WHAT IS LIFE? A GUIDE TO BIO 3E+LAUNCHPA
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9781319103316
Author: PHELAN
Publisher: Macmillan Higher Education
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Chapter 7, Problem 14MC
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Phenylketonuria is characterized by the build-up of phenylalanine in cells.
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What unusual phenomenon is at work in each of the following disorders?
Which pathology leads to an increased risk of Alzheimer’s disease?
Select one:
a. Accumulation of the Amyloid β peptide
b. Homozygosity for the e2 ApoE allele
c. Sedentary lifestyle in young adulthood
d. A mutation in the presenilin 4 gene
e. Increase in blood cholesterol
What unsual phenomenon is at work in each of the following disorders?
Chapter 7 Solutions
WHAT IS LIFE? A GUIDE TO BIO 3E+LAUNCHPA
Ch. 7 - Prob. 1SACh. 7 - Prob. 2SACh. 7 - Prob. 3SACh. 7 - Prob. 4SACh. 7 - Prob. 5SACh. 7 - Prob. 6SACh. 7 - Prob. 7SACh. 7 - Prob. 8SACh. 7 - Prob. 9SACh. 7 - Prob. 10SA
Ch. 7 - Prob. 11SACh. 7 - Prob. 12SACh. 7 - Prob. 13SACh. 7 - Prob. 14SACh. 7 - Prob. 15SACh. 7 - Prob. 1MCCh. 7 - Prob. 2MCCh. 7 - Prob. 3MCCh. 7 - Prob. 4MCCh. 7 - Prob. 5MCCh. 7 - Prob. 6MCCh. 7 - Prob. 7MCCh. 7 - Prob. 8MCCh. 7 - Prob. 9MCCh. 7 - Prob. 10MCCh. 7 - Prob. 11MCCh. 7 - Prob. 12MCCh. 7 - Prob. 13MCCh. 7 - Prob. 14MCCh. 7 - Prob. 15MCCh. 7 - Prob. 16MC
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- Which of the following scenarios best describes an epistatic gene? Select one: a. Fur pattern is controlled by two genes such that one gene inhibits the expression of the other gene. b. Chicken combs follow a dominance hierarchy whereby a walnut comb is the most dominant and a single comb is the least dominant. c. Individuals with sickle cell anemia and carriers of the sickle cell allele have some resistance to malaria. d. Mouse fur colours are expressed as a blend of the dominant black colour and the recessive white colour, resulting in a heterozygous brown colour.arrow_forwardIn a study, an undergraduate student discovered a new enzyme involved in the metabolism of serotonin. This enzyme is made up of 3 subunits of the same protein. To characterize this enzyme, the student used genetic approaches to induce mutations in the coding region of the gene that codes for this protein and performed crosses to measure the effects of genotypes on enzyme activity. A) Indicate directly in the diagram (via a bar graph) the predicted relationship between genotype and enzyme activity. (Al represents the wild-type allele, A2 represents the mutant allele). A2A2 A1A2 A1Α1 B) Explain the reasoning for your prediction. Enzyme Activityarrow_forwardIf a woman who is a carrier for Tay-Sachs has children with a man who is not a Tay-Sachs carrier, what is the probability that one of their children will be a carrier for Tay-Sachs? (Sketch a Punnett square to help you find the correct answer.) a. None b. 25% c. 50% d. 75% e. 100%arrow_forward
- Which of the following experimental observations suggest that adisease has a genetic basis?A. The frequency of the disease is less likely in relatives that liveapart compared with relatives that live together.B. The frequency of the disease is unusually high in a small groupof genetically related individuals who live in southern Spain.C. The disease symptoms usually begin around the age of 40.D. It is more likely that both monozygotic twins will be affectedby the disease than will dizygotic twins.arrow_forwardAlbinism is characterized by the lack of a dark pigment called melanin in the hair, skin and eyes. Albinism is caused by the absence of an functioning enzyme called thyrosinase, which is necessary for the synthesis of melanin. Given this bit of information, what can you assume about the heredity pattern of this trait? A) It is caused by a recessive allele of the gene coding for thyrosinase. B) It is caused by a dominant allele of the gene coding for melanin. C) It is caused by a dominant allele of the gene coding for thyrosinase. D) It is caused by a recessive allele of the gene coding for melanin. E) There is not enough information here to tellarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements describes an example of a phenocopy? Explain your reasoning. a. Phenylketonuria results from a recessive mutation that causes light skin as well as intellectual disability. b. Human height is influenced by genes at many different loci. c. Dwarf plants and mottled leaves in tomatoes are caused by separate genes that are linked. d. Vestigial wings in Drosophila are produced by a recessive mutation. This trait is also produced by high temperature during development. e. Intelligence in humans is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors.arrow_forward
- Sickle-cell disease (often called sickle-cell anemia) is a disease that is caused by a mutation to the gene that is responsible for producing the protein hemoglobin. Remember that hemoglobin is a protein in the red blood cells which is responsible for carrying oxygen throughout the body. When a person possesses the mutated hemoglobin allele, their red blood cells take on an altered shape and this results in a variety of symptoms ranging from general weakening of the body, damage to the organs and even death. The sickle cell allele is recessive to the healthy allele, thus only individuals that are homozygous for the recessive allele will have sickle-cell disease. Individuals that are homozygous for the healthy allele, along with heterozygous, individuals will be physically healthy. Question: Given that this mutated allele will cause disease and death in individuals, what would you predict to occur to the frequency of this allele in the population? Explain.arrow_forwardGlucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is a critical enzyme involved in the metabolism of glucose,especially in red blood cells. Deficiencies in the enzymeare the most common human enzyme defect and occurat a high frequency in certain populations of East Africanchildren.a. Offer one hypothesis for the high incidence of G6PDmutations in East African children.b. How would you test your hypothesis further?c. Scores of different G6PD mutations affecting enzyme function have been found in human populations.Offer one explanation for the abundance of differentG6PD mutations.arrow_forwardWe often speak of diseases such as phenylketonuria (PKU) andachondroplasia as having a genetic basis. Explain whether the followingstatements are accurate with regard to the genetic basis ofany human disease (not just PKU and achondroplasia).A. An individual must inherit two copies of a mutant allele to havedisease symptoms.B. A genetic predisposition means that an individual has inheritedone or more alleles that make it more likely that she or he willdevelop disease symptoms than other individuals in a populationwill.C. A genetic predisposition to develop a disease may be passedfrom parents to offspring.D. The genetic basis for a disease is always more important thanthe environment.arrow_forward
- 20.TRC is a non mendelian trait. A.what is the mode of inheritance of total ridge count (TRC) in human? B. Give two factor that influence this TRC trait. C.if father has genotype of AaBbccdd and mother has a aaBbccDd .what is the genotype of the maximum and minimum TRC for their expected children?arrow_forwardAlzheimer’s is a progressive neurological disorder resulting in dementia and memory loss that occurs in 10% of the US population older than 65. In the 1990s, several researchers showed evidence that the allele of a cholesterol precursor gene, APO E4, increased risk of developing the disorder compared to APO E2 or APO E3. This was especially pronounced if patients carried two alleles of APO E4. However, not all people with APO E4 develop the disorder and some without it will present with Alzheimer's nevertheless. This suggests other genes influence development of the disease. Current research has elucidated dozens of genes that interact with APO E4 pathways in hundreds of ways. As many as 27 of the interactions are epistatic, with some as dominant epistasis and some as recessive epistasis. In addition, some of the gene candidates for non-APO E4 Alzheimer’s have other relationships such as dominant, codominant or incomplete dominant. No reliable cure currently exists for Alzheimer’s…arrow_forwardAlzheimer’s is a progressive neurological disorder resulting in dementia and memory loss that occurs in 10% of the US population older than 65. In the 1990s, several researchers showed evidence that the allele of a cholesterol precursor gene, APO E4, increased risk of developing the disorder compared to APO E2 or APO E3. This was especially pronounced if patients carried two alleles of APO E4. However, not all people with APO E4 develop the disorder and some without it will present with Alzheimer's nevertheless. This suggests other genes influence development of the disease. Current research has elucidated dozens of genes that interact with APO E4 pathways in hundreds of ways. As many as 27 of the interactions are epistatic, with some as dominant epistasis and some as recessive epistasis. In addition, some of the gene candidates for non-APO E4 Alzheimer’s have other relationships such as dominant, codominant or incomplete dominant. No reliable cure currently exists for Alzheimer’s…arrow_forward
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