EBK DATABASE SYSTEMS: DESIGN, IMPLEMENT
EBK DATABASE SYSTEMS: DESIGN, IMPLEMENT
12th Edition
ISBN: 8220101450739
Author: Morris
Publisher: YUZU
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Chapter 6, Problem 10RQ

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Anomaly:

  • Without normalization, redundancies occur in the table, and it may lead to errors or some sort of inconsistency. These are termed as anomalies.
  • Anomalies occur when user wants to update the data in the table.
  • There are three types of anomalies. They are,
    • Insertion anomaly
    • Deletion anomaly
    • Modification anomaly

Insertion anomaly:

  • Certain attributes cannot be inserted in the database table without the presence of other attributes and causes the occurrence of insert anomaly.
  • For example,
    • Suppose a student data need to be inserted in the STUDENT database table.
    • Student_name and dept are the combination of primary keys in the STUDENT relation.
    • The user must enter the values for both the keys. But, this is an anomaly here, because the user can enter only Student_name; the value for dept is unknown to the user until the student joins the department.

Deletion anomaly:

  • Deletion of an attribute causes unintended loss of data or inconsistencies in the database and is referred to as deletion anomaly...

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