Chapter 7, Problem 17E

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between hydrogen gas and nitrogen gas is to be balanced.

Concept introduction:

A chemical reaction is a process in which rearrangement of atom or ions takes place between two reacting species. A balanced chemical equation represents an equation in which all the reactants and products are written with their stoichiometric coefficient and physical states. The number of atoms of an element on both sides of the equation is equal.

Answer to Problem 17E

The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between hydrogen gas and nitrogen gas is shown below.

${\text{3H}}_{\text{2}}\left(g\right)+{\text{N}}_{\text{2}}\left(g\right)\to 2{\text{NH}}_{\text{3}}\left(g\right)$

Explanation of Solution

The unbalanced chemical equation for the reaction between hydrogen gas and nitrogen gas is shown below.

${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\left(g\right)+{\text{N}}_{\text{2}}\left(g\right)\to {\text{NH}}_{\text{3}}\left(g\right)$

The numbers of atoms of elements on the left side of the reaction are not equal to the right side of the reaction. Therefore, the reaction is unbalanced.

A coefficient of $2$ is placed in front of ${\text{NH}}_{\text{3}}$ and a coefficient of $3$ is placed in front of ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}$ to balance the chemical equation.

Therefore, the balanced chemical equation for the reaction between hydrogen gas and nitrogen gas is shown below.

${\text{3H}}_{\text{2}}\left(g\right)+{\text{N}}_{\text{2}}\left(g\right)\to 2{\text{NH}}_{\text{3}}\left(g\right)$

The numbers of atoms of each element on the left side of the reaction are equal to that on the right side of the reaction. Therefore, the reaction is balanced.

Conclusion

The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between hydrogen gas and nitrogen gas is shown below.

${\text{3H}}_{\text{2}}\left(g\right)+{\text{N}}_{\text{2}}\left(g\right)\to 2{\text{NH}}_{\text{3}}\left(g\right)$

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The balanced chemical equation of the decomposition reaction of aluminum carbonate is to be balanced.

Concept introduction:

A chemical reaction is a process in which rearrangement of atom or ions takes place between two reacting species. A balanced chemical equation represents an equation in which all the reactants and products are written with their stoichiometric coefficient and physical states. The number of atoms of an element on both sides of the equation is equal.

Answer to Problem 17E

The balanced chemical equation of the decomposition reaction of aluminum carbonate is shown below.

${\text{Al}}_{\text{2}}{\left({\text{CO}}_3\right)}_3\left(s\right)\to {\text{Al}}_{\text{2}}{\text{O}}_3\left(s\right)+3{\text{CO}}_2\left(g\right)$

Explanation of Solution

The unbalanced chemical equation of the decomposition reaction of aluminum carbonate is shown below.

${\text{Al}}_{\text{2}}{\left({\text{CO}}_3\right)}_3\left(s\right)\to {\text{Al}}_{\text{2}}{\text{O}}_3\left(s\right)+{\text{CO}}_2\left(g\right)$

The numbers of atoms of elements on the left side of the reaction are not equal to that on the right side of the reaction. Therefore, the reaction is unbalanced.

A coefficient of $3$ is placed in front of ${\text{CO}}_2$ to balance the chemical equation.

Therefore, the balanced chemical equation of the decomposition reaction of aluminum carbonate is shown below.

${\text{Al}}_{\text{2}}{\left({\text{CO}}_3\right)}_3\left(s\right)\to {\text{Al}}_{\text{2}}{\text{O}}_3\left(s\right)+3{\text{CO}}_2\left(g\right)$

The numbers of atoms of each element on the left side of the reaction are equal to that on the right side of the reaction. Therefore, the reaction is balanced.

Conclusion

The balanced chemical equation of the decomposition reaction of aluminum carbonate is shown below.

${\text{Al}}_{\text{2}}{\left({\text{CO}}_3\right)}_3\left(s\right)\to {\text{Al}}_{\text{2}}{\text{O}}_3\left(s\right)+3{\text{CO}}_2\left(g\right)$

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between strontium metal and water is to be balanced.

Concept introduction:

A chemical reaction is a process in which rearrangement of atom or ions takes place between two reacting species. A balanced chemical equation represents an equation in which all the reactants and products are written with their stoichiometric coefficient and physical states. The number of atoms of an element on both sides of the equation is equal.

Answer to Problem 17E

The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between strontium metal and water is shown below.

$\text{Sr}\left(s\right)+2{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}\left(l\right)\to \text{Sr}{\left(\text{OH}\right)}_{\text{2}}\left(aq\right)+{\text{H}}_2\left(g\right)$

Explanation of Solution

The unbalanced chemical equation for the reaction between strontium metal and water is shown below.

$\text{Sr}\left(s\right)+{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}\left(l\right)\to \text{Sr}{\left(\text{OH}\right)}_{\text{2}}\left(aq\right)+{\text{H}}_2\left(g\right)$

The numbers of atoms of elements on the left side of the reaction are not equal to that on the right side of the reaction. Therefore, the reaction is unbalanced.

A coefficient of $2$ is placed in front of ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}$ to balance the chemical equation.

Therefore, the balanced chemical equation for the reaction between strontium metal and water is shown below.

$\text{Sr}\left(s\right)+2{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}\left(l\right)\to \text{Sr}{\left(\text{OH}\right)}_{\text{2}}\left(aq\right)+{\text{H}}_2\left(g\right)$

The numbers of atoms of each element on the left side of the reaction are equal to that on the right side of the reaction. Therefore, the reaction is balanced.

Conclusion

The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between strontium metal and water is shown below.

$\text{Sr}\left(s\right)+2{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}\left(l\right)\to \text{Sr}{\left(\text{OH}\right)}_{\text{2}}\left(aq\right)+{\text{H}}_2\left(g\right)$

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between potassium sulfate and barium hydroxide is to be balanced.

Concept introduction:

A chemical reaction is a process in which rearrangement of atom or ions takes place between two reacting species. A balanced chemical equation represents an equation in which all the reactants and products are written with their stoichiometric coefficient and physical states. The number of atoms of an element on both sides of the equation is equal.

Answer to Problem 17E

The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between potassium sulfate and barium hydroxide is shown below.

${\text{K}}_2{\text{SO}}_4\left(aq\right)+\text{Ba}{\left(\text{OH}\right)}_{\text{2}}\left(aq\right)\to {\text{BaSO}}_{\text{4}}\left(s\right)+2\text{KOH}\left(aq\right)$

Explanation of Solution

The unbalanced chemical equation for the reaction between potassium sulfate and barium hydroxide is shown below.

${\text{K}}_2{\text{SO}}_4\left(aq\right)+\text{Ba}{\left(\text{OH}\right)}_{\text{2}}\left(aq\right)\to {\text{BaSO}}_{\text{4}}\left(s\right)+\text{KOH}\left(aq\right)$

The numbers of atoms of elements on the left side of the reaction are not equal to that on the right side of the reaction. Therefore, the reaction is unbalanced.

A coefficient of $2$ is placed in front of $\text{KOH}$ to balance the chemical equation.

Therefore, the balanced chemical equation for the reaction between potassium sulfate and barium hydroxide is shown below.

${\text{K}}_2{\text{SO}}_4\left(aq\right)+\text{Ba}{\left(\text{OH}\right)}_{\text{2}}\left(aq\right)\to {\text{BaSO}}_{\text{4}}\left(s\right)+2\text{KOH}\left(aq\right)$

The numbers of atoms of each element on the left side of the reaction are equal to that on the right side of the reaction. Therefore, the reaction is balanced.

Conclusion

The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between potassium sulfate and barium hydroxide is shown below.

${\text{K}}_2{\text{SO}}_4\left(aq\right)+\text{Ba}{\left(\text{OH}\right)}_{\text{2}}\left(aq\right)\to {\text{BaSO}}_{\text{4}}\left(s\right)+2\text{KOH}\left(aq\right)$

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between phosphoric acid and manganese hydroxide is to be balanced.

Concept introduction:

A chemical reaction is a process in which rearrangement of atom or ions takes place between two reacting species. A balanced chemical equation represents an equation in which all the reactants and products are written with their stoichiometric coefficient and physical states. The number of atoms of an element on both sides of the equation is equal.

Answer to Problem 17E

The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between phosphoric acid and manganese hydroxide is shown below.

${\text{2H}}_3{\text{PO}}_4\left(aq\right)+3\text{Mn}{\left(\text{OH}\right)}_{\text{2}}\left(s\right)\to {\text{Mn}}_3{\left({\text{PO}}_{\text{4}}\right)}_2\left(s\right)+6{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}\left(l\right)$

Explanation of Solution

The unbalanced chemical equation for the reaction between phosphoric acid and manganese hydroxide is shown below.

${\text{H}}_3{\text{PO}}_4\left(aq\right)+\text{Mn}{\left(\text{OH}\right)}_{\text{2}}\left(s\right)\to {\text{Mn}}_3{\left({\text{PO}}_{\text{4}}\right)}_2\left(s\right)+{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}\left(l\right)$

The numbers of atoms of elements on the left side of the reaction are not equal to that on the right side of the reaction. Therefore, the reaction is unbalanced.

A coefficient of $2$ is placed in front of ${\text{H}}_3{\text{PO}}_4$, a coefficient of $3$ is placed in front of $\text{Mn}{\left(\text{OH}\right)}_{\text{2}}$ and a coefficient of $6$ is placed in front of ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}$ to balance the reaction.

Therefore, the balanced chemical equation for the reaction between phosphoric acid and manganese hydroxide is shown below.

${\text{2H}}_3{\text{PO}}_4\left(aq\right)+3\text{Mn}{\left(\text{OH}\right)}_{\text{2}}\left(s\right)\to {\text{Mn}}_3{\left({\text{PO}}_{\text{4}}\right)}_2\left(s\right)+6{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}\left(l\right)$

The numbers of atoms of each element on the left side of the reaction are equal to that on the right side of the reaction. Therefore, the reaction is balanced.

Conclusion

The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between phosphoric acid and manganese hydroxide is shown below.

${\text{2H}}_3{\text{PO}}_4\left(aq\right)+3\text{Mn}{\left(\text{OH}\right)}_{\text{2}}\left(s\right)\to {\text{Mn}}_3{\left({\text{PO}}_{\text{4}}\right)}_2\left(s\right)+6{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}\left(l\right)$