(a) Interpretation: Whether the starting material or product is favored at equilibrium is to be predicted on the basis of the given value of Δ H ° . Concept introduction: The change in Gibbs free energy and enthalpy is represented by Δ G ° and Δ H ° respectively. They both are state functions. The relation of Δ G ° and Δ H ° is shown as, Δ G ° = Δ H ° − T ΔS° The change in Gibbs free energy describes the spontaneity of the reaction, whereas the change in enthalpy describes the relative bond strength in the substance.

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2. Make an ice cube at 1 bar pressure by freezing an amount of liquid water that is 2 cm x 2 cm x 2 cm in volume. The density of liquid water at 0 °C is 1.000 g cm³ and the density of ice at 0 °C is 0.915 g cm³. Note that this difference in density is the reason your water pipes burst if they freeze and why you shouldn't forget to take your bottle of pop out of the freezer if you put it in there to try and cool it down faster. A. What is the work of expansion upon freezing? B. Is work done on the system or by the system?

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Question

Chapter 6.6, Problem 13P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: Whether the starting material or product is favored at equilibrium is to be predicted on the basis of the given value of ΔH°.

Concept introduction: The change in Gibbs free energy and enthalpy is represented by ΔG° and ΔH° respectively. They both are state functions. The relation of ΔG° and ΔH° is shown as,

ΔG°=ΔH°−TΔS°

The change in Gibbs free energy describes the spontaneity of the reaction, whereas the change in enthalpy describes the relative bond strength in the substance.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: The starting material or product which is favored at equilibrium is to be identified.

Concept introduction: The change in Gibbs free energy and enthalpy is represented by ΔG° and ΔH° respectively. They both are state functions. The relation of ΔG° and ΔH° is shown as,

ΔG°=ΔH°−TΔS°

The change in Gibbs free energy describes the spontaneity of the reaction, whereas the change in enthalpy describes the relative bond strength in the substance.

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