(a) Interpretation: The carbon radical formed by the homolysis of each type of C − H bond is to be drawn. Concept introduction: The formation of carbocation, carbanion and free radical occur due to the heterolysis or homolysis process. Homolysis is opposite to the heterolysis. It forms radical with an unpaired electron. Heterolysis is a process in which unequal sharing of electrons results in breaking of the bond. Carbocation behaves as electrophile due to lack of electrons and incomplete octet, whereas carbanion behaves as a nucleophile in the chemical reaction due to the presence of an excess of electrons.

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Answer 1

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Formula Formula Bond dissociation energy (BDE) is the energy required to break a bond, making it an endothermic process. BDE is calculated for a particular bond and therefore consists of fragments such as radicals since it undergoes homolytic bond cleavage. For the homolysis of a X-Y molecule, the energy of bond dissociation is calculated as the difference in the total enthalpy of formation for the reactants and products. X-Y → X + Y BDE = Δ H f X + Δ H f Y – Δ H f X-Y where, ΔHf is the heat of formation.

Chapter 6, Problem 6.34P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The carbon radical formed by the homolysis of each type of C−H bond is to be drawn.

Concept introduction: The formation of carbocation, carbanion and free radical occur due to the heterolysis or homolysis process. Homolysis is opposite to the heterolysis. It forms radical with an unpaired electron. Heterolysis is a process in which unequal sharing of electrons results in breaking of the bond.

Carbocation behaves as electrophile due to lack of electrons and incomplete octet, whereas carbanion behaves as a nucleophile in the chemical reaction due to the presence of an excess of electrons.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: The stronger C−H bond is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: The energy which is released or absorbed in the chemical reactions is referred to as bond dissociation energy. The strength of a bond in the reaction is determined by bond dissociation energy.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: More stable radical formed from propane is to be identified.

Concept introduction: The formation of carbocation, carbanion and free radical occur due to the heterolysis or homolysis process. Homolysis is opposite to the heterolysis. It forms radical with an unpaired electron. Heterolysis is the process, in which unequal sharing of electrons results in breaking of the bond.

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Feedback (4/10) 30% Retry Curved arrows are used to illustrate the flow of electrons. Use the reaction conditions provided and follow the arrows to draw the reactant and missing intermediates involved in this reaction. Include all lone pairs and charges as appropriate. Ignore inorganic byproducts. Incorrect, 6 attempts remaining :0: Draw the Reactant H H3CO H- HIO: Ö-CH3 CH3OH2* protonation H. a H (+) H Ο CH3OH2 O: H3C protonation CH3OH deprotonation > CH3OH nucleophilic addition H. HO 0:0 Draw Intermediate a X

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1. Identify the following alkenes as E or Z NH₂ Br 2. Draw the structures based on the IUPAC names (3R,4R)-3-bromo-4-fluoro- 1-hexene (Z)-4-bromo-2-iodo-3-ethyl- 3-heptene تر 3. For the following, predict all possible elimination product(s) and circle the major product. HO H₂SO4 Heat 80 F4 OH H2SO4 Heat 어요 F5 F6 1 A DII 4 F7 F8 F9 % & 5 6 7 * ∞ 8 BAB 3 E R T Y U 9 F D G H J K O A F11 F10

Answer 2

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Formula Formula Bond dissociation energy (BDE) is the energy required to break a bond, making it an endothermic process. BDE is calculated for a particular bond and therefore consists of fragments such as radicals since it undergoes homolytic bond cleavage. For the homolysis of a X-Y molecule, the energy of bond dissociation is calculated as the difference in the total enthalpy of formation for the reactants and products. X-Y → X + Y BDE = Δ H f X + Δ H f Y – Δ H f X-Y where, ΔHf is the heat of formation.

Chapter 6, Problem 6.34P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The carbon radical formed by the homolysis of each type of C−H bond is to be drawn.

Concept introduction: The formation of carbocation, carbanion and free radical occur due to the heterolysis or homolysis process. Homolysis is opposite to the heterolysis. It forms radical with an unpaired electron. Heterolysis is a process in which unequal sharing of electrons results in breaking of the bond.

Carbocation behaves as electrophile due to lack of electrons and incomplete octet, whereas carbanion behaves as a nucleophile in the chemical reaction due to the presence of an excess of electrons.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: The stronger C−H bond is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: The energy which is released or absorbed in the chemical reactions is referred to as bond dissociation energy. The strength of a bond in the reaction is determined by bond dissociation energy.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: More stable radical formed from propane is to be identified.

Concept introduction: The formation of carbocation, carbanion and free radical occur due to the heterolysis or homolysis process. Homolysis is opposite to the heterolysis. It forms radical with an unpaired electron. Heterolysis is the process, in which unequal sharing of electrons results in breaking of the bond.

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Answer 3

Question

Formula Formula Bond dissociation energy (BDE) is the energy required to break a bond, making it an endothermic process. BDE is calculated for a particular bond and therefore consists of fragments such as radicals since it undergoes homolytic bond cleavage. For the homolysis of a X-Y molecule, the energy of bond dissociation is calculated as the difference in the total enthalpy of formation for the reactants and products. X-Y → X + Y BDE = Δ H f X + Δ H f Y – Δ H f X-Y where, ΔHf is the heat of formation.

Chapter 6, Problem 6.34P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The carbon radical formed by the homolysis of each type of C−H bond is to be drawn.

Concept introduction: The formation of carbocation, carbanion and free radical occur due to the heterolysis or homolysis process. Homolysis is opposite to the heterolysis. It forms radical with an unpaired electron. Heterolysis is a process in which unequal sharing of electrons results in breaking of the bond.

Carbocation behaves as electrophile due to lack of electrons and incomplete octet, whereas carbanion behaves as a nucleophile in the chemical reaction due to the presence of an excess of electrons.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: The stronger C−H bond is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: The energy which is released or absorbed in the chemical reactions is referred to as bond dissociation energy. The strength of a bond in the reaction is determined by bond dissociation energy.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: More stable radical formed from propane is to be identified.

Concept introduction: The formation of carbocation, carbanion and free radical occur due to the heterolysis or homolysis process. Homolysis is opposite to the heterolysis. It forms radical with an unpaired electron. Heterolysis is the process, in which unequal sharing of electrons results in breaking of the bond.

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Answer 4

Question

Formula Formula Bond dissociation energy (BDE) is the energy required to break a bond, making it an endothermic process. BDE is calculated for a particular bond and therefore consists of fragments such as radicals since it undergoes homolytic bond cleavage. For the homolysis of a X-Y molecule, the energy of bond dissociation is calculated as the difference in the total enthalpy of formation for the reactants and products. X-Y → X + Y BDE = Δ H f X + Δ H f Y – Δ H f X-Y where, ΔHf is the heat of formation.

Chapter 6, Problem 6.34P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The carbon radical formed by the homolysis of each type of C−H bond is to be drawn.

Concept introduction: The formation of carbocation, carbanion and free radical occur due to the heterolysis or homolysis process. Homolysis is opposite to the heterolysis. It forms radical with an unpaired electron. Heterolysis is a process in which unequal sharing of electrons results in breaking of the bond.

Carbocation behaves as electrophile due to lack of electrons and incomplete octet, whereas carbanion behaves as a nucleophile in the chemical reaction due to the presence of an excess of electrons.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: The stronger C−H bond is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: The energy which is released or absorbed in the chemical reactions is referred to as bond dissociation energy. The strength of a bond in the reaction is determined by bond dissociation energy.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: More stable radical formed from propane is to be identified.

Concept introduction: The formation of carbocation, carbanion and free radical occur due to the heterolysis or homolysis process. Homolysis is opposite to the heterolysis. It forms radical with an unpaired electron. Heterolysis is the process, in which unequal sharing of electrons results in breaking of the bond.

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Answer 5

Chapter 6, Problem 6.34P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The carbon radical formed by the homolysis of each type of C−H bond is to be drawn.

Concept introduction: The formation of carbocation, carbanion and free radical occur due to the heterolysis or homolysis process. Homolysis is opposite to the heterolysis. It forms radical with an unpaired electron. Heterolysis is a process in which unequal sharing of electrons results in breaking of the bond.

Carbocation behaves as electrophile due to lack of electrons and incomplete octet, whereas carbanion behaves as a nucleophile in the chemical reaction due to the presence of an excess of electrons.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: The stronger C−H bond is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: The energy which is released or absorbed in the chemical reactions is referred to as bond dissociation energy. The strength of a bond in the reaction is determined by bond dissociation energy.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: More stable radical formed from propane is to be identified.

Concept introduction: The formation of carbocation, carbanion and free radical occur due to the heterolysis or homolysis process. Homolysis is opposite to the heterolysis. It forms radical with an unpaired electron. Heterolysis is the process, in which unequal sharing of electrons results in breaking of the bond.

Answer 6

Chapter 6, Problem 6.34P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The carbon radical formed by the homolysis of each type of C−H bond is to be drawn.

Concept introduction: The formation of carbocation, carbanion and free radical occur due to the heterolysis or homolysis process. Homolysis is opposite to the heterolysis. It forms radical with an unpaired electron. Heterolysis is a process in which unequal sharing of electrons results in breaking of the bond.

Carbocation behaves as electrophile due to lack of electrons and incomplete octet, whereas carbanion behaves as a nucleophile in the chemical reaction due to the presence of an excess of electrons.

Answer 7

Chapter 6, Problem 6.34P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The carbon radical formed by the homolysis of each type of C−H bond is to be drawn.

Concept introduction: The formation of carbocation, carbanion and free radical occur due to the heterolysis or homolysis process. Homolysis is opposite to the heterolysis. It forms radical with an unpaired electron. Heterolysis is a process in which unequal sharing of electrons results in breaking of the bond.

Carbocation behaves as electrophile due to lack of electrons and incomplete octet, whereas carbanion behaves as a nucleophile in the chemical reaction due to the presence of an excess of electrons.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: The stronger C−H bond is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: The energy which is released or absorbed in the chemical reactions is referred to as bond dissociation energy. The strength of a bond in the reaction is determined by bond dissociation energy.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: The stronger C−H bond is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: The energy which is released or absorbed in the chemical reactions is referred to as bond dissociation energy. The strength of a bond in the reaction is determined by bond dissociation energy.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: More stable radical formed from propane is to be identified.

Concept introduction: The formation of carbocation, carbanion and free radical occur due to the heterolysis or homolysis process. Homolysis is opposite to the heterolysis. It forms radical with an unpaired electron. Heterolysis is the process, in which unequal sharing of electrons results in breaking of the bond.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: More stable radical formed from propane is to be identified.

Concept introduction: The formation of carbocation, carbanion and free radical occur due to the heterolysis or homolysis process. Homolysis is opposite to the heterolysis. It forms radical with an unpaired electron. Heterolysis is the process, in which unequal sharing of electrons results in breaking of the bond.

Answer 12

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Answer 13

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Answer 14

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Answer 15

Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.1P Ch. 6 - By taking into account electronegativity...Ch. 6 - Use curved arrows to show the movement of...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.4P Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.5P Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.6P Ch. 6 - aWhich Keq corresponds to a negative value of G,...Ch. 6 - Given each of the following values, is the...Ch. 6 - Given each of the following values, is the...Ch. 6 - The equilibrium constant for the conversion of the...

Solution Summary: The author explains that the formation of carbocation, carbanion and free radical occurs due to the heterolysis process.

Concept explainers

(b)

Interpretation: The stronger C−H bond is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: The energy which is released or absorbed in the chemical reactions is referred to as bond dissociation energy. The strength of a bond in the reaction is determined by bond dissociation energy.

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Chapter 6 Solutions

Solution Summary: The author explains that the formation of carbocation, carbanion and free radical occurs due to the heterolysis process.

Concept explainers

(b) Interpretation: The stronger C−H bond is to be predicted. Concept introduction: The energy which is released or absorbed in the chemical reactions is referred to as bond dissociation energy. The strength of a bond in the reaction is determined by bond dissociation energy.

Want to see the full answer?

Chapter 6 Solutions

(b)

Interpretation: The stronger C−H bond is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: The energy which is released or absorbed in the chemical reactions is referred to as bond dissociation energy. The strength of a bond in the reaction is determined by bond dissociation energy.