The electronic configurations for atoms and ions of main group elements are to be written using Pauli’s exclusion principle and Hund’s rule. Concept introduction: Pauli Exclusion Principle states that no electrons can have same n, m, l and s values. Electrons having same n, m, l values belong to the same orbitals. Hund's rule states that every orbital in a subshell is singly occupied 1 s t and after all the subshells are filled singly, the orbital is doubly occupied. All electrons are in same spin in singly occupied orbitals.
The electronic configurations for atoms and ions of main group elements are to be written using Pauli’s exclusion principle and Hund’s rule. Concept introduction: Pauli Exclusion Principle states that no electrons can have same n, m, l and s values. Electrons having same n, m, l values belong to the same orbitals. Hund's rule states that every orbital in a subshell is singly occupied 1 s t and after all the subshells are filled singly, the orbital is doubly occupied. All electrons are in same spin in singly occupied orbitals.
Interpretation: The electronic configurations for atoms and ions of main group elements are to be written using Pauli’s exclusion principle and Hund’s rule.
Concept introduction:
Pauli Exclusion Principle states that no electrons can have same n, m, l and s values. Electrons having same n, m, l values belong to the same orbitals.
Hund's rule states that every orbital in a subshell is singly occupied 1st and after all the subshells are filled singly, the orbital is doubly occupied. All electrons are in same spin in singly occupied orbitals.
Expert Solution & Answer
Answer to Problem 17CO
Solution: The electronic configuration of atoms and ions are written following the Pauli’s exclusion principle and Hund’s rule.
Mg: The electronic configuration is written as 1s22s22p63s2 or ↑↓↑↓↑↓↑↓↑↓↑↓
Mg2+: The electronic configuration is written as 1s22s22p63s0 or ↑↓↑↓↑↓↑↓↑↓
C: The electronic configuration is written as 1s22s22p4 or ↑↓↑↓↑↓↑↑
F: The electronic configuration is written as 1s22s22p5 or ↑↓↑↓↑↓↑↓↑
Explanation of Solution
Pauli’s exclusion principle and Hund’s rule are useful in writing electronic configurations of atoms and ions of main group elements.
Pauli Exclusion Principle states that no electrons can have same n, m, l and s values. The following table will be helpful in calculating the maximum number of electrons that can occupy a given shell.
Shell
n
l (n-1)
ml
ms
Electrons present
Total number of electrons
K
1
0
0
+1/2, -1/2
2
2
L
2
0
1
0
-1
0
1
+1/2, -1/2
+1/2, -1/2
+1/2, -1/2
+1/2, -1/2
2
2
2
2
8
For example, for 1s, 2s orbitals, the correct electronic configuration is ↑↓_↑↓_ and not ↑↓_↑↑_
Hund's rule states that every orbital in a subshell is singly occupied 1st and after all the subshells are filled singly, the orbital is doubly occupied. All electrons are in same spin in singly occupied orbitals. For example, for 2p orbital, the correct electronic configuration is ↑↑↑ and not ↑↓↑ or ↑↓↑.
Using the Pauli’s exclusion principle and Hund’s rule, let us write the electronic configurations of some main group elements.
Mg: The electronic configuration is written as 1s22s22p63s2 or ↑↓↑↓↑↓↑↓↑↓↑↓
Mg2+: The electronic configuration is written as 1s22s22p63s0 or ↑↓↑↓↑↓↑↓↑↓
C: The electronic configuration is written as 1s22s22p4 or ↑↓↑↓↑↓↑↑
F: The electronic configuration is written as 1s22s22p5 or ↑↓↑↓↑↓↑↓↑
Conclusion
The electronic configuration of atoms and ions are written following the Pauli’s exclusion principle and Hund’s rule as follows:
Mg: The electronic configuration is written as 1s22s22p63s2 or ↑↓↑↓↑↓↑↓↑↓↑↓
Mg2+: The electronic configuration is written as 1s22s22p63s0 or ↑↓↑↓↑↓↑↓↑↓
C: The electronic configuration is written as 1s22s22p4 or ↑↓↑↓↑↓↑↑
F: The electronic configuration is written as 1s22s22p5 or ↑↓↑↓↑↓↑↓↑
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1. Which one(s) of these can be oxidized with CrO3 ?
(could be more than one)
a) triphenylmethanol
b) 2-pentanol
c) Ethyl alcohol
d)
CH3
2. Write in all the product(s) of this reaction. Label them
as "major" or "minor".
2-methyl-2-hexanol
H2SO4, heat
3) Determine if the pairs are constitutional isomers, enantiomers, diastereomers, or mesocompounds.
(4 points)
In the decomposition reaction in solution B → C, only species C absorbs UV radiation, but neither B nor the solvent absorbs. If we call At the absorbance measured at any time, A0 the absorbance at the beginning of the reaction, and A∞ the absorbance at the end of the reaction, which of the expressions is valid? We assume that Beer's law is fulfilled.
Chapter 6 Solutions
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