To determine: of the 5 elements S,SeandCl the one with the largest atomic radius
(a)
Expert Solution
Explanation of Solution
Atomic radius is the distance between center of nucleus and outermost electron shell.
Atomic radius decreases from left to right in a period and increases from top to bottom in a group of periodic table.
S and Se both belong to some group 16.
S belongs to third period while Se belongs to fourth period. So, Se is larger than S. Se>S⋯⋯(1)
S and Cl both belong to third period. S belongs to group 16 while Cl belongs to group 17.
Hence, S has larger size than Cl.
S>Cl⋯⋯(2)
On combining equation (1) and (2) you get
Se>S>Cl
Therefore, Se has the largest atomic radius.
(b)
Interpretation Introduction
To determine: the larger radius Br or Br−.
(b)
Expert Solution
Explanation of Solution
Electronic configuration of Br is [Ar]3d104s24p5
So, electronic configuration of Br− is [Ar]3d104s24p6 as one electron is added in 4p orbital due to presence of more electrons by keeping the same shell, attractive force increases which decreases the atomic radius.
Therefore, the largest radius among Br or Br− is Br.
(c)
Interpretation Introduction
To determine: Which should have the largest difference between the first and second ionization energy, Si, Na, P or Mg.
(c)
Expert Solution
Explanation of Solution
Ionization energy − the amount of energy required to remove an electron from normal gaseous state.
Now, electronic configuration of Si, Na, P or Mg are.
Choose the larger atom or ion from each pair.(a) K or K+(b) F or F-
(c) Ca2+ or Cl-
(a) Describe the trends of atomic size and ionization energy, respectively, in the Periodic Table:
(1) from left to right across a period, and (ii) from top to bottom down a group.
(b) Rank the following elements: Na, Mg, Al, and K, in increasing order of: (i) atomic size; (ii) ionization
energy, and (iii) reactivity.
(c) Rank the following elements: F, CI, Br and I, in increasing order of: (i) atomic size; (ii) electron
affinity, (iii) electronegativity, and (iv) reactivity.
For each of the following pairs of elements (C and N) and (Ar and Br), pick theatom in the pair that has
C or N Ar or Br(i) the more exothermic electron affinity:(ii) the higher ionization energy:(iii) the larger atomic radius:
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Atomic Number, Atomic Mass, and the Atomic Structure | How to Pass ChemistryThe Nucleus: Crash Course Chemistry #1; Author: Crash Course;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FSyAehMdpyI;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY