Chapter 7, Problem 1RQ

Define the following terms: potential energy, kinetic energy, path-dependent function, state function, system, surroundings.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:  To understand the concepts of potential energy, kinetic energy , path-dependent function, system, state functions and surrounding.

Answer to Problem 1RQ

Answer

• Potential energy (U): Potential energy is an energy that are stored in an object not in motion and ability of becoming active.
• Kinetic energy (KE): The energy possessed by an object due to its motion. Kinetic energy depending upon the mass (m) and velocity (v) of an object.

                                     KE= $\frac{\text{1}}{\text{2}}{\text{mv}}^{\text{2}}$

• Path-dependent function: The function which depends on the path from two value

  called path dependent functions. There are two common path dependent functions, heat and work.

• State function: The state function or state property of a system assign the properties of a systems depends upon only its present state not past or future state.
• System: In thermodynamics the system is defined as quantity of matter or region in the universe.
• Surrounding: Surrounding is include everything else around the system in the universe.

Explanation of Solution

Explanation

• Potential energy (U): Potential energy is an energy that are stored in an object not in motion and ability of becoming active.

  

  Figure 1

  Example: A ball on the table (having a mass is a potential energy)-see in Figure.1

• Kinetic energy (KE): The energy possessed by an object due to its motion. Kinetic energy depending upon the mass (m) and velocity (v) of an object.

                                     KE= $\frac{\text{1}}{\text{2}}{\text{mv}}^{\text{2}}$

  Example: The ball fall down from the table. See in fig.1

• Path-dependent function: The function which depends on the path from two value

  called path dependent functions. There are two common path dependent functions, heat and work.

  Example: Ice melting.

  Explanation: In the process of ice melting, the path functions are heat and work.

  These heat and work can explain how way the ice melting (absorb heat energy to get melt).

• State function: The state function or state property of a system assign the properties of a systems depends upon only its present state not past or future state.

  Example: Internal energy of a ball.

  Explanation: (see in Figure.1) The internal energy of a ball is consider the initial and final of the process (fall down).

• System: In thermodynamics the system is defined as quantity of matter or region in the universe.

  

  Figure 2

• Surrounding: Surrounding is include everything else around the system in the universe.

  Example: A conical flask containing a solution.

  Explanation: ( See in the fig.2) In this case we consider the conical flask containing solution in which the solution is the system and other than the solution is surrounding.

Conclusion

Conclusion

The given terms were defined.