Chapter 7, Problem 28P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structural formula for each of the given compounds is to be written.

Concept introduction:

Bond-line formula is a way to represent a molecular structure with a line denoting a covalent bond. In an organic compound, each end point in a line represents a carbon, and hydrogen is not written. Heteroatoms are written using bond-line formulas.

The $E-Z$ nomenclature is done by using the following rules:

If both the priority groups are on the same side of the double-bonded carbon atom, then it is known as a $\left(Z\right)$ configuration.

But, if the priority groups are diagonal to each other, then it is an $\left(E\right)$ configuration.

$R-S$ configuration is used to differentiate between enantiomers.

After giving priority to four groups, rotate the molecule such that fourth priority group is at a horizontal position.

Now, move from 1-2-3; if it is in the clockwise direction, then it is an $\left(R\right)$ configuration and if it is in the anticlockwise direction, then it is an $\left(S\right)$ configuration. The branched chain alkanes can be named by using the following steps:

The lengthiest continuous chain of carbon atoms is to be found for the parent name of the given alkane. For two equal chains, the one that has more substituents will be selected.

The parent chain is to be numbered in such a way that a substituent gets the minimum possible number. For an equal number of branches from both ends of the chain, the substituent is to be numbered such that their sum is the least.

Each of the given substituents should be numbered according to its position in the parent chain and then, it should be listed in alphabetical order. For two substituents on the same carbon, the number is repeated twice.

For identical substituents, the prefix is used for the number of substituents.