduce.Rainbow Trout: n = 30 Global warming is an issue affecting many species around the world. Warming has caused the temperatures in lakes and rivers to increase and stay elevated for longer periods of time. Question Select the FOUR numbers that describe the possible effects of global warming on the reproduction of rainbow trout in the wild and on biodiversity. The extra set of chromosomes remains. The extra set of chromosomes is removed. The offspring are diploid (2n).…arrow_forward
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- Chorionic villus sampling is a procedure to determine if there are any abnormalities in chromosome number in the fetus. Why can the chorionic villi be used to determine abnormalities in the fetus?arrow_forwardTrue or False. 1. a.) A diploid organism with 2N=8 would have 4 chromosomes in each gamete. b.) Homologous chromosomes do not pair up during asexual cell division. c.) Gametes have the same number of chromosomes as a somatic cell. d.) Cell division would not be possible without the work of DNA Polymerase. Pick one of the FALSE statements from the 4 previous questions and explain why it is incorrect.arrow_forwardX chromosome inactivation in a diploid XX female is not completely inactivated, explain?arrow_forward
- We are not single celled organisms and multiple cell divisions occur between fertilization and production of gametes. In males there are an estimated 400 divisions before production of gametes and in females about 30 divisions. Can you think of why this is? Is a new mutation arising from DNA replication more likely to occur because of errors in the male or the female germline?arrow_forwardHello, i understand the question, but i only need to know which option is right, no need for explanation. I mean jsut say which option, thanks in advance.arrow_forwardUsing Next Generation Sequencing technology, biopsy of an embryo produced the following chromosomal sequencing results. What are the abnormality and sex of this embryo? Will this embryo produce a healthy livebirth and why?arrow_forward
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