a) Interpretation: The reaction of the alkene, 2-butene, with a proton to give a carbocation is to be shown using curved arrows. The structure of the carbocation formed as also to be given. Concept introduction: The double bond in alkenes is nucleophilic. The π electrons can be donated to a proton. By donating the π electrons one of the carbons in the double bond forms a new C-H bond while the other carbon gets a positive charge resulting in a carbocation. Curved arrows start from a nucleophilic source (neutral or negatively charged) and end in an electrophilic sink (neutral or positively charged). During the flow of the electrons the octet rule must be maintained both in the source and sink. To show: Using curved arrows the reaction of the alkene, 2-butene, with a proton to give a carbocation and also to give the structure of the carbocation.

Question

Q2: Ranking Acidity a) Rank the labeled protons in the following molecule in order of increasing pKa. Briefly explain the ranking. Use Table 2.2 as reference. Ha Нь HC H-N Ha OHe b) Atenolol is a drug used to treat high blood pressure. Which of the indicated N-H bonds is more acidic? Explain. (Hint: use resonance structures to help) Name the functional groups on atenolol. H H-N atenolol Ν H-N OH Н

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 6.SE, Problem 41AP

Interpretation Introduction

a)

Interpretation:

The reaction of the alkene, 2-butene, with a proton to give a carbocation is to be shown using curved arrows. The structure of the carbocation formed as also to be given.

Concept introduction:

The double bond in alkenes is nucleophilic. The π electrons can be donated to a proton. By donating the π electrons one of the carbons in the double bond forms a new C-H bond while the other carbon gets a positive charge resulting in a carbocation.

Curved arrows start from a nucleophilic source (neutral or negatively charged) and end in an electrophilic sink (neutral or positively charged). During the flow of the electrons the octet rule must be maintained both in the source and sink.

To show:

Using curved arrows the reaction of the alkene, 2-butene, with a proton to give a carbocation and also to give the structure of the carbocation.

Interpretation Introduction

b)

Interpretation:

The reaction of the alkene, cyclopentene, with a proton to give a carbocation is to be shown using curved arrows. The structure of the carbocation formed as also to be given.

Concept introduction:

The double bond in alkenes is nucleophilic. The π electrons can be donated to a proton. By donating the π electrons one of the carbons in the double bond forms a new C-H bond while the other carbon gets a positive charge resulting in a carbocation.

Curved arrows start from a nucleophilic source (neutral or negatively charged) and end in an electrophilic sink (neutral or positively charged). During the flow of the electrons the octet rule must be maintained both in the source and sink.

To show:

Using curved arrows the reaction of the alkene, cyclopentene, with a proton to give a carbocation and also to give the structure of the carbocation.

Interpretation Introduction

c)

Interpretation:

The reaction of the alkene, 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene, with a proton to give a carbocation is to be shown using curved arrows. The structure of the carbocation formed as also to be given.

Concept introduction:

The double bond in alkenes is nucleophilic. The π electrons can be donated to a proton. By donating the π electrons one of the carbons in the double bond forms a new C-H bond while the other carbon gets a positive charge resulting in a carbocation.

Curved arrows start from a nucleophilic source (neutral or negatively charged) and end in an electrophilic sink (neutral or positively charged). During the flow of the electrons the octet rule must be maintained both in the source and sink.

To show:

Using curved arrows the reaction of the alkene, 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene, with a proton to give a carbocation and also to give the structure of the carbocation.

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Q2: Ranking Acidity a) Rank the labeled protons in the following molecule in order of increasing pKa. Briefly explain the ranking. Use Table 2.2 as reference. Ha Нь HC H-N Ha OHe b) Atenolol is a drug used to treat high blood pressure. Which of the indicated N-H bonds is more acidic? Explain. (Hint: use resonance structures to help) Name the functional groups on atenolol. H H-N atenolol Ν H-N OH Н

Answer d, e, and f

If the rotational constant of a molecule is B = 120 cm-1, it can be stated that the transition from 2←1:a) gives rise to a line at 120 cm-1b) is a forbidden transitionc) gives rise to a line at 240 cm-1d) gives rise to a line at 480 cm-1

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 6.SE, Problem 41AP

Interpretation Introduction

a)

Interpretation:

The reaction of the alkene, 2-butene, with a proton to give a carbocation is to be shown using curved arrows. The structure of the carbocation formed as also to be given.

Concept introduction:

The double bond in alkenes is nucleophilic. The π electrons can be donated to a proton. By donating the π electrons one of the carbons in the double bond forms a new C-H bond while the other carbon gets a positive charge resulting in a carbocation.

Curved arrows start from a nucleophilic source (neutral or negatively charged) and end in an electrophilic sink (neutral or positively charged). During the flow of the electrons the octet rule must be maintained both in the source and sink.

To show:

Using curved arrows the reaction of the alkene, 2-butene, with a proton to give a carbocation and also to give the structure of the carbocation.

Interpretation Introduction

b)

Interpretation:

The reaction of the alkene, cyclopentene, with a proton to give a carbocation is to be shown using curved arrows. The structure of the carbocation formed as also to be given.

Concept introduction:

The double bond in alkenes is nucleophilic. The π electrons can be donated to a proton. By donating the π electrons one of the carbons in the double bond forms a new C-H bond while the other carbon gets a positive charge resulting in a carbocation.

Curved arrows start from a nucleophilic source (neutral or negatively charged) and end in an electrophilic sink (neutral or positively charged). During the flow of the electrons the octet rule must be maintained both in the source and sink.

To show:

Using curved arrows the reaction of the alkene, cyclopentene, with a proton to give a carbocation and also to give the structure of the carbocation.

Interpretation Introduction

c)

Interpretation:

The reaction of the alkene, 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene, with a proton to give a carbocation is to be shown using curved arrows. The structure of the carbocation formed as also to be given.

Concept introduction:

The double bond in alkenes is nucleophilic. The π electrons can be donated to a proton. By donating the π electrons one of the carbons in the double bond forms a new C-H bond while the other carbon gets a positive charge resulting in a carbocation.

Curved arrows start from a nucleophilic source (neutral or negatively charged) and end in an electrophilic sink (neutral or positively charged). During the flow of the electrons the octet rule must be maintained both in the source and sink.

To show:

Using curved arrows the reaction of the alkene, 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene, with a proton to give a carbocation and also to give the structure of the carbocation.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 6.SE, Problem 41AP

Interpretation Introduction

a)

Interpretation:

The reaction of the alkene, 2-butene, with a proton to give a carbocation is to be shown using curved arrows. The structure of the carbocation formed as also to be given.

Concept introduction:

The double bond in alkenes is nucleophilic. The π electrons can be donated to a proton. By donating the π electrons one of the carbons in the double bond forms a new C-H bond while the other carbon gets a positive charge resulting in a carbocation.

Curved arrows start from a nucleophilic source (neutral or negatively charged) and end in an electrophilic sink (neutral or positively charged). During the flow of the electrons the octet rule must be maintained both in the source and sink.

To show:

Using curved arrows the reaction of the alkene, 2-butene, with a proton to give a carbocation and also to give the structure of the carbocation.

Interpretation Introduction

b)

Interpretation:

The reaction of the alkene, cyclopentene, with a proton to give a carbocation is to be shown using curved arrows. The structure of the carbocation formed as also to be given.

Concept introduction:

The double bond in alkenes is nucleophilic. The π electrons can be donated to a proton. By donating the π electrons one of the carbons in the double bond forms a new C-H bond while the other carbon gets a positive charge resulting in a carbocation.

Curved arrows start from a nucleophilic source (neutral or negatively charged) and end in an electrophilic sink (neutral or positively charged). During the flow of the electrons the octet rule must be maintained both in the source and sink.

To show:

Using curved arrows the reaction of the alkene, cyclopentene, with a proton to give a carbocation and also to give the structure of the carbocation.

Interpretation Introduction

c)

Interpretation:

The reaction of the alkene, 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene, with a proton to give a carbocation is to be shown using curved arrows. The structure of the carbocation formed as also to be given.

Concept introduction:

The double bond in alkenes is nucleophilic. The π electrons can be donated to a proton. By donating the π electrons one of the carbons in the double bond forms a new C-H bond while the other carbon gets a positive charge resulting in a carbocation.

Curved arrows start from a nucleophilic source (neutral or negatively charged) and end in an electrophilic sink (neutral or positively charged). During the flow of the electrons the octet rule must be maintained both in the source and sink.

To show:

Using curved arrows the reaction of the alkene, 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene, with a proton to give a carbocation and also to give the structure of the carbocation.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 6.SE, Problem 41AP

Interpretation Introduction

a)

Interpretation:

The reaction of the alkene, 2-butene, with a proton to give a carbocation is to be shown using curved arrows. The structure of the carbocation formed as also to be given.

Concept introduction:

The double bond in alkenes is nucleophilic. The π electrons can be donated to a proton. By donating the π electrons one of the carbons in the double bond forms a new C-H bond while the other carbon gets a positive charge resulting in a carbocation.

Curved arrows start from a nucleophilic source (neutral or negatively charged) and end in an electrophilic sink (neutral or positively charged). During the flow of the electrons the octet rule must be maintained both in the source and sink.

To show:

Using curved arrows the reaction of the alkene, 2-butene, with a proton to give a carbocation and also to give the structure of the carbocation.

Interpretation Introduction

b)

Interpretation:

The reaction of the alkene, cyclopentene, with a proton to give a carbocation is to be shown using curved arrows. The structure of the carbocation formed as also to be given.

Concept introduction:

The double bond in alkenes is nucleophilic. The π electrons can be donated to a proton. By donating the π electrons one of the carbons in the double bond forms a new C-H bond while the other carbon gets a positive charge resulting in a carbocation.

Curved arrows start from a nucleophilic source (neutral or negatively charged) and end in an electrophilic sink (neutral or positively charged). During the flow of the electrons the octet rule must be maintained both in the source and sink.

To show:

Using curved arrows the reaction of the alkene, cyclopentene, with a proton to give a carbocation and also to give the structure of the carbocation.

Interpretation Introduction

c)

Interpretation:

The reaction of the alkene, 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene, with a proton to give a carbocation is to be shown using curved arrows. The structure of the carbocation formed as also to be given.

Concept introduction:

The double bond in alkenes is nucleophilic. The π electrons can be donated to a proton. By donating the π electrons one of the carbons in the double bond forms a new C-H bond while the other carbon gets a positive charge resulting in a carbocation.

Curved arrows start from a nucleophilic source (neutral or negatively charged) and end in an electrophilic sink (neutral or positively charged). During the flow of the electrons the octet rule must be maintained both in the source and sink.

To show:

Using curved arrows the reaction of the alkene, 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene, with a proton to give a carbocation and also to give the structure of the carbocation.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 5

Chapter 6.SE, Problem 41AP

Interpretation Introduction

a)

Interpretation:

The reaction of the alkene, 2-butene, with a proton to give a carbocation is to be shown using curved arrows. The structure of the carbocation formed as also to be given.

Concept introduction:

The double bond in alkenes is nucleophilic. The π electrons can be donated to a proton. By donating the π electrons one of the carbons in the double bond forms a new C-H bond while the other carbon gets a positive charge resulting in a carbocation.

Curved arrows start from a nucleophilic source (neutral or negatively charged) and end in an electrophilic sink (neutral or positively charged). During the flow of the electrons the octet rule must be maintained both in the source and sink.

To show:

Using curved arrows the reaction of the alkene, 2-butene, with a proton to give a carbocation and also to give the structure of the carbocation.

Interpretation Introduction

b)

Interpretation:

The reaction of the alkene, cyclopentene, with a proton to give a carbocation is to be shown using curved arrows. The structure of the carbocation formed as also to be given.

Concept introduction:

The double bond in alkenes is nucleophilic. The π electrons can be donated to a proton. By donating the π electrons one of the carbons in the double bond forms a new C-H bond while the other carbon gets a positive charge resulting in a carbocation.

Curved arrows start from a nucleophilic source (neutral or negatively charged) and end in an electrophilic sink (neutral or positively charged). During the flow of the electrons the octet rule must be maintained both in the source and sink.

To show:

Using curved arrows the reaction of the alkene, cyclopentene, with a proton to give a carbocation and also to give the structure of the carbocation.

Interpretation Introduction

c)

Interpretation:

The reaction of the alkene, 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene, with a proton to give a carbocation is to be shown using curved arrows. The structure of the carbocation formed as also to be given.

Concept introduction:

The double bond in alkenes is nucleophilic. The π electrons can be donated to a proton. By donating the π electrons one of the carbons in the double bond forms a new C-H bond while the other carbon gets a positive charge resulting in a carbocation.

Curved arrows start from a nucleophilic source (neutral or negatively charged) and end in an electrophilic sink (neutral or positively charged). During the flow of the electrons the octet rule must be maintained both in the source and sink.

To show:

Using curved arrows the reaction of the alkene, 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene, with a proton to give a carbocation and also to give the structure of the carbocation.

Answer 6

Chapter 6.SE, Problem 41AP

Interpretation Introduction

a)

Interpretation:

The reaction of the alkene, 2-butene, with a proton to give a carbocation is to be shown using curved arrows. The structure of the carbocation formed as also to be given.

Concept introduction:

The double bond in alkenes is nucleophilic. The π electrons can be donated to a proton. By donating the π electrons one of the carbons in the double bond forms a new C-H bond while the other carbon gets a positive charge resulting in a carbocation.

Curved arrows start from a nucleophilic source (neutral or negatively charged) and end in an electrophilic sink (neutral or positively charged). During the flow of the electrons the octet rule must be maintained both in the source and sink.

To show:

Using curved arrows the reaction of the alkene, 2-butene, with a proton to give a carbocation and also to give the structure of the carbocation.

Answer 7

Chapter 6.SE, Problem 41AP

Interpretation Introduction

a)

Interpretation:

The reaction of the alkene, 2-butene, with a proton to give a carbocation is to be shown using curved arrows. The structure of the carbocation formed as also to be given.

Concept introduction:

The double bond in alkenes is nucleophilic. The π electrons can be donated to a proton. By donating the π electrons one of the carbons in the double bond forms a new C-H bond while the other carbon gets a positive charge resulting in a carbocation.

Curved arrows start from a nucleophilic source (neutral or negatively charged) and end in an electrophilic sink (neutral or positively charged). During the flow of the electrons the octet rule must be maintained both in the source and sink.

To show:

Using curved arrows the reaction of the alkene, 2-butene, with a proton to give a carbocation and also to give the structure of the carbocation.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

b)

Interpretation:

The reaction of the alkene, cyclopentene, with a proton to give a carbocation is to be shown using curved arrows. The structure of the carbocation formed as also to be given.

Concept introduction:

The double bond in alkenes is nucleophilic. The π electrons can be donated to a proton. By donating the π electrons one of the carbons in the double bond forms a new C-H bond while the other carbon gets a positive charge resulting in a carbocation.

Curved arrows start from a nucleophilic source (neutral or negatively charged) and end in an electrophilic sink (neutral or positively charged). During the flow of the electrons the octet rule must be maintained both in the source and sink.

To show:

Using curved arrows the reaction of the alkene, cyclopentene, with a proton to give a carbocation and also to give the structure of the carbocation.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

b)

Interpretation:

The reaction of the alkene, cyclopentene, with a proton to give a carbocation is to be shown using curved arrows. The structure of the carbocation formed as also to be given.

Concept introduction:

The double bond in alkenes is nucleophilic. The π electrons can be donated to a proton. By donating the π electrons one of the carbons in the double bond forms a new C-H bond while the other carbon gets a positive charge resulting in a carbocation.

Curved arrows start from a nucleophilic source (neutral or negatively charged) and end in an electrophilic sink (neutral or positively charged). During the flow of the electrons the octet rule must be maintained both in the source and sink.

To show:

Using curved arrows the reaction of the alkene, cyclopentene, with a proton to give a carbocation and also to give the structure of the carbocation.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

c)

Interpretation:

The reaction of the alkene, 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene, with a proton to give a carbocation is to be shown using curved arrows. The structure of the carbocation formed as also to be given.

Concept introduction:

The double bond in alkenes is nucleophilic. The π electrons can be donated to a proton. By donating the π electrons one of the carbons in the double bond forms a new C-H bond while the other carbon gets a positive charge resulting in a carbocation.

Curved arrows start from a nucleophilic source (neutral or negatively charged) and end in an electrophilic sink (neutral or positively charged). During the flow of the electrons the octet rule must be maintained both in the source and sink.

To show:

Using curved arrows the reaction of the alkene, 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene, with a proton to give a carbocation and also to give the structure of the carbocation.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

c)

Interpretation:

The reaction of the alkene, 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene, with a proton to give a carbocation is to be shown using curved arrows. The structure of the carbocation formed as also to be given.

Concept introduction:

The double bond in alkenes is nucleophilic. The π electrons can be donated to a proton. By donating the π electrons one of the carbons in the double bond forms a new C-H bond while the other carbon gets a positive charge resulting in a carbocation.

Curved arrows start from a nucleophilic source (neutral or negatively charged) and end in an electrophilic sink (neutral or positively charged). During the flow of the electrons the octet rule must be maintained both in the source and sink.

To show:

Using curved arrows the reaction of the alkene, 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene, with a proton to give a carbocation and also to give the structure of the carbocation.

Answer 12

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Answer 23

Ch. 6.1 - Prob. 1P Ch. 6.3 - Prob. 2P Ch. 6.3 - Using curved fishhook arrows, propose a mechanism...Ch. 6.4 - Prob. 4P Ch. 6.4 - An electrostatic potential map of boron...Ch. 6.5 - What product would you expect from reaction of...Ch. 6.5 - Reaction of HBr with 2-methylpropene yields...Ch. 6.6 - Prob. 8P Ch. 6.6 - Predict the products of the following polar...Ch. 6.7 - Which reaction is more energetically favored, one...

Solution Summary: The author illustrates the reaction of the alkene, 2-butene with a proton to give the carbocation using curved arrows.

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