For a reaction, an energy diagram needs to be drawn having a high E a and value of Δ H = + 20 kcal/mol . Concept Introduction: In energy diagram, energy versus progress of the reaction-the reaction coordinates are plotted. Reactants are placed in the left side and products in right side. These reactants and products are connected by a smooth curve that represent how energy change with time. When two reactions approach each other, a repulsion takes place, so the energy is increased until a maximum value is achieved. This state is called transition state and energy difference between the transition state and reactants are called the activation energy, E a . As the bonds form between the reactants, the energy decreases until a stable minimum energy is achieved. The difference in energy between the reactants and the products is the enthalpy change, ΔH.

Question

There is an instrument in Johnson 334 that measures total-reflectance x-ray fluorescence (TXRF) to do elemental analysis (i.e., determine what elements are present in a sample). A researcher is preparing a to measure calcium content in a series of well water samples by TXRF with an internal standard of vanadium (atomic symbol: V). She has prepared a series of standard solutions to ensure a linear instrument response over the expected Ca concentration range of 40-80 ppm. The concentrations of Ca and V (ppm) and the instrument response (peak area, arbitrary units) are shown below. Also included is a sample spectrum. Equation 1 describes the response factor, K, relating the analyte signal (SA) and the standard signal (SIS) to their respective concentrations (CA and CIS). Ca, ppm V, ppm SCa, arb. units SV, arb. units 20.0 10.0 14375.11 14261.02 40.0 10.0 36182.15 17997.10 60.0 10.0 39275.74 12988.01 80.0 10.0 57530.75 14268.54 100.0…

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 6.3, Problem 6.7PP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For a reaction, an energy diagram needs to be drawn having a high E_a and value of ΔH=+20 kcal/mol.

Concept Introduction:

In energy diagram, energy versus progress of the reaction-the reaction coordinates are plotted. Reactants are placed in the left side and products in right side. These reactants and products are connected by a smooth curve that represent how energy change with time.

When two reactions approach each other, a repulsion takes place, so the energy is increased until a maximum value is achieved. This state is called transition state and energy difference between the transition state and reactants are called the activation energy, E_a. As the bonds form between the reactants, the energy decreases until a stable minimum energy is achieved. The difference in energy between the reactants and the products is the enthalpy change, ΔH.

Expert Solution & Answer

Trending nowThis is a popular solution!

See solution

Check out sample textbook solution

Students have asked these similar questions

There is an instrument in Johnson 334 that measures total-reflectance x-ray fluorescence (TXRF) to do elemental analysis (i.e., determine what elements are present in a sample). A researcher is preparing a to measure calcium content in a series of well water samples by TXRF with an internal standard of vanadium (atomic symbol: V). She has prepared a series of standard solutions to ensure a linear instrument response over the expected Ca concentration range of 40-80 ppm. The concentrations of Ca and V (ppm) and the instrument response (peak area, arbitrary units) are shown below. Also included is a sample spectrum. Equation 1 describes the response factor, K, relating the analyte signal (SA) and the standard signal (SIS) to their respective concentrations (CA and CIS). Ca, ppm V, ppm SCa, arb. units SV, arb. units 20.0 10.0 14375.11 14261.02 40.0 10.0 36182.15 17997.10 60.0 10.0 39275.74 12988.01 80.0 10.0 57530.75 14268.54 100.0…

A mixture of 0.568 M H₂O, 0.438 M Cl₂O, and 0.710 M HClO are enclosed in a vessel at 25 °C. H₂O(g) + C₁₂O(g) = 2 HOCl(g) K = 0.0900 at 25°C с Calculate the equilibrium concentrations of each gas at 25 °C. [H₂O]= [C₁₂O]= [HOCI]= M Σ M

What units (if any) does the response factor (K) have? Does the response factor (K) depend upon how the concentration is expressed (e.g. molarity, ppm, ppb, etc.)?