Chapter 6.9, Problem 23P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given set of reactions the major products should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.

In addition reaction of alkenes when two substituents are placed on same side of $C=C$ then it is named as $syn$ addition if it is placed on opposite sides of $C=C$ it is defined as anti-addition.

Nucleophile: Nucleophiles are electron rich compounds which donates electrons to electrophilic compounds which results in bond formation.

Nucleophilic nature depends on the negative charge present in the molecule, the solvent in which it present and the electronegativity of the atom.

If more than one nucleophile present in the reaction then the product of the reaction changed accordingly such that depending on the concentration of the other nucleophile.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given set of reactions the major products should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.

In addition reaction of alkenes when two substituents are placed on same side of $C=C$ then it is named as $syn$ addition if it is placed on opposite sides of $C=C$ it is defined as anti-addition.

Regioselective reaction: They are reactions which contain more than one product which are actually molecules with same molecular formula but different in the way they are connected and among those products only one product is major.

Markovnikov’s Addition Rule: The unsymmetrical alkene in a chemical compound reacts with hydrogen halide in a way, where halide ions attacks and bond to the more substitution position of carbon-carbon double bond.

Nucleophile: Nucleophiles are electron rich compounds which donates electrons to electrophilic compounds which results in bond formation.

If more than one nucleophile present in the reaction then the product of the reaction changed accordingly such that depending on the concentration of the other nucleophile.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given set of reactions the major products should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.

In addition reaction of alkenes when two substituents are placed on same side of $C=C$ then it is named as $syn$ addition if it is placed on opposite sides of $C=C$ it is defined as anti-addition.

Regioselective reaction: They are reactions which contain more than one product which are actually molecules with same molecular formula but different in the way they are connected and among those products only one product is major.

Markovnikov’s Addition Rule: The unsymmetrical alkene in a chemical compound reacts with hydrogen halide in a way, where halide ions attacks and bond to the more substitution position of carbon-carbon double bond.

Nucleophile: Nucleophiles are electron rich compounds which donates electrons to electrophilic compounds which results in bond formation.

If more than one nucleophile present in the reaction then the product of the reaction changed accordingly such that depending on the concentration of the other nucleophile.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given set of reactions the major products should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.

In addition reaction of alkenes when two substituents are placed on same side of $C=C$ then it is named as $syn$ addition if it is placed on opposite sides of $C=C$ it is defined as anti-addition.

Regioselective reaction: They are reactions which contain more than one product which are actually molecules with same molecular formula but different in the way they are connected and among those products only one product is major.

Markovnikov’s Addition Rule: The unsymmetrical alkene in a chemical compound reacts with hydrogen halide in a way, where halide ions attacks and bond to the more substitution position of carbon-carbon double bond.

Nucleophile: Nucleophiles are electron rich compounds which donates electrons to electrophilic compounds which results in bond formation.

If more than one nucleophile present in the reaction then the product of the reaction changed accordingly such that depending on the concentration of the other nucleophile.