Concept explainers
a.
Normalization:
The process used to minimize data redundancy and dependency in a relational
Second normal form (2NF):
- The value of all non-primary key attributes should be dependent on the primary key attribute.
- If any attribute is depending on the partial primary key then it should determine the other attributes for an instance of the entity.
- The partial dependencies should be removed from the data model.
Third normal form (3NF):
- The value of any non-primary key attributes will not depend on any other non-primary key attributes.
- If any non-primary key attributes depend on any other non-primary key attribute then it should be moved or deleted.
- It is termed as transitive dependency.
Partial dependency:
A partial dependency exists at that time of an attributes depends only a part of primary key. This dependency is related with 1st normal form.
Transitive dependency:
A transitive dependency exists at that time of an attributes depends on another attribute which is not part of primary key.
Functional dependency:
An association between two attributes or two set of attributes in a same relational database table, which is having some constraints is known as functional dependency.
- In a table one attribute is functionally dependent on another attribute to take one value.
a.
Explanation of Solution
Construct the dependency diagram with all partial and transitive dependencies:
The relational schema for given INVOICE table is given below:
Invoice(INV_NUM, PROD_NUM, SALE_DATE, PROD_LABEL, VEND_CODE, VEND_NAME, QUANT_SOLD, PROD_PRICE)
- Here, “INV_NUM” and “PROD_NUM” indicates the primary key.
The representation of dependency diagram with all partial and transitive dependencies is shown below:
Explanation:
In the above dependency diagram,
- The partial dependencies are,
INV_NUM -> (SALE_DATE)
PROD_NUM -> (PROD_LABEL, VEND_CODE, VEND_NAME, PROD_PRICE)
- The transitive dependency is,
VEND_CODE -> (VEND_NAME)
b.
Normalization:
The process used to minimize data redundancy and dependency in a relational database is known as normalization. The database table is divided into two or more tables and defines the relationship between those tables.
Second normal form (2NF):
- The value of all non-primary key attributes should be dependent on the primary key attribute.
- If any attribute is depending on the partial primary key then it should determine the other attributes for an instance of the entity.
- The partial dependencies should be removed from the data model.
Third normal form (3NF):
- The value of any non-primary key attributes will not depend on any other non-primary key attributes.
- If any non-primary key attributes depend on any other non-primary key attribute then it should be moved or deleted.
- It is termed as transitive dependency.
Partial dependency:
A partial dependency exists at that time of an attributes depends only a part of primary key. This dependency is related with 1st normal form.
Transitive dependency:
A transitive dependency exists at that time of an attributes depends on another attribute which is not part of primary key.
Functional dependency:
An association between two attributes or two set of attributes in a same relational database table, which is having some constraints is known as functional dependency.
- In a table one attribute is functionally dependent on another attribute to take one value.
b.
Explanation of Solution
Construct the dependency diagram by removing all partial dependencies:
The new dependency diagram is represented by removing all partial dependencies in INVOICE table.
First table:
The relational schema for first table is given below:
3NF(INV_NUM, PROD_NUM, SALE_DATE, QUANT_SOLD)
- Here, “INV_NUM” and “PROD_NUM” indicates the primary keys.
- The relation is in third normal form (3NF), since there is no transitive dependency and no repeated attributes.
The representation of dependency diagram removes all partial dependencies in first table are shown below:
Second table:
The relational schema for second table is given below:
3NF(INV_NUM, SALE_DATE)
- Here, “INV_NUM” indicates the primary key.
- The relation is in third normal form (3NF), since there is no transitive dependency and no repeated attributes.
The representation of dependency diagram removes all partial dependencies in second table are shown below:
Third table:
The relational schema for third table is given below:
2NF(PROD_NUM, PROD_LABEL, VEND_CODE, VEND_NAME, PROD_PRICE)
- Here, “PROD_NUM” indicates the primary key.
- The relation is in third normal form (2NF), since there is transitive dependency in table.
The representation of dependency diagram removes all partial dependencies in third table are shown below:
c.
Normalization:
The process used to minimize data redundancy and dependency in a relational database is known as normalization. The database table is divided into two or more tables and defines the relationship between those tables.
Second normal form (2NF):
- The value of all non-primary key attributes should be dependent on the primary key attribute.
- If any attribute is depending on the partial primary key then it should determine the other attributes for an instance of the entity.
- The partial dependencies should be removed from the data model.
Third normal form (3NF):
- The value of any non-primary key attributes will not depend on any other non-primary key attributes.
- If any non-primary key attributes depend on any other non-primary key attribute then it should be moved or deleted.
- It is termed as transitive dependency.
Partial dependency:
A partial dependency exists at that time of an attributes depends only a part of primary key. This dependency is related with 1st normal form.
Transitive dependency:
A transitive dependency exists at that time of an attributes depends on another attribute which is not part of primary key.
Functional dependency:
An association between two attributes or two set of attributes in a same relational database table, which is having some constraints is known as functional dependency.
- In a table one attribute is functionally dependent on another attribute to take one value.
c.
Explanation of Solution
Construct the dependency diagram by removing all transitive dependencies:
The new dependency diagram is represented by removing all transitive dependencies in INVOICE table.
First table:
The relational schema for first table is given below:
3NF(INV_NUM, PROD_NUM, QUANT_SOLD)
- Here, “INV_NUM” and “PROD_NUM” indicates the primary keys.
- The relation is in third normal form (3NF), since there is no transitive dependency and no repeated attributes.
The representation of dependency diagram removes all partial dependencies in first table are shown below:
Second table:
The relational schema for second table is given below:
3NF(INV_NUM, SALE_DATE)
- Here, “INV_NUM” indicates the primary key.
- The relation is in third normal form (3NF), since there is no transitive dependency and no repeated attributes.
The representation of dependency diagram removes all transitive dependencies in second table are shown below:
Third table:
The relational schema for third table is given below:
3NF(VEND_CODE, VEND_NAME)
- Here, “VEND_CODE” indicates the primary key.
- The relation is in third normal form (3NF), since there is no transitive dependency and no repeated attributes.
The representation of dependency diagram removes all transitive dependencies in third table are shown below:
Fourth table:
The relational schema for final table is given below:
2NF(PROD_NUM, PROD_LABEL, VEND_CODE, PROD_PRICE)
- Here, “PROD_NUM” indicates the primary key.
- The relation is in third normal form (3NF), since there is no transitive dependency and no repeated attributes.
The representation of dependency diagram removes all transitive dependencies are shown below:
d.
Explanation of Solution
The representation of Crow’s Foot Entity Relational Diagram (ERD) is shown below:
The following data model shows the solution for the given question.
Explanation:
- In the above data model, one invoice can contains many invoice line.
- The “INVOICE” entity contains the “INV_NUM” and “SALE_DATE” attributes.
- The primary key of “INVOICE” entity is “INV_NUM”.
- The “INV_LINE” entity contains the “INV_NUM”, “PROD_NUM” and “QUANT_SOLD” attributes.
- The primary and foreign key of this entity is “INV_NUM”.
- The foreign key of this entity is “PROD_NUM”.
- The “INVOICE” entity contains the “INV_NUM” and “SALE_DATE” attributes.
- The product is written in more than one invoice line.
- The “PRODUCT” entity contains the “PROD_NUM”, “VEND_CODE”, “PROD_LABEL”, and “PROD_PRICE” attributes.
- The primary key of “PROD_NUM” for this entity.
- The foreign key of this entity is “VEND_CODE”.
- The “PRODUCT” entity contains the “PROD_NUM”, “VEND_CODE”, “PROD_LABEL”, and “PROD_PRICE” attributes.
- The vendor supplies more than one product.
- The “VENDOR” entity contains the “VEND_CODE” and “VEND_NAME” attributes.
- The primary key of “VEND_CODE” entity.
- The “VENDOR” entity contains the “VEND_CODE” and “VEND_NAME” attributes.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 6 Solutions
EBK DATABASE SYSTEMS: DESIGN, IMPLEMENT
- Why is JAVA OOP is really difficult to study?arrow_forwardMy daughter is a Girl Scout and it is time for our cookie sales. There are 15 neighbors nearby and she plans to visit every neighbor this evening. There is a 40% likelihood that someone will be home. If someone is home, there is an 85% likelihood that person will make a purchase. If a purchase is made, the revenue generated from the sale follows the Normal distribution with mean $18 and standard deviation $5. Using @RISK, simulate our door-to-door sales using at least 1000 iterations and report the expected revenue, the maximum revenue, and the average number of purchasers. What is the probability that the revenue will be greater than $120?arrow_forwardQ4 For the network of Fig. 1.41: a- Determine re b- Find Aymid =VolVi =Vo/Vi c- Calculate Zi. d- Find Ay smid e-Determine fL, JLC, and fLE f-Determine the low cutoff frequency. g- Sketch the asymptotes of the Bode plot defined by the cutoff frequencies of part (e). h-Sketch the low-frequency response for the amplifier using the results of part (f). Ans: 28.48 2, -72.91, 2.455 KS2, -54.68, 103.4 Hz. 38.05 Hz. 235.79 Hz. 235.79 Hz. 14V 15.6ΚΩ 68kQ 0.47µF Vo 0.82 ΚΩ V₁ B-120 3.3kQ 0.47µF 10kQ 1.2k0 =20µF Z₁ Fig. 1.41 Circuit forarrow_forward
- a. [10 pts] Write a Boolean equation in sum-of-products canonical form for the truth table shown below: A B C Y 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 a. [10 pts] Minimize the Boolean equation you obtained in (a). b. [10 pts] Implement, using Logisim, the simplified logic circuit. Include an image of the circuit in your report.arrow_forwardUsing XML, design a simple user interface for a fictional app. Your UI should include at least three different UI components (e.g., TextView, Button, EditText). Explain the purpose of each component in your design-you need to add screenshots of your work with your name as part of the code to appear on the interface-. Screenshot is needed.arrow_forwardQ4) A thin ring of radius 5 cm is placed on plane z = 1 cm so that its center is at (0,0,1 cm). If the ring carries 50 mA along a^, find H at (0,0,a).arrow_forward
- 4. [15 pts] A logic function F of four variables a; b; c; d is described by the following K-map. Derive the fully minimized SOP logic expression form of F. cd ab 00 01 11 10 00 0 0 0 1 01 1 0 0 1 11 1 0 1 1 10 0 0 1 1arrow_forward2. [20 pts] Student A B will enjoy his picnic on sunny days that have no ants. He will also enjoy his picnic any day he sees a hummingbird, as well as on days where there are ants and ladybugs. a. Write a Boolean equation for his enjoyment (E) in terms of sun (S), ants (A), hummingbirds (H), and ladybugs (L). b. Implement in Logisim, the logic circuit of E function. Use the Circuit Analysis tool in Logisim to view the expression, include an image of the expression generated by Logisimarrow_forwardHow would I go about creating this computer database in MariaDB with sql? Create a database name "dbXXXXXX" Select the database using the "use [database name]" command. Now you are in the database. Based on the above schema from Enrolment System database, create all the tables with the last 6 digits of "123456", then the table name for table Lecturer should be "123456_Lecturer". Refer to basic SQL lecture note to create table that has primary keys and Foreign Keys. Provide the datatype of each attributes. Add a column called "Department" with datatype "VARCHAR(12)" to the table "Lecturer". Shows the metadata of the updated "Lecturer" table. (Use Describe command) Drop the "Department" column from the table "Lecturer", and show the metadata of the updated "Lecturer" table. Insert three (3) data to each of the table in the tables created. Note: If you have foreign key issues, please disable foreign key constraints before inserting the data, see below SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0;…arrow_forward
- CSE330 Discrete Mathematics 1. In the classes, we discussed three forms of floating number representations as given below, (1) Standard/General Form, (2) Normalized Form, (3) Denormalized Form. 3. Consider the real number x = (3.395) 10 (a) (b) Convert the decimal number x into binary format up to 7 binary places (7 binary digits after decimal) Convert the calculated value into denormalized form and calculate fl(x) for m=4 Don't use any Al tool show answer in pen a nd paper then take pi ctures and sendarrow_forwardSimplify the following expressions by means of a four-variable K-Map. AD+BD+ BC + ABDarrow_forwardCSE330 Discrete Mathematics 1. In the classes, we discussed three forms of floating number representations as given below, (1) Standard/General Form, (2) Normalized Form, (3) Denormalized Form. 2. Let ẞ 2, m = 6, emin = -3 and emax = 3. Answer the following questions: Compute the minimum of |x| for General and Normalized form (a) Compute the Machine Epsilon value for the General and Denormalized form. If we change the value of emax to 6 then how will it affect the value of maximum scale invariant error for the case of Normalized form? Explain your answer. show answer in pen a Don't use any Al tool nd paper then take pi ctures and sendarrow_forward
Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Manag...Computer ScienceISBN:9781305627482Author:Carlos Coronel, Steven MorrisPublisher:Cengage Learning
Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Manag...Computer ScienceISBN:9781285196145Author:Steven, Steven Morris, Carlos Coronel, Carlos, Coronel, Carlos; Morris, Carlos Coronel and Steven Morris, Carlos Coronel; Steven Morris, Steven Morris; Carlos CoronelPublisher:Cengage Learning
A Guide to SQLComputer ScienceISBN:9781111527273Author:Philip J. PrattPublisher:Course Technology Ptr
Principles of Information Systems (MindTap Course...Computer ScienceISBN:9781285867168Author:Ralph Stair, George ReynoldsPublisher:Cengage Learning