The structure of the most abundant form of cysteine at the given pH values is to be drawn. Concept introduction: The general form of an α-amino acid has both an amino group and a carboxylic group. In an aqueous solution, the amino group is weakly basic, and the carboxylic group is weakly acidic. Under highly acidic conditions, the N atom in the amino group is protonated. As the pH of the solution increases, the most acidic proton can be removed from the carboxylic group. As the solution becomes more basic, a proton from the side chain group is lost and the dominant form will be formed. As the solution becomes still more basic, the proton of the NH 3 + group is deprotonated. The strongest acid has the lowest pKa value, and the base has a higher pKa value.

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Answer 1

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Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 6, Problem 6.70P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of the most abundant form of cysteine at the given pH values is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

The general form of an α-amino acid has both an amino group and a carboxylic group. In an aqueous solution, the amino group is weakly basic, and the carboxylic group is weakly acidic. Under highly acidic conditions, the N atom in the amino group is protonated. As the pH of the solution increases, the most acidic proton can be removed from the carboxylic group. As the solution becomes more basic, a proton from the side chain group is lost and the dominant form will be formed. As the solution becomes still more basic, the proton of the NH3+ group is deprotonated. The strongest acid has the lowest pKa value, and the base has a higher pKa value.

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I have a question about this problem involving mechanisms and drawing curved arrows for acids and bases. I know we need to identify the nucleophile and electrophile, but are there different types of reactions? For instance, what about Grignard reagents and other types that I might not be familiar with? Can you help me with this? I want to identify the names of the mechanisms for problems 1-14, such as Gilman reagents and others. Are they all the same? Also, could you rewrite it so I can better understand? The handwriting is pretty cluttered. Additionally, I need to label the nucleophile and electrophile, but my main concern is whether those reactions differ, like the "Brønsted-Lowry acid-base mechanism, Lewis acid-base mechanism, acid-catalyzed mechanisms, acid-catalyzed reactions, base-catalyzed reactions, nucleophilic substitution mechanisms (SN1 and SN2), elimination reactions (E1 and E2), organometallic mechanisms, and so forth."

Answer 2

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Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 6, Problem 6.70P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of the most abundant form of cysteine at the given pH values is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

The general form of an α-amino acid has both an amino group and a carboxylic group. In an aqueous solution, the amino group is weakly basic, and the carboxylic group is weakly acidic. Under highly acidic conditions, the N atom in the amino group is protonated. As the pH of the solution increases, the most acidic proton can be removed from the carboxylic group. As the solution becomes more basic, a proton from the side chain group is lost and the dominant form will be formed. As the solution becomes still more basic, the proton of the NH3+ group is deprotonated. The strongest acid has the lowest pKa value, and the base has a higher pKa value.

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 6, Problem 6.70P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of the most abundant form of cysteine at the given pH values is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

The general form of an α-amino acid has both an amino group and a carboxylic group. In an aqueous solution, the amino group is weakly basic, and the carboxylic group is weakly acidic. Under highly acidic conditions, the N atom in the amino group is protonated. As the pH of the solution increases, the most acidic proton can be removed from the carboxylic group. As the solution becomes more basic, a proton from the side chain group is lost and the dominant form will be formed. As the solution becomes still more basic, the proton of the NH3+ group is deprotonated. The strongest acid has the lowest pKa value, and the base has a higher pKa value.

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Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 6, Problem 6.70P

Interpretation Introduction