Chapter 7, Problem 19E

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between lead and oxygen gas is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

A chemical reaction is a process in which rearrangement of atom or ions takes place between two reacting species. A balanced chemical equation represents an equation in which all the reactants and products are written with their stoichiometric coefficient and physical states. The number of atoms of an element on both sides of the equation is equal.

Answer to Problem 19E

The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between lead and oxygen gas is shown below.

$\text{2Pb}\left(s\right)+{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}\left(g\right)\to \text{2PbO}\left(s\right)$

Explanation of Solution

The unbalanced chemical equation for the reaction between lead and oxygen gas is shown below.

$\text{Pb}\left(s\right)+{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}\left(g\right)\to \text{PbO}\left(s\right)$

The numbers of atoms of elements on the left side of the reaction are not equal to the right side of the reaction. Therefore, the reaction is unbalanced.

A coefficient of $2$ is placed in front of $\text{Pb}$ and $\text{PbO}$ to balance the chemical equation.

Therefore, the balanced chemical equation for the reaction between lead and oxygen gas is shown below.

$\text{2Pb}\left(s\right)+{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}\left(g\right)\to \text{2PbO}\left(s\right)$

The numbers of atoms of each element on the left side of the reaction are equal to the right side of the reaction. Therefore, the reaction is balanced.

Conclusion

The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between lead and oxygen gas is given below.

$\text{2Pb}\left(s\right)+{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}\left(g\right)\to \text{2PbO}\left(s\right)$

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The balanced chemical equation of the decomposition reaction of lithium nitrate is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

A chemical reaction is a process in which rearrangement of atom or ions takes place between two reacting species. A balanced chemical equation represents an equation in which all the reactants and products are written with their stoichiometric coefficient and physical states. The number of atoms of an element on both sides of the equation is equal.

Answer to Problem 19E

The balanced chemical equation of the decomposition reaction of lithium nitrate is shown below.

${\text{2LiNO}}_3\left(s\right)\to {\text{2LiNO}}_2\left(s\right)+{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}\left(g\right)$

Explanation of Solution

The unbalanced chemical equation of the decomposition reaction of lithium nitrate is shown below.

${\text{LiNO}}_3\left(s\right)\to {\text{LiNO}}_2\left(s\right)+{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}\left(g\right)$

The numbers of atoms of elements on the left side of the reaction are not equal to the right side of the reaction. Therefore, the reaction is unbalanced.

A coefficient of $2$is placed in front of ${\text{LiNO}}_3$ and ${\text{LiNO}}_2$ to balance the chemical equation.

Therefore, the balanced chemical equation of the decomposition reaction of lithium nitrate is shown below.

${\text{2LiNO}}_3\left(s\right)\to {\text{2LiNO}}_2\left(s\right)+{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}\left(g\right)$

The numbers of atoms of each element on the left side of the reaction are equal to the right side of the reaction. Therefore, the reaction is balanced.

Conclusion

The balanced chemical equation of the decomposition reaction of lithium nitrate is given below.

${\text{2LiNO}}_3\left(s\right)\to {\text{2LiNO}}_2\left(s\right)+{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}\left(g\right)$

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between magnesium metal and acetic acid is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

A chemical reaction is a process in which rearrangement of atom or ions takes place between two reacting species. A balanced chemical equation represents an equation in which all the reactants and products are written with their stoichiometric coefficient and physical states. The number of atoms of an element on both sides of the equation is equal.

Answer to Problem 19E

The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between magnesium metal and acetic acid is shown below.

$\text{Mg}\left(s\right)+{\text{2HC}}_{\text{2}}{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}\left(aq\right)\to \text{Mg}{\left({\text{C}}_{\text{2}}{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}\right)}_2\left(aq\right)+{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\left(g\right)$

Explanation of Solution

The unbalanced chemical equation for the reaction between magnesium metal and acetic acid is shown below.

$\text{Mg}\left(s\right)+{\text{HC}}_{\text{2}}{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}\left(aq\right)\to \text{Mg}{\left({\text{C}}_{\text{2}}{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}\right)}_2\left(aq\right)+{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\left(g\right)$

The numbers of atoms of elements on the left side of the reaction are not equal to the right side of the reaction. Therefore, the reaction is unbalanced.

A coefficient of $2$ is placed in front of ${\text{HC}}_{\text{2}}{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}$ to balance the chemical equation.

Therefore, the balanced chemical equation for the reaction between magnesium metal and acetic acid is shown below.

$\text{Mg}\left(s\right)+{\text{2HC}}_{\text{2}}{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}\left(aq\right)\to \text{Mg}{\left({\text{C}}_{\text{2}}{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}\right)}_2\left(aq\right)+{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\left(g\right)$

The numbers of atoms of each element on the left side of the reaction are equal to the right side of the reaction. Therefore, the reaction is balanced.

Conclusion

The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between magnesium metal and acetic acid is given below.

$\text{Mg}\left(s\right)+{\text{2HC}}_{\text{2}}{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}\left(aq\right)\to \text{Mg}{\left({\text{C}}_{\text{2}}{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}\right)}_2\left(aq\right)+{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\left(g\right)$

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between mercury nitrate and sodium bromide is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

A chemical reaction is a process in which rearrangement of atom or ions takes place between two reacting species. A balanced chemical equation represents an equation in which all the reactants and products are written with their stoichiometric coefficient and physical states. The number of atoms of an element on both sides of the equation is equal.

Answer to Problem 19E

The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between mercury nitrate and sodium bromide is shown below.

${\text{Hg}}_2{\left({\text{NO}}_3\right)}_2\left(aq\right)+\text{2NaBr}\left(aq\right)\to {\text{Hg}}_2{\text{Br}}_2\left(s\right)+{\text{2NaNO}}_3\left(aq\right)$

Explanation of Solution

The unbalanced chemical equation for the reaction between mercury nitrate and sodium bromide is shown below.

${\text{Hg}}_2{\left({\text{NO}}_3\right)}_2\left(aq\right)+\text{NaBr}\left(aq\right)\to {\text{Hg}}_2{\text{Br}}_2\left(s\right)+{\text{NaNO}}_3\left(aq\right)$

The numbers of atoms of elements on the left side of the reaction are not equal to the right side of the reaction. Therefore, the reaction is unbalanced.

A coefficient of $2$ is placed in front of $\text{NaBr}$ and ${\text{NaNO}}_3$ to balance the chemical equation.

Therefore, the balanced chemical equation for the reaction between mercury nitrate and sodium bromide is shown below.

${\text{Hg}}_2{\left({\text{NO}}_3\right)}_2\left(aq\right)+\text{2NaBr}\left(aq\right)\to {\text{Hg}}_2{\text{Br}}_2\left(s\right)+{\text{2NaNO}}_3\left(aq\right)$

The numbers of atoms of each element on the left side of the reaction are equal to the right side of the reaction. Therefore, the reaction is balanced.

Conclusion

The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between mercury nitrate and sodium bromide is given below.

${\text{Hg}}_2{\left({\text{NO}}_3\right)}_2\left(aq\right)+\text{2NaBr}\left(aq\right)\to {\text{Hg}}_2{\text{Br}}_2\left(s\right)+{\text{2NaNO}}_3\left(aq\right)$

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between carbonic acid and ammonium hydroxide is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

A chemical reaction is a process in which rearrangement of atom or ions takes place between two reacting species. A balanced chemical equation represents an equation in which all the reactants and products are written with their stoichiometric coefficient and physical states. The number of atoms of an element on both sides of the equation is equal.

Answer to Problem 19E

The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between carbonic acid and ammonium hydroxide is shown below.

${\text{H}}_2{\text{CO}}_3\left(aq\right)+2{\text{NH}}_{\text{4}}\text{OH}\left(aq\right)\to {\left({\text{NH}}_{\text{4}}\right)}_2{\text{CO}}_3\left(aq\right)+2{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}\left(l\right)$

Explanation of Solution

The unbalanced chemical equation for the reaction between carbonic acid and ammonium hydroxide is shown below.

${\text{H}}_2{\text{CO}}_3\left(aq\right)+{\text{NH}}_{\text{4}}\text{OH}\left(aq\right)\to {\left({\text{NH}}_{\text{4}}\right)}_2{\text{CO}}_3\left(aq\right)+{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}\left(l\right)$

The numbers of atoms of elements on the left side of the reaction are not equal to the right side of the reaction. Therefore, the reaction is unbalanced.

A coefficient of $2$ is placed in front of ${\text{NH}}_{\text{4}}\text{OH}$ and ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}$ to balance the reaction.

Therefore, the balanced chemical equation for the reaction between carbonic acid and ammonium hydroxide is shown below.

${\text{H}}_2{\text{CO}}_3\left(aq\right)+2{\text{NH}}_{\text{4}}\text{OH}\left(aq\right)\to {\left({\text{NH}}_{\text{4}}\right)}_2{\text{CO}}_3\left(aq\right)+2{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}\left(l\right)$

The numbers of atoms of each element on the left side of the reaction are equal to the right side of the reaction. Therefore, the reaction is balanced.

Conclusion

The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between carbonic acid and ammonium hydroxide is given below.

${\text{H}}_2{\text{CO}}_3\left(aq\right)+2{\text{NH}}_{\text{4}}\text{OH}\left(aq\right)\to {\left({\text{NH}}_{\text{4}}\right)}_2{\text{CO}}_3\left(aq\right)+2{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}\left(l\right)$