Chapter 6, Problem 6.32P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The flowrate of the given process is to be drawn and labelled. Also, the given expressions are to be derived.

Concept introduction:

A flowchart is the complete representation of a process through boxes or other shapes which represents process units and arrows that represents the input and output of the process. The flowchart must be fully labelled to infer important data about the process involved.

In a system, a conserved quantity (total mass, mass of a species, energy or momentum) is balanced and can be written as

$input+generation-output-consumpumtion=accumulation$

Here, ‘input’ is the stream which enters the system. ‘generation’ is the term used for the quantity that is produced within the system. ‘output’ is the stream which leaves the system. ‘consumption’ is the term used for the quantity that is consumed within the system. ‘accumulation’ is used for the quantity which is builds up within the system.

All the equations which are formed are then solved simultaneously to calculate the values of the unknown variables.

The formula for the fractional conversion $\left(f\right)$ is

$f=\frac{\text{moles reacted}}{\text{moles fed}}$   ......(1)

Dew-point temperature is the temperature at which the first drop of liquid appears when a vapor is cooled slowly at the constant pressure. At this point the condensation starts.

Solvent vapor recovery from a gas stream is done by condensation of the solvent vapor. This can be achieved by cooling the gas mixture, compressing it, or the combination of these two operations. More is the compression of the gas; less is the cooling requirement.

For a system containing one condensable gas, the applicable Raoult’s law equation is

$p_i=yP=p^{\ast }$   ......(2)

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

A spreadsheet is to be prepared according to the given form to estimate the cost of the given process.

Concept introduction:

Dew-point temperature is the temperature at which the first drop of liquid appears when a vapor is cooled slowly at the constant pressure. At this point the condensation starts.

Solvent vapor recovery from a gas stream is done by condensation of the solvent vapor. This can be achieved by cooling the gas mixture, compressing it, or the combination of these two operations. More is the compression of the gas; less is the cooling requirement.

For a system containing one condensable gas, the applicable Raoult’s law equation is

$p_i=yP=p^{\ast }$   ......(2)

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The total cost of the operation is to be minimized for temperature variation using Solver.

Concept introduction:

Dew-point temperature is the temperature at which the first drop of liquid appears when a vapor is cooled slowly at the constant pressure. At this point the condensation starts.

Solvent vapor recovery from a gas stream is done by condensation of the solvent vapor. This can be achieved by cooling the gas mixture, compressing it, or the combination of these two operations. More is the compression of the gas; less is the cooling requirement.

For a system containing one condensable gas, the applicable Raoult’s law equation is

$p_i=yP=p^{\ast }$   ......(2)

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The total cost of the operation is to be minimized pressure variation using Solver.

Concept introduction:

Dew-point temperature is the temperature at which the first drop of liquid appears when a vapor is cooled slowly at the constant pressure. At this point the condensation starts.

Solvent vapor recovery from a gas stream is done by condensation of the solvent vapor. This can be achieved by cooling the gas mixture, compressing it, or the combination of these two operations. More is the compression of the gas; less is the cooling requirement.

For a system containing one condensable gas, the applicable Raoult’s law equation is

$p_i=yP=p^{\ast }$   ......(2)

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The effects of $T_f\text{ and }{P}_f$ on each other and on the refrigeration as well as compression cost is to be summarized. The reason for the minimized total cost is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

When a space, substance, or system is cooled below its ambient temperature and the excess heat removed from it is rejected to a high-temperature reservoir, then the process is known as Refrigeration.

Compression is the process in which the pressure of a gas is increased, and its volume is decreased. This leads to the phase change of the gas from vapor to liquid.