The major product for the given reaction should be determined. Concept introduction: Nucleophile: Nucleophiles are electron rich compounds which donates electrons to electrophilic compounds which results in bond formation. Nucleophilic nature depends on the negative charge present in the molecule, the solvent in which it present and the electronegativity of the atom. Electrophile: Electrophiles are electron deficient compounds which accepts electrons from nucleophiles that results in bond formation. Chemical reaction involves bond making and breaking of two or more reactants in order to attain products from the reactants. Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction. In addition reaction of alkenes when two substituents are placed on same side of C = C then it is named as s y n addition if it is placed on opposite sides of C = C it is defined as anti-addition. Acid Catalyzed Hydration Reaction: The reaction involves breaking of phi bonds between carbon-carbon multiple bonds and addition of alcohol to more substituted position of carbon in the molecule. First step is the acid donates proton to the alkene which leads to the formation of more stable carbo cation. Then, the water is added to the given alkene through acid catalyzed reaction where the water gets added to the carbo cation finally, the removal of one proton from oxonium ion (oxygen with one positive charge) using water results in the formation of product.

Question

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 6, Problem 59P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product for the given reaction should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Nucleophile: Nucleophiles are electron rich compounds which donates electrons to electrophilic compounds which results in bond formation.

Nucleophilic nature depends on the negative charge present in the molecule, the solvent in which it present and the electronegativity of the atom.

Electrophile: Electrophiles are electron deficient compounds which accepts electrons from nucleophiles that results in bond formation.

Chemical reaction involves bond making and breaking of two or more reactants in order to attain products from the reactants.

Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.

In addition reaction of alkenes when two substituents are placed on same side of C=C then it is named as syn addition if it is placed on opposite sides of C=C it is defined as anti-addition.

Acid Catalyzed Hydration Reaction: The reaction involves breaking of phi bonds between carbon-carbon multiple bonds and addition of alcohol to more substituted position of carbon in the molecule.

First step is the acid donates proton to the alkene which leads to the formation of more stable carbo cation.

Then, the water is added to the given alkene through acid catalyzed reaction where the water gets added to the carbo cation finally, the removal of one proton from oxonium ion (oxygen with one positive charge) using water results in the formation of product.

(a)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 59P

The product for the given reaction is as follows,

EBK ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, Chapter 6, Problem 59P , additional homework tip 1

Explanation of Solution

First, H+ from HBr attacks carbon with 1H in C=C results to give tertiary carbo cation which then Br− attacks the carbo cation and results in the formation of the product.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product for the given reaction should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.

In addition reaction of alkenes when two substituents are placed on same side of C=C then it is named as syn addition if it is placed on opposite sides of C=C it is defined as anti-addition.

Acid Catalyzed Hydration Reaction: The reaction involves breaking of phi bonds between carbon-carbon multiple bonds and addition of alcohol to more substituted position of carbon in the molecule.

First step is the acid donates proton to the alkene which leads to the formation of more stable carbo cation.

Then, the water is added to the given alkene through acid catalyzed reaction where the water gets added to the carbo cation finally, the removal of one proton from oxonium ion (oxygen with one positive charge) using water results in the formation of product.

Carbocation: it is carbon ion that bears a positive charge on it.

Carbocation stability order:

(b)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 59P

The product for the reaction is as follows,

EBK ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, Chapter 6, Problem 59P , additional homework tip 3

Explanation of Solution

First, H+ from HBr attacks carbon with 2H in C=C results to give tertiary carbo cation which then Br− attacks the carbo cation and results in the formation of the product.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product for the given reaction should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.

In addition reaction of alkenes when two substituents are placed on same side of C=C then it is named as syn addition if it is placed on opposite sides of C=C it is defined as anti-addition.

Acid Catalyzed Hydration Reaction: The reaction involves breaking of phi bonds between carbon-carbon multiple bonds and addition of alcohol to more substituted position of carbon in the molecule.

First step is the acid donates proton to the alkene which leads to the formation of more stable carbo cation.

Then, the water is added to the given alkene through acid catalyzed reaction where the water gets added to the carbo cation finally, the removal of one proton from oxonium ion (oxygen with one positive charge) using water results in the formation of product.

Carbocation: it is carbon ion that bears a positive charge on it.

Carbocation stability order:

(c)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 59P

EBK ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, Chapter 6, Problem 59P , additional homework tip 5

Explanation of Solution

First H+ from H−Br bonds with C that contains 2H and results in secondary carbo cation which then involves 1,2-hydride shift results in formation of tertiary carbo cation.

Finally, the Br− attacks the tertiary carbo cation and results in the formation of the product.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product for the given reaction should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.

In addition reaction of alkenes when two substituents are placed on same side of C=C then it is named as syn addition if it is placed on opposite sides of C=C it is defined as anti-addition.

Acid Catalyzed Hydration Reaction: The reaction involves breaking of phi bonds between carbon-carbon multiple bonds and addition of alcohol to more substituted position of carbon in the molecule.

First step is the acid donates proton to the alkene which leads to the formation of more stable carbo cation.

Then, the water is added to the given alkene through acid catalyzed reaction where the water gets added to the carbo cation finally, the removal of one proton from oxonium ion (oxygen with one positive charge) using water results in the formation of product.

Carbocation: it is carbon ion that bears a positive charge on it.

Carbocation stability order:

(d)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 59P

EBK ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, Chapter 6, Problem 59P , additional homework tip 7

Explanation of Solution

First H+ from H−Br bonds with C that contains 2H and results in secondary carbo cation which then involves 1,2-methyl shift results in tertiary carbo cation.

Finally, the Br− attacks the carbo cation and results in the formation of the product.

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 6, Problem 59P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product for the given reaction should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Nucleophile: Nucleophiles are electron rich compounds which donates electrons to electrophilic compounds which results in bond formation.

Nucleophilic nature depends on the negative charge present in the molecule, the solvent in which it present and the electronegativity of the atom.

Electrophile: Electrophiles are electron deficient compounds which accepts electrons from nucleophiles that results in bond formation.

Chemical reaction involves bond making and breaking of two or more reactants in order to attain products from the reactants.

Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.

In addition reaction of alkenes when two substituents are placed on same side of C=C then it is named as syn addition if it is placed on opposite sides of C=C it is defined as anti-addition.

Acid Catalyzed Hydration Reaction: The reaction involves breaking of phi bonds between carbon-carbon multiple bonds and addition of alcohol to more substituted position of carbon in the molecule.

First step is the acid donates proton to the alkene which leads to the formation of more stable carbo cation.

Then, the water is added to the given alkene through acid catalyzed reaction where the water gets added to the carbo cation finally, the removal of one proton from oxonium ion (oxygen with one positive charge) using water results in the formation of product.

(a)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 59P

The product for the given reaction is as follows,

EBK ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, Chapter 6, Problem 59P , additional homework tip 1

Explanation of Solution

First, H+ from HBr attacks carbon with 1H in C=C results to give tertiary carbo cation which then Br− attacks the carbo cation and results in the formation of the product.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product for the given reaction should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.

In addition reaction of alkenes when two substituents are placed on same side of C=C then it is named as syn addition if it is placed on opposite sides of C=C it is defined as anti-addition.

Acid Catalyzed Hydration Reaction: The reaction involves breaking of phi bonds between carbon-carbon multiple bonds and addition of alcohol to more substituted position of carbon in the molecule.

First step is the acid donates proton to the alkene which leads to the formation of more stable carbo cation.

Then, the water is added to the given alkene through acid catalyzed reaction where the water gets added to the carbo cation finally, the removal of one proton from oxonium ion (oxygen with one positive charge) using water results in the formation of product.

Carbocation: it is carbon ion that bears a positive charge on it.

Carbocation stability order:

(b)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 59P

The product for the reaction is as follows,

EBK ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, Chapter 6, Problem 59P , additional homework tip 3

Explanation of Solution

First, H+ from HBr attacks carbon with 2H in C=C results to give tertiary carbo cation which then Br− attacks the carbo cation and results in the formation of the product.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product for the given reaction should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.

In addition reaction of alkenes when two substituents are placed on same side of C=C then it is named as syn addition if it is placed on opposite sides of C=C it is defined as anti-addition.

Acid Catalyzed Hydration Reaction: The reaction involves breaking of phi bonds between carbon-carbon multiple bonds and addition of alcohol to more substituted position of carbon in the molecule.

First step is the acid donates proton to the alkene which leads to the formation of more stable carbo cation.

Then, the water is added to the given alkene through acid catalyzed reaction where the water gets added to the carbo cation finally, the removal of one proton from oxonium ion (oxygen with one positive charge) using water results in the formation of product.

Carbocation: it is carbon ion that bears a positive charge on it.

Carbocation stability order:

(c)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 59P

EBK ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, Chapter 6, Problem 59P , additional homework tip 5

Explanation of Solution

First H+ from H−Br bonds with C that contains 2H and results in secondary carbo cation which then involves 1,2-hydride shift results in formation of tertiary carbo cation.

Finally, the Br− attacks the tertiary carbo cation and results in the formation of the product.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product for the given reaction should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.

In addition reaction of alkenes when two substituents are placed on same side of C=C then it is named as syn addition if it is placed on opposite sides of C=C it is defined as anti-addition.

Acid Catalyzed Hydration Reaction: The reaction involves breaking of phi bonds between carbon-carbon multiple bonds and addition of alcohol to more substituted position of carbon in the molecule.

First step is the acid donates proton to the alkene which leads to the formation of more stable carbo cation.

Then, the water is added to the given alkene through acid catalyzed reaction where the water gets added to the carbo cation finally, the removal of one proton from oxonium ion (oxygen with one positive charge) using water results in the formation of product.

Carbocation: it is carbon ion that bears a positive charge on it.

Carbocation stability order:

(d)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 59P

EBK ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, Chapter 6, Problem 59P , additional homework tip 7

Explanation of Solution

First H+ from H−Br bonds with C that contains 2H and results in secondary carbo cation which then involves 1,2-methyl shift results in tertiary carbo cation.

Finally, the Br− attacks the carbo cation and results in the formation of the product.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 6, Problem 59P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product for the given reaction should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Nucleophile: Nucleophiles are electron rich compounds which donates electrons to electrophilic compounds which results in bond formation.

Nucleophilic nature depends on the negative charge present in the molecule, the solvent in which it present and the electronegativity of the atom.

Electrophile: Electrophiles are electron deficient compounds which accepts electrons from nucleophiles that results in bond formation.

Chemical reaction involves bond making and breaking of two or more reactants in order to attain products from the reactants.

Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.

In addition reaction of alkenes when two substituents are placed on same side of C=C then it is named as syn addition if it is placed on opposite sides of C=C it is defined as anti-addition.

Acid Catalyzed Hydration Reaction: The reaction involves breaking of phi bonds between carbon-carbon multiple bonds and addition of alcohol to more substituted position of carbon in the molecule.

First step is the acid donates proton to the alkene which leads to the formation of more stable carbo cation.

Then, the water is added to the given alkene through acid catalyzed reaction where the water gets added to the carbo cation finally, the removal of one proton from oxonium ion (oxygen with one positive charge) using water results in the formation of product.

(a)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 59P

The product for the given reaction is as follows,

EBK ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, Chapter 6, Problem 59P , additional homework tip 1

Explanation of Solution

First, H+ from HBr attacks carbon with 1H in C=C results to give tertiary carbo cation which then Br− attacks the carbo cation and results in the formation of the product.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product for the given reaction should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.

In addition reaction of alkenes when two substituents are placed on same side of C=C then it is named as syn addition if it is placed on opposite sides of C=C it is defined as anti-addition.

Acid Catalyzed Hydration Reaction: The reaction involves breaking of phi bonds between carbon-carbon multiple bonds and addition of alcohol to more substituted position of carbon in the molecule.

First step is the acid donates proton to the alkene which leads to the formation of more stable carbo cation.

Then, the water is added to the given alkene through acid catalyzed reaction where the water gets added to the carbo cation finally, the removal of one proton from oxonium ion (oxygen with one positive charge) using water results in the formation of product.

Carbocation: it is carbon ion that bears a positive charge on it.

Carbocation stability order:

(b)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 59P

The product for the reaction is as follows,

EBK ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, Chapter 6, Problem 59P , additional homework tip 3

Explanation of Solution

First, H+ from HBr attacks carbon with 2H in C=C results to give tertiary carbo cation which then Br− attacks the carbo cation and results in the formation of the product.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product for the given reaction should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.

In addition reaction of alkenes when two substituents are placed on same side of C=C then it is named as syn addition if it is placed on opposite sides of C=C it is defined as anti-addition.

Acid Catalyzed Hydration Reaction: The reaction involves breaking of phi bonds between carbon-carbon multiple bonds and addition of alcohol to more substituted position of carbon in the molecule.

First step is the acid donates proton to the alkene which leads to the formation of more stable carbo cation.

Then, the water is added to the given alkene through acid catalyzed reaction where the water gets added to the carbo cation finally, the removal of one proton from oxonium ion (oxygen with one positive charge) using water results in the formation of product.

Carbocation: it is carbon ion that bears a positive charge on it.

Carbocation stability order:

(c)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 59P

EBK ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, Chapter 6, Problem 59P , additional homework tip 5

Explanation of Solution

First H+ from H−Br bonds with C that contains 2H and results in secondary carbo cation which then involves 1,2-hydride shift results in formation of tertiary carbo cation.

Finally, the Br− attacks the tertiary carbo cation and results in the formation of the product.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product for the given reaction should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.

In addition reaction of alkenes when two substituents are placed on same side of C=C then it is named as syn addition if it is placed on opposite sides of C=C it is defined as anti-addition.

Acid Catalyzed Hydration Reaction: The reaction involves breaking of phi bonds between carbon-carbon multiple bonds and addition of alcohol to more substituted position of carbon in the molecule.

First step is the acid donates proton to the alkene which leads to the formation of more stable carbo cation.

Then, the water is added to the given alkene through acid catalyzed reaction where the water gets added to the carbo cation finally, the removal of one proton from oxonium ion (oxygen with one positive charge) using water results in the formation of product.

Carbocation: it is carbon ion that bears a positive charge on it.

Carbocation stability order:

(d)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 59P

EBK ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, Chapter 6, Problem 59P , additional homework tip 7

Explanation of Solution

First H+ from H−Br bonds with C that contains 2H and results in secondary carbo cation which then involves 1,2-methyl shift results in tertiary carbo cation.

Finally, the Br− attacks the carbo cation and results in the formation of the product.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 6, Problem 59P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product for the given reaction should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Nucleophile: Nucleophiles are electron rich compounds which donates electrons to electrophilic compounds which results in bond formation.

Nucleophilic nature depends on the negative charge present in the molecule, the solvent in which it present and the electronegativity of the atom.

Electrophile: Electrophiles are electron deficient compounds which accepts electrons from nucleophiles that results in bond formation.

Chemical reaction involves bond making and breaking of two or more reactants in order to attain products from the reactants.

Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.

In addition reaction of alkenes when two substituents are placed on same side of C=C then it is named as syn addition if it is placed on opposite sides of C=C it is defined as anti-addition.

Acid Catalyzed Hydration Reaction: The reaction involves breaking of phi bonds between carbon-carbon multiple bonds and addition of alcohol to more substituted position of carbon in the molecule.

First step is the acid donates proton to the alkene which leads to the formation of more stable carbo cation.

Then, the water is added to the given alkene through acid catalyzed reaction where the water gets added to the carbo cation finally, the removal of one proton from oxonium ion (oxygen with one positive charge) using water results in the formation of product.

(a)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 59P

The product for the given reaction is as follows,

EBK ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, Chapter 6, Problem 59P , additional homework tip 1

Explanation of Solution

First, H+ from HBr attacks carbon with 1H in C=C results to give tertiary carbo cation which then Br− attacks the carbo cation and results in the formation of the product.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product for the given reaction should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.

In addition reaction of alkenes when two substituents are placed on same side of C=C then it is named as syn addition if it is placed on opposite sides of C=C it is defined as anti-addition.

Acid Catalyzed Hydration Reaction: The reaction involves breaking of phi bonds between carbon-carbon multiple bonds and addition of alcohol to more substituted position of carbon in the molecule.

First step is the acid donates proton to the alkene which leads to the formation of more stable carbo cation.

Then, the water is added to the given alkene through acid catalyzed reaction where the water gets added to the carbo cation finally, the removal of one proton from oxonium ion (oxygen with one positive charge) using water results in the formation of product.

Carbocation: it is carbon ion that bears a positive charge on it.

Carbocation stability order:

(b)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 59P

The product for the reaction is as follows,

EBK ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, Chapter 6, Problem 59P , additional homework tip 3

Explanation of Solution

First, H+ from HBr attacks carbon with 2H in C=C results to give tertiary carbo cation which then Br− attacks the carbo cation and results in the formation of the product.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product for the given reaction should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.

In addition reaction of alkenes when two substituents are placed on same side of C=C then it is named as syn addition if it is placed on opposite sides of C=C it is defined as anti-addition.

Acid Catalyzed Hydration Reaction: The reaction involves breaking of phi bonds between carbon-carbon multiple bonds and addition of alcohol to more substituted position of carbon in the molecule.

First step is the acid donates proton to the alkene which leads to the formation of more stable carbo cation.

Then, the water is added to the given alkene through acid catalyzed reaction where the water gets added to the carbo cation finally, the removal of one proton from oxonium ion (oxygen with one positive charge) using water results in the formation of product.

Carbocation: it is carbon ion that bears a positive charge on it.

Carbocation stability order:

(c)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 59P

EBK ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, Chapter 6, Problem 59P , additional homework tip 5

Explanation of Solution

First H+ from H−Br bonds with C that contains 2H and results in secondary carbo cation which then involves 1,2-hydride shift results in formation of tertiary carbo cation.

Finally, the Br− attacks the tertiary carbo cation and results in the formation of the product.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product for the given reaction should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.

In addition reaction of alkenes when two substituents are placed on same side of C=C then it is named as syn addition if it is placed on opposite sides of C=C it is defined as anti-addition.

Acid Catalyzed Hydration Reaction: The reaction involves breaking of phi bonds between carbon-carbon multiple bonds and addition of alcohol to more substituted position of carbon in the molecule.

First step is the acid donates proton to the alkene which leads to the formation of more stable carbo cation.

Then, the water is added to the given alkene through acid catalyzed reaction where the water gets added to the carbo cation finally, the removal of one proton from oxonium ion (oxygen with one positive charge) using water results in the formation of product.

Carbocation: it is carbon ion that bears a positive charge on it.

Carbocation stability order:

(d)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 59P

EBK ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, Chapter 6, Problem 59P , additional homework tip 7

Explanation of Solution

First H+ from H−Br bonds with C that contains 2H and results in secondary carbo cation which then involves 1,2-methyl shift results in tertiary carbo cation.

Finally, the Br− attacks the carbo cation and results in the formation of the product.

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Answer 5

Chapter 6, Problem 59P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product for the given reaction should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Nucleophile: Nucleophiles are electron rich compounds which donates electrons to electrophilic compounds which results in bond formation.

Nucleophilic nature depends on the negative charge present in the molecule, the solvent in which it present and the electronegativity of the atom.

Electrophile: Electrophiles are electron deficient compounds which accepts electrons from nucleophiles that results in bond formation.

Chemical reaction involves bond making and breaking of two or more reactants in order to attain products from the reactants.

Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.

In addition reaction of alkenes when two substituents are placed on same side of C=C then it is named as syn addition if it is placed on opposite sides of C=C it is defined as anti-addition.

Acid Catalyzed Hydration Reaction: The reaction involves breaking of phi bonds between carbon-carbon multiple bonds and addition of alcohol to more substituted position of carbon in the molecule.

First step is the acid donates proton to the alkene which leads to the formation of more stable carbo cation.

Then, the water is added to the given alkene through acid catalyzed reaction where the water gets added to the carbo cation finally, the removal of one proton from oxonium ion (oxygen with one positive charge) using water results in the formation of product.

(a)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 59P

The product for the given reaction is as follows,

EBK ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, Chapter 6, Problem 59P , additional homework tip 1

Explanation of Solution

First, H+ from HBr attacks carbon with 1H in C=C results to give tertiary carbo cation which then Br− attacks the carbo cation and results in the formation of the product.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product for the given reaction should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.

In addition reaction of alkenes when two substituents are placed on same side of C=C then it is named as syn addition if it is placed on opposite sides of C=C it is defined as anti-addition.

Acid Catalyzed Hydration Reaction: The reaction involves breaking of phi bonds between carbon-carbon multiple bonds and addition of alcohol to more substituted position of carbon in the molecule.

First step is the acid donates proton to the alkene which leads to the formation of more stable carbo cation.

Then, the water is added to the given alkene through acid catalyzed reaction where the water gets added to the carbo cation finally, the removal of one proton from oxonium ion (oxygen with one positive charge) using water results in the formation of product.

Carbocation: it is carbon ion that bears a positive charge on it.

Carbocation stability order:

(b)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 59P

The product for the reaction is as follows,

EBK ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, Chapter 6, Problem 59P , additional homework tip 3

Explanation of Solution

First, H+ from HBr attacks carbon with 2H in C=C results to give tertiary carbo cation which then Br− attacks the carbo cation and results in the formation of the product.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product for the given reaction should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.

In addition reaction of alkenes when two substituents are placed on same side of C=C then it is named as syn addition if it is placed on opposite sides of C=C it is defined as anti-addition.

Acid Catalyzed Hydration Reaction: The reaction involves breaking of phi bonds between carbon-carbon multiple bonds and addition of alcohol to more substituted position of carbon in the molecule.

First step is the acid donates proton to the alkene which leads to the formation of more stable carbo cation.

Then, the water is added to the given alkene through acid catalyzed reaction where the water gets added to the carbo cation finally, the removal of one proton from oxonium ion (oxygen with one positive charge) using water results in the formation of product.

Carbocation: it is carbon ion that bears a positive charge on it.

Carbocation stability order:

(c)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 59P

EBK ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, Chapter 6, Problem 59P , additional homework tip 5

Explanation of Solution

First H+ from H−Br bonds with C that contains 2H and results in secondary carbo cation which then involves 1,2-hydride shift results in formation of tertiary carbo cation.

Finally, the Br− attacks the tertiary carbo cation and results in the formation of the product.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product for the given reaction should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.

In addition reaction of alkenes when two substituents are placed on same side of C=C then it is named as syn addition if it is placed on opposite sides of C=C it is defined as anti-addition.

Acid Catalyzed Hydration Reaction: The reaction involves breaking of phi bonds between carbon-carbon multiple bonds and addition of alcohol to more substituted position of carbon in the molecule.

First step is the acid donates proton to the alkene which leads to the formation of more stable carbo cation.

Then, the water is added to the given alkene through acid catalyzed reaction where the water gets added to the carbo cation finally, the removal of one proton from oxonium ion (oxygen with one positive charge) using water results in the formation of product.

Carbocation: it is carbon ion that bears a positive charge on it.

Carbocation stability order:

(d)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 59P

EBK ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, Chapter 6, Problem 59P , additional homework tip 7

Explanation of Solution

First H+ from H−Br bonds with C that contains 2H and results in secondary carbo cation which then involves 1,2-methyl shift results in tertiary carbo cation.

Finally, the Br− attacks the carbo cation and results in the formation of the product.

Answer 6

Chapter 6, Problem 59P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product for the given reaction should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Nucleophile: Nucleophiles are electron rich compounds which donates electrons to electrophilic compounds which results in bond formation.

Nucleophilic nature depends on the negative charge present in the molecule, the solvent in which it present and the electronegativity of the atom.

Electrophile: Electrophiles are electron deficient compounds which accepts electrons from nucleophiles that results in bond formation.

Chemical reaction involves bond making and breaking of two or more reactants in order to attain products from the reactants.

Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.

In addition reaction of alkenes when two substituents are placed on same side of C=C then it is named as syn addition if it is placed on opposite sides of C=C it is defined as anti-addition.

Acid Catalyzed Hydration Reaction: The reaction involves breaking of phi bonds between carbon-carbon multiple bonds and addition of alcohol to more substituted position of carbon in the molecule.

First step is the acid donates proton to the alkene which leads to the formation of more stable carbo cation.

Then, the water is added to the given alkene through acid catalyzed reaction where the water gets added to the carbo cation finally, the removal of one proton from oxonium ion (oxygen with one positive charge) using water results in the formation of product.

(a)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 59P

The product for the given reaction is as follows,

EBK ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, Chapter 6, Problem 59P , additional homework tip 1

Explanation of Solution

First, H+ from HBr attacks carbon with 1H in C=C results to give tertiary carbo cation which then Br− attacks the carbo cation and results in the formation of the product.

Answer 7

Chapter 6, Problem 59P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product for the given reaction should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Nucleophile: Nucleophiles are electron rich compounds which donates electrons to electrophilic compounds which results in bond formation.

Nucleophilic nature depends on the negative charge present in the molecule, the solvent in which it present and the electronegativity of the atom.

Electrophile: Electrophiles are electron deficient compounds which accepts electrons from nucleophiles that results in bond formation.

Chemical reaction involves bond making and breaking of two or more reactants in order to attain products from the reactants.

Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.

In addition reaction of alkenes when two substituents are placed on same side of C=C then it is named as syn addition if it is placed on opposite sides of C=C it is defined as anti-addition.

Acid Catalyzed Hydration Reaction: The reaction involves breaking of phi bonds between carbon-carbon multiple bonds and addition of alcohol to more substituted position of carbon in the molecule.

First step is the acid donates proton to the alkene which leads to the formation of more stable carbo cation.

Then, the water is added to the given alkene through acid catalyzed reaction where the water gets added to the carbo cation finally, the removal of one proton from oxonium ion (oxygen with one positive charge) using water results in the formation of product.

Answer 8

(a)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 59P

The product for the given reaction is as follows,

EBK ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, Chapter 6, Problem 59P , additional homework tip 1

Answer 9

(a)

Expert Solution

Answer 10

(a)

Expert Solution

Answer 11

Expert Solution

Answer 12

Explanation of Solution

First, H+ from HBr attacks carbon with 1H in C=C results to give tertiary carbo cation which then Br− attacks the carbo cation and results in the formation of the product.

Answer 13

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product for the given reaction should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.

In addition reaction of alkenes when two substituents are placed on same side of C=C then it is named as syn addition if it is placed on opposite sides of C=C it is defined as anti-addition.

Acid Catalyzed Hydration Reaction: The reaction involves breaking of phi bonds between carbon-carbon multiple bonds and addition of alcohol to more substituted position of carbon in the molecule.

First step is the acid donates proton to the alkene which leads to the formation of more stable carbo cation.

Then, the water is added to the given alkene through acid catalyzed reaction where the water gets added to the carbo cation finally, the removal of one proton from oxonium ion (oxygen with one positive charge) using water results in the formation of product.

Carbocation: it is carbon ion that bears a positive charge on it.

Carbocation stability order:

(b)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 59P

The product for the reaction is as follows,

EBK ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, Chapter 6, Problem 59P , additional homework tip 3

Explanation of Solution

First, H+ from HBr attacks carbon with 2H in C=C results to give tertiary carbo cation which then Br− attacks the carbo cation and results in the formation of the product.

Answer 14

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product for the given reaction should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.

In addition reaction of alkenes when two substituents are placed on same side of C=C then it is named as syn addition if it is placed on opposite sides of C=C it is defined as anti-addition.

Acid Catalyzed Hydration Reaction: The reaction involves breaking of phi bonds between carbon-carbon multiple bonds and addition of alcohol to more substituted position of carbon in the molecule.

First step is the acid donates proton to the alkene which leads to the formation of more stable carbo cation.

Then, the water is added to the given alkene through acid catalyzed reaction where the water gets added to the carbo cation finally, the removal of one proton from oxonium ion (oxygen with one positive charge) using water results in the formation of product.

Carbocation: it is carbon ion that bears a positive charge on it.

Carbocation stability order:

Answer 15

(b)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 59P

The product for the reaction is as follows,

EBK ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, Chapter 6, Problem 59P , additional homework tip 3

Answer 16

(b)

Expert Solution

Answer 17

(b)

Expert Solution

Answer 18

Expert Solution

Answer 19

Explanation of Solution

First, H+ from HBr attacks carbon with 2H in C=C results to give tertiary carbo cation which then Br− attacks the carbo cation and results in the formation of the product.

Answer 20

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product for the given reaction should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.

In addition reaction of alkenes when two substituents are placed on same side of C=C then it is named as syn addition if it is placed on opposite sides of C=C it is defined as anti-addition.

Acid Catalyzed Hydration Reaction: The reaction involves breaking of phi bonds between carbon-carbon multiple bonds and addition of alcohol to more substituted position of carbon in the molecule.

First step is the acid donates proton to the alkene which leads to the formation of more stable carbo cation.

Then, the water is added to the given alkene through acid catalyzed reaction where the water gets added to the carbo cation finally, the removal of one proton from oxonium ion (oxygen with one positive charge) using water results in the formation of product.

Carbocation: it is carbon ion that bears a positive charge on it.

Carbocation stability order:

(c)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 59P

EBK ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, Chapter 6, Problem 59P , additional homework tip 5

Explanation of Solution

First H+ from H−Br bonds with C that contains 2H and results in secondary carbo cation which then involves 1,2-hydride shift results in formation of tertiary carbo cation.

Finally, the Br− attacks the tertiary carbo cation and results in the formation of the product.

Answer 21

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product for the given reaction should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.

In addition reaction of alkenes when two substituents are placed on same side of C=C then it is named as syn addition if it is placed on opposite sides of C=C it is defined as anti-addition.

Acid Catalyzed Hydration Reaction: The reaction involves breaking of phi bonds between carbon-carbon multiple bonds and addition of alcohol to more substituted position of carbon in the molecule.

First step is the acid donates proton to the alkene which leads to the formation of more stable carbo cation.

Then, the water is added to the given alkene through acid catalyzed reaction where the water gets added to the carbo cation finally, the removal of one proton from oxonium ion (oxygen with one positive charge) using water results in the formation of product.

Carbocation: it is carbon ion that bears a positive charge on it.

Carbocation stability order:

Answer 22

(c)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 59P

EBK ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, Chapter 6, Problem 59P , additional homework tip 5

Answer 23

(c)

Expert Solution

Answer 24

(c)

Expert Solution

Answer 25

Expert Solution

Answer 26

Explanation of Solution

First H+ from H−Br bonds with C that contains 2H and results in secondary carbo cation which then involves 1,2-hydride shift results in formation of tertiary carbo cation.

Finally, the Br− attacks the tertiary carbo cation and results in the formation of the product.

Answer 27

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product for the given reaction should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.

In addition reaction of alkenes when two substituents are placed on same side of C=C then it is named as syn addition if it is placed on opposite sides of C=C it is defined as anti-addition.

Acid Catalyzed Hydration Reaction: The reaction involves breaking of phi bonds between carbon-carbon multiple bonds and addition of alcohol to more substituted position of carbon in the molecule.

First step is the acid donates proton to the alkene which leads to the formation of more stable carbo cation.

Then, the water is added to the given alkene through acid catalyzed reaction where the water gets added to the carbo cation finally, the removal of one proton from oxonium ion (oxygen with one positive charge) using water results in the formation of product.

Carbocation: it is carbon ion that bears a positive charge on it.

Carbocation stability order:

(d)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 59P

EBK ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, Chapter 6, Problem 59P , additional homework tip 7

Explanation of Solution

First H+ from H−Br bonds with C that contains 2H and results in secondary carbo cation which then involves 1,2-methyl shift results in tertiary carbo cation.

Finally, the Br− attacks the carbo cation and results in the formation of the product.

Answer 28

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product for the given reaction should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.

In addition reaction of alkenes when two substituents are placed on same side of C=C then it is named as syn addition if it is placed on opposite sides of C=C it is defined as anti-addition.

Acid Catalyzed Hydration Reaction: The reaction involves breaking of phi bonds between carbon-carbon multiple bonds and addition of alcohol to more substituted position of carbon in the molecule.

First step is the acid donates proton to the alkene which leads to the formation of more stable carbo cation.

Then, the water is added to the given alkene through acid catalyzed reaction where the water gets added to the carbo cation finally, the removal of one proton from oxonium ion (oxygen with one positive charge) using water results in the formation of product.

Carbocation: it is carbon ion that bears a positive charge on it.

Carbocation stability order:

Answer 29

(d)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 59P

EBK ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, Chapter 6, Problem 59P , additional homework tip 7

Answer 30

(d)

Expert Solution

Answer 31

(d)

Expert Solution

Answer 32

Expert Solution

Answer 33

Explanation of Solution

First H+ from H−Br bonds with C that contains 2H and results in secondary carbo cation which then involves 1,2-methyl shift results in tertiary carbo cation.

Finally, the Br− attacks the carbo cation and results in the formation of the product.

Answer 34

Ch. 6.1 - Draw the mechanism for the reaction of cyclohexene...Ch. 6.2 - a. How many bond orbitals are avilable for...Ch. 6.2 - Prob. 3P Ch. 6.2 - Prob. 4P Ch. 6.3 - Prob. 5P Ch. 6.4 - Prob. 6P Ch. 6.4 - What alkene should be used to synthesize each of...Ch. 6.4 - Prob. 8P Ch. 6.5 - The pKa of a protonated alcohol is about 2.5, and...Ch. 6.5 - Prob. 10P

Answer to Problem 59P

Explanation of Solution

Answer to Problem 59P

Explanation of Solution

Answer to Problem 59P

Explanation of Solution

Answer to Problem 59P

Explanation of Solution

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