Understanding Basic Statistics
8th Edition
ISBN: 9781337558075
Author: Charles Henry Brase, Corrinne Pellillo Brase
Publisher: Cengage Learning
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 6.2, Problem 9P
Critical Thinking According to the college registrar's office. 40% of students enrolled in an introductory statistics class this semester are freshmen, 25% are sophomores, 15% are juniors, and 20% are seniors. You want to determine the
(a) Describe a trial. Can we model a trial as having only two outcomes? If so, what is success? What is failure? What is the probability of success?
(b) We are sampling without replacement. If only 30 students are enrolled in introductory statistics this semester, is it appropriate to model 5 trials as independent. with the same probability of success on each trial? Explain. What other probability distribution would be more appropriate in this setting?
Expert Solution & Answer
Trending nowThis is a popular solution!
Students have asked these similar questions
In a study on speed control, it was found that the main reasons for regulations were to make traffic flow efficient and to minimize the risk of danger. An area that was focused on in the study was the distance required to completely stop a vehicle at various speeds. Use the following table to answer the questions.
MPH
Braking distance (yrds)
5
10
10
17
20
27
30
50
40
60
50
100
60
150
70
200
Business
3. Bayesian Inference – Updating Beliefs
A medical test for a rare disease has the following characteristics:
Sensitivity (true positive rate): 99%
Specificity (true negative rate): 98%
The disease occurs in 0.5% of the population.
A patient receives a positive test result.
Questions:
a) Define the relevant events and use Bayes’ Theorem to compute the probability that the patient actually has the disease.b) Explain why the result might seem counterintuitive, despite the high sensitivity and specificity.c) Discuss how prior probabilities influence posterior beliefs in Bayesian inference.d) Suppose a second, independent test with the same accuracy is conducted and is also positive. Update the probability that the patient has the disease.
Chapter 6 Solutions
Understanding Basic Statistics
Ch. 6.1 - Statistical Literacy Which of the following are...Ch. 6.1 - Statistical Literacy Which of the following are...Ch. 6.1 - Statistical Literacy Consider each distribution....Ch. 6.1 - Statistical Literacy At State College all classes...Ch. 6.1 - Statistical Literacy Consider two discrete...Ch. 6.1 - Statistical Literacy Consider the probability...Ch. 6.1 - Basic Computation: Expected Value and Standard...Ch. 6.1 - Basic Computation: Expected Value For a...Ch. 6.1 - Critical Thinking: Simulation We can use the...Ch. 6.1 - Marketing: Age What is the age distribution of...
Ch. 6.1 - Marketing: Income What is the income distribution...Ch. 6.1 - History: Florence Nightingale What was the age...Ch. 6.1 - Fishing: Trout The following data are based on...Ch. 6.1 - Criminal Justice: Parole USA Today reported that...Ch. 6.1 - Fundraiser: Hiking Club The college hiking club is...Ch. 6.1 - Spring Break: Caribbean Cruise The college student...Ch. 6.1 - Expected Value: Life Insurance Jim is a...Ch. 6.1 - Expected Value: Life Insurance Sara is a...Ch. 6.1 - Expand Your Knowledge: Linear Functions and...Ch. 6.1 - Expand Your Knowledge: Linear Functions and...Ch. 6.1 - Expand Your Knowledge: Linear Functions and...Ch. 6.2 - Statistical Literacy What does the random variable...Ch. 6.2 - Statistical Literacy What does it mean to say that...Ch. 6.2 - Statistical Literacy For a binomial experiment,...Ch. 6.2 - Statistical Literacy In a binomial experiment, is...Ch. 6.2 - Interpretation Suppose you are a hospital manager...Ch. 6.2 - Interpretation From long experience a landlord...Ch. 6.2 - Critical Thinking In an experiment, there are n...Ch. 6.2 - Critical Thinking In a carnival game, there are...Ch. 6.2 - Critical Thinking According to the college...Ch. 6.2 - Critical Thinking: Simulation Central Eye Clinic...Ch. 6.2 - In each of the following problems, the binomial...Ch. 6.2 - In each of the following problems, the binomial...Ch. 6.2 - In each of the following problems, the binomial...Ch. 6.2 - In each of the following problems, the binomial...Ch. 6.2 - In each of the following problems, the binomial...Ch. 6.2 - In each of the following problems, the binomial...Ch. 6.2 - In each of the following problems, the binomial...Ch. 6.2 - In each of the following problems, the binomial...Ch. 6.2 - In each of the following problems, the binomial...Ch. 6.2 - In each of the following problems, the binomial...Ch. 6.2 - Psychology: Deceit Aldrich Ames is a convicted...Ch. 6.2 - Hardware Store: Income Trevor is interested in...Ch. 6.2 - Psychology: Myers-Briggs Approximately 75% of all...Ch. 6.2 - Business Ethics: Privacy Are your finances, buying...Ch. 6.2 - Business Ethics: Privacy According to the same...Ch. 6.2 - Health Care: Office Visits What is the age...Ch. 6.2 - Binomial Distribution Table: Symmetry Study the...Ch. 6.3 - Statistical Literacy What does the expected value...Ch. 6.3 - Statistical Literacy Consider two binomial...Ch. 6.3 - Basic Computation: Expected Value and Standard...Ch. 6.3 - Basic Computation: Expected Value and Standard...Ch. 6.3 - Critical Thinking Consider a binomial distribution...Ch. 6.3 - Criticai Thinking Consider a binomial distribution...Ch. 6.3 - Binomial Distribution: Histograms Consider a...Ch. 6.3 - Binomial Distributions: Histograms Figure 6-6...Ch. 6.3 - Critical Thinking Consider a binomial distribution...Ch. 6.3 - Critical Thinking Consider a binomial distribution...Ch. 6.3 - Sports: Surfing In Hawaii, January is a favorite...Ch. 6.3 - Quality Control: Syringes The quality-control...Ch. 6.3 - Private Investigation: Locating People Old Friends...Ch. 6.3 - Ecology: Hawaiian Tsunamis A tidal wave or tsunami...Ch. 6.3 - Education: Illiteracy USA Today reported that...Ch. 6.3 - Rude Drivers: Tailgating Do you tailgate the car...Ch. 6.3 - Criminal Justice: ParoleUSA Today reports that...Ch. 6.3 - Criminal Justice: Jury Duty Have you ever tried to...Ch. 6.3 - Law Enforcement: Property Crime Does crime pay ?...Ch. 6.3 - Focus Problem: Personality Types We now have the...Ch. 6.3 - Criminal Justice: Convictions Innocent until...Ch. 6.3 - Critical Thinking Let r be a binomial random...Ch. 6.3 - Expand Your Knowledge: Geometric Probability...Ch. 6.3 - Expand Your Knowledge: Geometric Distribution;...Ch. 6.3 - Expand Your Knowledge: Geometric Distribution;...Ch. 6 - Terminology Consider the data set consisting of...Ch. 6 - Terminology Consider the data set consisting of...Ch. 6 - Terminology Which quantity is give by the expected...Ch. 6 - Terminology Consider the following statements...Ch. 6 - Statistical Literacy What are the requirements for...Ch. 6 - Statistical Literacy List the criteria for a...Ch. 6 - Critical Thinking For a binomial probability...Ch. 6 - Critical Thinking Consider a binomial experiment....Ch. 6 - Probability Distribution: Auto Leases Consumer...Ch. 6 - Ecology: Predator and Prey Isle Royale. an island...Ch. 6 - Insurance: Auto State Farm Insurance studies show...Ch. 6 - Quality Control: Pens A stationery store has...Ch. 6 - Criminal Justice: Inmates According to Harper's...Ch. 6 - Airlines: On-Time ArrivalsConsumer Reports rated...Ch. 6 - Ecology: Shark Attacks In Hawaii shark attacks are...Ch. 6 - Restaurants: Reservations The Orchard Caf has...Ch. 6 - College Lire: Student Government The student...Ch. 6 - Although tables of binomial probabilities can be...Ch. 6 - Prob. 2UTACh. 6 - Although tables of binomial probabilities can be...Ch. 6 - Prob. 4UTACh. 6 - Although tables of binomial probabilities can be...Ch. 6 - Although tables of binomial probabilities can be...Ch. 6 - Prob. 7UTACh. 6 - The Hill of Tara is located in south-central...Ch. 6 - Prob. 2CRPCh. 6 - Prob. 3CRPCh. 6 - The Hill of Tara is located in south-central...Ch. 6 - The Hill of Tara is located in south-central...Ch. 6 - The Hill of Tara is located in south-central...Ch. 6 - The Hill of Tara is located in south-central...
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, statistics and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- 4. Linear Regression - Model Assumptions and Interpretation A real estate analyst is studying how house prices (Y) are related to house size in square feet (X). A simple linear regression model is proposed: The analyst fits the model and obtains: • Ŷ50,000+150X YBoB₁X + € • R² = 0.76 • Residuals show a fan-shaped pattern when plotted against fitted values. Questions: a) Interpret the slope coefficient in context. b) Explain what the R² value tells us about the model's performance. c) Based on the residual pattern, what regression assumption is likely violated? What might be the consequence? d) Suggest at least two remedies to improve the model, based on the residual analysis.arrow_forward5. Probability Distributions – Continuous Random Variables A factory machine produces metal rods whose lengths (in cm) follow a continuous uniform distribution on the interval [98, 102]. Questions: a) Define the probability density function (PDF) of the rod length.b) Calculate the probability that a randomly selected rod is shorter than 99 cm.c) Determine the expected value and variance of rod lengths.d) If a sample of 25 rods is selected, what is the probability that their average length is between 99.5 cm and 100.5 cm? Justify your answer using the appropriate distribution.arrow_forward2. Hypothesis Testing - Two Sample Means A nutritionist is investigating the effect of two different diet programs, A and B, on weight loss. Two independent samples of adults were randomly assigned to each diet for 12 weeks. The weight losses (in kg) are normally distributed. Sample A: n = 35, 4.8, s = 1.2 Sample B: n=40, 4.3, 8 = 1.0 Questions: a) State the null and alternative hypotheses to test whether there is a significant difference in mean weight loss between the two diet programs. b) Perform a hypothesis test at the 5% significance level and interpret the result. c) Compute a 95% confidence interval for the difference in means and interpret it. d) Discuss assumptions of this test and explain how violations of these assumptions could impact the results.arrow_forward
- 1. Sampling Distribution and the Central Limit Theorem A company produces batteries with a mean lifetime of 300 hours and a standard deviation of 50 hours. The lifetimes are not normally distributed—they are right-skewed due to some batteries lasting unusually long. Suppose a quality control analyst selects a random sample of 64 batteries from a large production batch. Questions: a) Explain whether the distribution of sample means will be approximately normal. Justify your answer using the Central Limit Theorem. b) Compute the mean and standard deviation of the sampling distribution of the sample mean. c) What is the probability that the sample mean lifetime of the 64 batteries exceeds 310 hours? d) Discuss how the sample size affects the shape and variability of the sampling distribution.arrow_forwardA biologist is investigating the effect of potential plant hormones by treating 20 stem segments. At the end of the observation period he computes the following length averages: Compound X = 1.18 Compound Y = 1.17 Based on these mean values he concludes that there are no treatment differences. 1) Are you satisfied with his conclusion? Why or why not? 2) If he asked you for help in analyzing these data, what statistical method would you suggest that he use to come to a meaningful conclusion about his data and why? 3) Are there any other questions you would ask him regarding his experiment, data collection, and analysis methods?arrow_forwardBusinessarrow_forward
- What is the solution and answer to question?arrow_forwardTo: [Boss's Name] From: Nathaniel D Sain Date: 4/5/2025 Subject: Decision Analysis for Business Scenario Introduction to the Business Scenario Our delivery services business has been experiencing steady growth, leading to an increased demand for faster and more efficient deliveries. To meet this demand, we must decide on the best strategy to expand our fleet. The three possible alternatives under consideration are purchasing new delivery vehicles, leasing vehicles, or partnering with third-party drivers. The decision must account for various external factors, including fuel price fluctuations, demand stability, and competition growth, which we categorize as the states of nature. Each alternative presents unique advantages and challenges, and our goal is to select the most viable option using a structured decision-making approach. Alternatives and States of Nature The three alternatives for fleet expansion were chosen based on their cost implications, operational efficiency, and…arrow_forwardBusinessarrow_forward
- Why researchers are interested in describing measures of the center and measures of variation of a data set?arrow_forwardWHAT IS THE SOLUTION?arrow_forwardThe following ordered data list shows the data speeds for cell phones used by a telephone company at an airport: A. Calculate the Measures of Central Tendency from the ungrouped data list. B. Group the data in an appropriate frequency table. C. Calculate the Measures of Central Tendency using the table in point B. 0.8 1.4 1.8 1.9 3.2 3.6 4.5 4.5 4.6 6.2 6.5 7.7 7.9 9.9 10.2 10.3 10.9 11.1 11.1 11.6 11.8 12.0 13.1 13.5 13.7 14.1 14.2 14.7 15.0 15.1 15.5 15.8 16.0 17.5 18.2 20.2 21.1 21.5 22.2 22.4 23.1 24.5 25.7 28.5 34.6 38.5 43.0 55.6 71.3 77.8arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
College Algebra (MindTap Course List)AlgebraISBN:9781305652231Author:R. David Gustafson, Jeff HughesPublisher:Cengage Learning
Holt Mcdougal Larson Pre-algebra: Student Edition...AlgebraISBN:9780547587776Author:HOLT MCDOUGALPublisher:HOLT MCDOUGAL
Algebra and Trigonometry (MindTap Course List)AlgebraISBN:9781305071742Author:James Stewart, Lothar Redlin, Saleem WatsonPublisher:Cengage Learning
College AlgebraAlgebraISBN:9781305115545Author:James Stewart, Lothar Redlin, Saleem WatsonPublisher:Cengage Learning
College Algebra (MindTap Course List)
Algebra
ISBN:9781305652231
Author:R. David Gustafson, Jeff Hughes
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Holt Mcdougal Larson Pre-algebra: Student Edition...
Algebra
ISBN:9780547587776
Author:HOLT MCDOUGAL
Publisher:HOLT MCDOUGAL
Algebra and Trigonometry (MindTap Course List)
Algebra
ISBN:9781305071742
Author:James Stewart, Lothar Redlin, Saleem Watson
Publisher:Cengage Learning
College Algebra
Algebra
ISBN:9781305115545
Author:James Stewart, Lothar Redlin, Saleem Watson
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Mod-01 Lec-01 Discrete probability distributions (Part 1); Author: nptelhrd;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6x1pL9Yov1k;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY
Discrete Probability Distributions; Author: Learn Something;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m9U4UelWLFs;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY
Probability Distribution Functions (PMF, PDF, CDF); Author: zedstatistics;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YXLVjCKVP7U;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY
Discrete Distributions: Binomial, Poisson and Hypergeometric | Statistics for Data Science; Author: Dr. Bharatendra Rai;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lHhyy4JMigg;License: Standard Youtube License