LIFE:SCIENCE OF BIOL.(LL) >CUSTOM<
LIFE:SCIENCE OF BIOL.(LL) >CUSTOM<
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781319209957
Author: Sadava
Publisher: MAC HIGHER
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Chapter 6, Problem 3Q
Summary Introduction

To analyze:

The process by which unsaturation affects the membrane fluidity.

Given:

Introduction:

The saturated fatty acids have no scope of addition of any molecule due to the presence of double bonds. The unsaturated fatty acids increase the membrane fluidity. In cold temperatures, the amounts of unsaturated fatty acids are high to prevent the membrane from damaging leading to the death of the organism. An experiment to comparatively study the fluidity and composition of cell membranes was conducted by the researchers. They maintained arctic sculpin at 0°C, a group of goldfish at 5°C, other group of goldfish at 25°C, desert pupfish at 34°C, and rats at normal temperature of 21°C and incubated them for several days. Researchers then extracted the membranes of the neuronal cells of all these animals.

A fluorescent molecule to each of the extracted membranes was added and the membranes were incubated at 20°C. Fluorescence was measured and a graph was plotted by them, which indicates fluorescence against the body temperature of each of the animals.

The following graph depicted the fluorescence of each animal at different temperatures. The more the value of fluorescence, less will be the movement of molecules depicting a less fluid membrane.

LIFE:SCIENCE OF BIOL.(LL) >CUSTOM<, Chapter 6, Problem 3Q , additional homework tip  1

The following table was drawn by the researchers showing the ratio of saturated to unsaturated fatty acids in the phospholipid phosphatidyl choline for different animals taken into consideration.

LIFE:SCIENCE OF BIOL.(LL) >CUSTOM<, Chapter 6, Problem 3Q , additional homework tip  2

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A sample of blood was taken from the above individual and prepared for haemoglobin analysis. However, when water was added the cells did not lyse and looked normal in size and shape. The technician suspected that they had may have made an error in the protocol – what is the most likely explanation?   The cell membranes are more resistant than normal.   An isotonic solution had been added instead of water.   A solution of 0.1 M NaCl had been added instead of water.   Not enough water had been added to the red blood cell pellet.   The man had sickle-cell anaemia.
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With reference to their absorption spectra of the oxy haemoglobin intact line) and deoxyhemoglobin (broken line) shown in Figure 2 below, how would you best explain the reason why there are differences in the major peaks of the spectra? Figure 2. SPECTRA OF OXYGENATED AND DEOXYGENATED HAEMOGLOBIN OBTAINED WITH THE RECORDING SPECTROPHOTOMETER 1.4 Abs < 0.8 06 0.4 400 420 440 460 480 500 520 540 560 580 600 nm 1. The difference in the spectra is due to a pH change in the deoxy-haemoglobin due to uptake of CO2- 2. There is more oxygen-carrying plasma in the oxy-haemoglobin sample. 3. The change in Mr due to oxygen binding causes the oxy haemoglobin to have a higher absorbance peak. 4. Oxy-haemoglobin is contaminated by carbaminohemoglobin, and therefore has a higher absorbance peak 5. Oxy-haemoglobin absorbs more light of blue wavelengths and less of red wavelengths than deoxy-haemoglobin
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