Chapter 6, Problem 6.87PAE

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Why valence electrons experience a smaller effective nuclear charge than the full charge of the nucleus should be explained.

Concept introduction:

• Atomic orbitals describe where the electron is likely to be found.
• The s orbital is spherical in shape with nucleus at its center.
• The p and d orbitals are dumbbell shaped with opposite lobes carrying opposite signs.
• Orbital size increases as we go down the group.