Nature of Mathematics (MindTap Course List)
13th Edition
ISBN: 9781133947257
Author: karl J. smith
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 5.8, Problem 5PS
To determine
To Encode:
The message “THE AGENT HAS BEEN LOCATED.”
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Let n = 7, let p = 23 and let S be the set of least positive residues mod p of the first (p − 1)/2
multiple of n, i.e.
n mod p, 2n mod p, ...,
p-1
2
-n mod p.
Let T be the subset of S consisting of those residues which exceed p/2.
Find the set T, and hence compute the Legendre symbol (7|23).
23
32
how come?
The first 11 multiples of 7 reduced mod 23 are
7, 14, 21, 5, 12, 19, 3, 10, 17, 1, 8.
The set T is the subset of these residues exceeding
So T = {12, 14, 17, 19, 21}.
By Gauss' lemma (Apostol Theorem 9.6),
(7|23) = (−1)|T| = (−1)5 = −1.
Let n = 7, let p = 23 and let S be the set of least positive residues mod p of the first (p-1)/2
multiple of n, i.e.
n mod p, 2n mod p, ...,
2
p-1
-n mod p.
Let T be the subset of S consisting of those residues which exceed p/2.
Find the set T, and hence compute the Legendre symbol (7|23).
The first 11 multiples of 7 reduced mod 23 are
7, 14, 21, 5, 12, 19, 3, 10, 17, 1, 8.
23
The set T is the subset of these residues exceeding
2°
So T = {12, 14, 17, 19, 21}.
By Gauss' lemma (Apostol Theorem 9.6),
(7|23) = (−1)|T| = (−1)5 = −1.
how come?
Shading a Venn diagram with 3 sets: Unions, intersections, and...
The Venn diagram shows sets A, B, C, and the universal set U.
Shade (CUA)' n B on the Venn diagram.
U
Explanation
Check
A-
B
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Chapter 5 Solutions
Nature of Mathematics (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 5.1 - Level 1 IN YOUR OWN WORDS Explain each of the...Ch. 5.1 - Prob. 2PSCh. 5.1 - Prob. 3PSCh. 5.1 - Prob. 4PSCh. 5.1 - Prob. 5PSCh. 5.1 - Prob. 6PSCh. 5.1 - Prob. 7PSCh. 5.1 - Prob. 8PSCh. 5.1 - Prob. 9PSCh. 5.1 - Prob. 10PS
Ch. 5.1 - Prob. 11PSCh. 5.1 - Prob. 12PSCh. 5.1 - Prob. 13PSCh. 5.1 - Prob. 14PSCh. 5.1 - Prob. 15PSCh. 5.1 - Prob. 16PSCh. 5.1 - Prob. 17PSCh. 5.1 - Prob. 18PSCh. 5.1 - Prob. 19PSCh. 5.1 - Prob. 20PSCh. 5.1 - Prob. 21PSCh. 5.1 - Level 1 In Problems 15-26, classify each as an...Ch. 5.1 - Prob. 23PSCh. 5.1 - Prob. 24PSCh. 5.1 - Prob. 25PSCh. 5.1 - Prob. 26PSCh. 5.1 - Prob. 27PSCh. 5.1 - Prob. 28PSCh. 5.1 - Prob. 29PSCh. 5.1 - Level 1 Think of three nonassociative word triples...Ch. 5.1 - Prob. 31PSCh. 5.1 - Prob. 32PSCh. 5.1 - Prob. 33PSCh. 5.1 - Prob. 34PSCh. 5.1 - Prob. 35PSCh. 5.1 - Prob. 36PSCh. 5.1 - Prob. 37PSCh. 5.1 - Prob. 38PSCh. 5.1 - Prob. 39PSCh. 5.1 - Prob. 40PSCh. 5.1 - Prob. 41PSCh. 5.1 - Prob. 42PSCh. 5.1 - Prob. 43PSCh. 5.1 - Prob. 44PSCh. 5.1 - Prob. 45PSCh. 5.1 - Prob. 46PSCh. 5.1 - Prob. 47PSCh. 5.1 - Prob. 48PSCh. 5.1 - Prob. 49PSCh. 5.1 - Prob. 50PSCh. 5.1 - Prob. 51PSCh. 5.1 - Prob. 52PSCh. 5.1 - Prob. 53PSCh. 5.1 - Prob. 54PSCh. 5.1 - Prob. 55PSCh. 5.1 - Problem Solving Level 3 Consider a soldier facing...Ch. 5.1 - Prob. 57PSCh. 5.1 - Prob. 58PSCh. 5.1 - Prob. 59PSCh. 5.1 - Problem Solving Level 3 60. The Vanishing...Ch. 5.2 - IN YOUR OWN WORDS What is a prime number?Ch. 5.2 - Prob. 2PSCh. 5.2 - Prob. 3PSCh. 5.2 - Prob. 4PSCh. 5.2 - Prob. 5PSCh. 5.2 - Prob. 6PSCh. 5.2 - Prob. 7PSCh. 5.2 - Prob. 8PSCh. 5.2 - Prob. 9PSCh. 5.2 - Prob. 10PSCh. 5.2 - Prob. 11PSCh. 5.2 - Prob. 12PSCh. 5.2 - Prob. 13PSCh. 5.2 - Prob. 14PSCh. 5.2 - Find all the prime numbers less than or equal to...Ch. 5.2 - Determine the largest prime you need to consider...Ch. 5.2 - Prob. 17PSCh. 5.2 - Prob. 18PSCh. 5.2 - Prob. 19PSCh. 5.2 - Prob. 20PSCh. 5.2 - Prob. 21PSCh. 5.2 - Prob. 22PSCh. 5.2 - Prob. 23PSCh. 5.2 - Prob. 24PSCh. 5.2 - Prob. 25PSCh. 5.2 - Prob. 26PSCh. 5.2 - Prob. 27PSCh. 5.2 - Prob. 28PSCh. 5.2 - Prob. 29PSCh. 5.2 - Prob. 30PSCh. 5.2 - Prob. 31PSCh. 5.2 - Prob. 32PSCh. 5.2 - Prob. 33PSCh. 5.2 - Prob. 34PSCh. 5.2 - Prob. 35PSCh. 5.2 - Prob. 36PSCh. 5.2 - Prob. 37PSCh. 5.2 - Prob. 38PSCh. 5.2 - Prob. 39PSCh. 5.2 - Two movie theaters, UAI and UAII, start their...Ch. 5.2 - Prob. 41PSCh. 5.2 - Shannon is planning a party and wants to give each...Ch. 5.2 - Boxes that are 12 inches tall are stacked next to...Ch. 5.2 - Hot dogs come in packages of 10, while buns come...Ch. 5.2 - IN YOUR OWN WORDS We used a sieve of Eratosthenes...Ch. 5.2 - Prob. 46PSCh. 5.2 - Prob. 47PSCh. 5.2 - Prob. 48PSCh. 5.2 - Prob. 49PSCh. 5.2 - Prob. 50PSCh. 5.2 - Prob. 51PSCh. 5.2 - Prob. 52PSCh. 5.2 - Prob. 53PSCh. 5.2 - Prob. 54PSCh. 5.2 - Prob. 55PSCh. 5.2 - What is the smallest natural number that is...Ch. 5.2 - Prob. 57PSCh. 5.2 - Prob. 58PSCh. 5.2 - Prob. 59PSCh. 5.2 - Prob. 60PSCh. 5.3 - Prob. 1PSCh. 5.3 - Prob. 2PSCh. 5.3 - Prob. 3PSCh. 5.3 - Prob. 4PSCh. 5.3 - Prob. 5PSCh. 5.3 - Prob. 6PSCh. 5.3 - Prob. 7PSCh. 5.3 - Prob. 8PSCh. 5.3 - Prob. 9PSCh. 5.3 - Prob. 10PSCh. 5.3 - Prob. 11PSCh. 5.3 - Prob. 12PSCh. 5.3 - Prob. 13PSCh. 5.3 - Prob. 14PSCh. 5.3 - Prob. 15PSCh. 5.3 - Prob. 16PSCh. 5.3 - Prob. 17PSCh. 5.3 - Prob. 18PSCh. 5.3 - Prob. 19PSCh. 5.3 - Simplify the expressions in Problems 9-37. a....Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 21PSCh. 5.3 - Prob. 22PSCh. 5.3 - Prob. 23PSCh. 5.3 - Prob. 24PSCh. 5.3 - Prob. 25PSCh. 5.3 - Prob. 26PSCh. 5.3 - Prob. 27PSCh. 5.3 - Prob. 28PSCh. 5.3 - Prob. 29PSCh. 5.3 - Prob. 30PSCh. 5.3 - Prob. 31PSCh. 5.3 - Prob. 32PSCh. 5.3 - Prob. 33PSCh. 5.3 - Prob. 34PSCh. 5.3 - Prob. 35PSCh. 5.3 - Prob. 36PSCh. 5.3 - Prob. 37PSCh. 5.3 - Prob. 38PSCh. 5.3 - Prob. 39PSCh. 5.3 - Prob. 40PSCh. 5.3 - Prob. 41PSCh. 5.3 - Prob. 42PSCh. 5.3 - Prob. 43PSCh. 5.3 - Prob. 44PSCh. 5.3 - Prob. 45PSCh. 5.3 - Prob. 46PSCh. 5.3 - Prob. 47PSCh. 5.3 - Prob. 48PSCh. 5.3 - Prob. 49PSCh. 5.3 - Prob. 50PSCh. 5.3 - Prob. 51PSCh. 5.3 - Prob. 52PSCh. 5.3 - Perform the indicated operations. Let k be a...Ch. 5.3 - Perform the indicated operations. Let k be a...Ch. 5.3 - a. State the commutative property. b. Is ...Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 56PSCh. 5.3 - Prob. 57PSCh. 5.3 - Prob. 58PSCh. 5.3 - Multiply 1,234,5679,999,999 a. using a calculator...Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 60PSCh. 5.4 - IN YOUR OWN WORDS What does it mean for a fraction...Ch. 5.4 - IN YOUR OWN WORDS Describe the process for...Ch. 5.4 - Prob. 3PSCh. 5.4 - Prob. 4PSCh. 5.4 - IN YOUR OWN WORDS Use algebra to show where the...Ch. 5.4 - IN YOUR OWN WORDS Use algebra to show where the...Ch. 5.4 - Completely reduce the fractions in Problems 7-18....Ch. 5.4 - Completely reduce the fractions in Problems 7-18....Ch. 5.4 - Completely reduce the fractions in Problems 7-18....Ch. 5.4 - Completely reduce the fractions in Problems 7-18....Ch. 5.4 - Completely reduce the fractions in problem 7-18....Ch. 5.4 - Completely reduce the fractions in problem 7-18....Ch. 5.4 - Completely reduce the fractions in problem 7-18....Ch. 5.4 - Completely reduce the fractions in problem 7-18....Ch. 5.4 - Completely reduce the fractions in problem 7-18....Ch. 5.4 - Completely reduce the fractions in problem 7-18....Ch. 5.4 - Completely reduce the fractions in problem 7-18....Ch. 5.4 - Completely reduce the fractions in problem 7-18....Ch. 5.4 - Perform the indicated operations in problems...Ch. 5.4 - Perform the indicated operations in problems...Ch. 5.4 - Perform the indicated operations in problems...Ch. 5.4 - Perform the indicated operations in problems...Ch. 5.4 - Perform the indicated operations in problems...Ch. 5.4 - Prob. 24PSCh. 5.4 - Prob. 25PSCh. 5.4 - Prob. 26PSCh. 5.4 - Prob. 27PSCh. 5.4 - Prob. 28PSCh. 5.4 - Prob. 29PSCh. 5.4 - Prob. 30PSCh. 5.4 - Prob. 31PSCh. 5.4 - Prob. 32PSCh. 5.4 - Prob. 33PSCh. 5.4 - Prob. 34PSCh. 5.4 - Prob. 35PSCh. 5.4 - Prob. 36PSCh. 5.4 - Prob. 37PSCh. 5.4 - Prob. 38PSCh. 5.4 - Prob. 39PSCh. 5.4 - Prob. 40PSCh. 5.4 - Prob. 41PSCh. 5.4 - Prob. 42PSCh. 5.4 - Prob. 43PSCh. 5.4 - Prob. 44PSCh. 5.4 - Perform the indicated operations in problems...Ch. 5.4 - Perform the indicated operations in problems...Ch. 5.4 - Prob. 47PSCh. 5.4 - Prob. 48PSCh. 5.4 - Prob. 49PSCh. 5.4 - Prob. 50PSCh. 5.4 - Prob. 51PSCh. 5.4 - Prob. 52PSCh. 5.4 - Prob. 53PSCh. 5.4 - Prob. 54PSCh. 5.4 - Prob. 55PSCh. 5.4 - Prob. 56PSCh. 5.4 - Prob. 57PSCh. 5.4 - Prob. 58PSCh. 5.4 - Prob. 59PSCh. 5.4 - Prob. 60PSCh. 5.5 - Prob. 1PSCh. 5.5 - Prob. 2PSCh. 5.5 - Prob. 3PSCh. 5.5 - Prob. 4PSCh. 5.5 - Prob. 5PSCh. 5.5 - Prob. 6PSCh. 5.5 - Prob. 7PSCh. 5.5 - Prob. 8PSCh. 5.5 - Prob. 9PSCh. 5.5 - Prob. 10PSCh. 5.5 - Prob. 11PSCh. 5.5 - Prob. 12PSCh. 5.5 - Prob. 13PSCh. 5.5 - Prob. 14PSCh. 5.5 - Prob. 15PSCh. 5.5 - Prob. 16PSCh. 5.5 - Prob. 17PSCh. 5.5 - Prob. 18PSCh. 5.5 - Prob. 19PSCh. 5.5 - Prob. 20PSCh. 5.5 - Prob. 21PSCh. 5.5 - Prob. 22PSCh. 5.5 - Prob. 23PSCh. 5.5 - Prob. 24PSCh. 5.5 - Prob. 25PSCh. 5.5 - Prob. 26PSCh. 5.5 - Prob. 27PSCh. 5.5 - Prob. 28PSCh. 5.5 - Prob. 29PSCh. 5.5 - Prob. 30PSCh. 5.5 - Prob. 31PSCh. 5.5 - Prob. 32PSCh. 5.5 - Prob. 33PSCh. 5.5 - Prob. 34PSCh. 5.5 - Prob. 35PSCh. 5.5 - Prob. 36PSCh. 5.5 - Prob. 37PSCh. 5.5 - Prob. 38PSCh. 5.5 - If a carpenter wants to make sure that the corner...Ch. 5.5 - Prob. 40PSCh. 5.5 - An antenna is to be erected and held by guy wires....Ch. 5.5 - Prob. 42PSCh. 5.5 - Prob. 43PSCh. 5.5 - Prob. 44PSCh. 5.5 - Prob. 45PSCh. 5.5 - Prob. 46PSCh. 5.5 - Prob. 47PSCh. 5.5 - Prob. 48PSCh. 5.5 - Prob. 49PSCh. 5.5 - Prob. 50PSCh. 5.5 - Prob. 51PSCh. 5.5 - Prob. 52PSCh. 5.5 - Prob. 53PSCh. 5.5 - Prob. 54PSCh. 5.5 - Prob. 55PSCh. 5.5 - Prob. 56PSCh. 5.5 - Prob. 57PSCh. 5.5 - Prob. 58PSCh. 5.5 - Prob. 59PSCh. 5.5 - Prob. 60PSCh. 5.6 - Prob. 1PSCh. 5.6 - Prob. 2PSCh. 5.6 - Prob. 3PSCh. 5.6 - Prob. 4PSCh. 5.6 - Prob. 5PSCh. 5.6 - Prob. 6PSCh. 5.6 - Prob. 7PSCh. 5.6 - Tell whether each number is an element of N a...Ch. 5.6 - Prob. 9PSCh. 5.6 - Prob. 10PSCh. 5.6 - Express each of the numbers in Problems 9-12 as a...Ch. 5.6 - Prob. 12PSCh. 5.6 - Prob. 13PSCh. 5.6 - Prob. 14PSCh. 5.6 - Prob. 15PSCh. 5.6 - Prob. 16PSCh. 5.6 - Prob. 17PSCh. 5.6 - Prob. 18PSCh. 5.6 - Prob. 19PSCh. 5.6 - Prob. 20PSCh. 5.6 - Prob. 21PSCh. 5.6 - Prob. 22PSCh. 5.6 - Prob. 23PSCh. 5.6 - Prob. 24PSCh. 5.6 - Prob. 25PSCh. 5.6 - Carry out the operations with decimal forms in...Ch. 5.6 - Prob. 27PSCh. 5.6 - Prob. 28PSCh. 5.6 - Prob. 29PSCh. 5.6 - Prob. 30PSCh. 5.6 - Prob. 31PSCh. 5.6 - Prob. 32PSCh. 5.6 - Prob. 33PSCh. 5.6 - Prob. 34PSCh. 5.6 - Prob. 35PSCh. 5.6 - Prob. 36PSCh. 5.6 - Prob. 37PSCh. 5.6 - Prob. 38PSCh. 5.6 - Prob. 39PSCh. 5.6 - Prob. 40PSCh. 5.6 - Prob. 41PSCh. 5.6 - Prob. 42PSCh. 5.6 - Prob. 43PSCh. 5.6 - Prob. 44PSCh. 5.6 - Prob. 45PSCh. 5.6 - Prob. 46PSCh. 5.6 - Prob. 47PSCh. 5.6 - Prob. 48PSCh. 5.6 - Prob. 49PSCh. 5.6 - Prob. 50PSCh. 5.6 - Prob. 51PSCh. 5.6 - Prob. 52PSCh. 5.6 - Prob. 53PSCh. 5.6 - Prob. 54PSCh. 5.6 - Prob. 55PSCh. 5.6 - Let be an arbitrary operation in Problems 52-59....Ch. 5.6 - Let be an arbitrary operation in Problems 52-59....Ch. 5.6 - Prob. 58PSCh. 5.6 - Prob. 59PSCh. 5.6 - Prob. 60PSCh. 5.7 - Level 1. IN YOUR OWN WORDS. What do we mean by...Ch. 5.7 - Prob. 2PSCh. 5.7 - Prob. 3PSCh. 5.7 - Prob. 4PSCh. 5.7 - Prob. 5PSCh. 5.7 - Prob. 6PSCh. 5.7 - Level 1. Perform the indicated operations in...Ch. 5.7 - Prob. 8PSCh. 5.7 - Prob. 9PSCh. 5.7 - Prob. 10PSCh. 5.7 - Prob. 11PSCh. 5.7 - Prob. 12PSCh. 5.7 - Prob. 13PSCh. 5.7 - Prob. 14PSCh. 5.7 - Prob. 15PSCh. 5.7 - Prob. 16PSCh. 5.7 - Prob. 17PSCh. 5.7 - Prob. 18PSCh. 5.7 - Prob. 19PSCh. 5.7 - Prob. 20PSCh. 5.7 - Prob. 21PSCh. 5.7 - Prob. 22PSCh. 5.7 - Prob. 23PSCh. 5.7 - Prob. 24PSCh. 5.7 - Prob. 25PSCh. 5.7 - Prob. 26PSCh. 5.7 - Prob. 27PSCh. 5.7 - Prob. 28PSCh. 5.7 - Prob. 29PSCh. 5.7 - Prob. 30PSCh. 5.7 - Prob. 31PSCh. 5.7 - Prob. 32PSCh. 5.7 - Prob. 33PSCh. 5.7 - Prob. 34PSCh. 5.7 - Prob. 35PSCh. 5.7 - Level 2. If you know that your aunt in Problem 34...Ch. 5.7 - Prob. 37PSCh. 5.7 - Prob. 38PSCh. 5.7 - Prob. 39PSCh. 5.7 - Prob. 40PSCh. 5.7 - Prob. 41PSCh. 5.7 - Prob. 42PSCh. 5.7 - Prob. 43PSCh. 5.7 - Prob. 44PSCh. 5.7 - Prob. 45PSCh. 5.7 - Prob. 46PSCh. 5.7 - Prob. 47PSCh. 5.7 - Prob. 48PSCh. 5.7 - Prob. 49PSCh. 5.7 - Prob. 50PSCh. 5.7 - Prob. 51PSCh. 5.7 - Prob. 52PSCh. 5.7 - Prob. 53PSCh. 5.7 - Prob. 54PSCh. 5.7 - Prob. 55PSCh. 5.7 - Prob. 56PSCh. 5.7 - Prob. 57PSCh. 5.7 - Prob. 58PSCh. 5.7 - Prob. 59PSCh. 5.7 - Prob. 60PSCh. 5.8 - Prob. 1PSCh. 5.8 - Prob. 2PSCh. 5.8 - Prob. 3PSCh. 5.8 - Prob. 4PSCh. 5.8 - Prob. 5PSCh. 5.8 - Prob. 6PSCh. 5.8 - Prob. 7PSCh. 5.8 - Prob. 8PSCh. 5.8 - Prob. 9PSCh. 5.8 - Number the letters of the alphabet from 1 to 26;...Ch. 5.8 - Prob. 11PSCh. 5.8 - Prob. 12PSCh. 5.8 - Prob. 13PSCh. 5.8 - Prob. 14PSCh. 5.8 - Prob. 15PSCh. 5.8 - Prob. 16PSCh. 5.8 - Prob. 17PSCh. 5.8 - Prob. 18PSCh. 5.8 - Prob. 19PSCh. 5.8 - Prob. 20PSCh. 5.8 - Prob. 21PSCh. 5.8 - Prob. 22PSCh. 5.8 - Prob. 23PSCh. 5.8 - Prob. 24PSCh. 5.8 - Prob. 25PSCh. 5.8 - Prob. 26PSCh. 5.8 - Prob. 27PSCh. 5.8 - Prob. 28PSCh. 5.8 - Prob. 29PSCh. 5.8 - Prob. 30PSCh. 5.8 - Prob. 31PSCh. 5.8 - Give the decoding key for the encoding keys in...Ch. 5.8 - Prob. 33PSCh. 5.8 - Prob. 34PSCh. 5.8 - Prob. 35PSCh. 5.8 - Prob. 36PSCh. 5.8 - Prob. 37PSCh. 5.8 - Prob. 38PSCh. 5.8 - Prob. 39PSCh. 5.8 - Use Figure 5.25 to encode or decode the messages...Ch. 5.8 - Prob. 41PSCh. 5.8 - Prob. 42PSCh. 5.8 - Prob. 43PSCh. 5.8 - Prob. 44PSCh. 5.8 - Prob. 45PSCh. 5.8 - Prob. 46PSCh. 5.8 - Prob. 47PSCh. 5.8 - Prob. 48PSCh. 5.8 - Prob. 51PSCh. 5.8 - Prob. 52PSCh. 5.8 - Prob. 53PSCh. 5.8 - Prob. 54PSCh. 5.8 - Prob. 55PSCh. 5.8 - Prob. 56PSCh. 5.8 - Prob. 57PSCh. 5.8 - Prob. 58PSCh. 5.8 - Prob. 59PSCh. 5.8 - Prob. 60PSCh. 5.CR - Prob. 1CRCh. 5.CR - Prob. 2CRCh. 5.CR - Prob. 3CRCh. 5.CR - Prob. 4CRCh. 5.CR - Reduce each fraction. If it is reduced, so state....Ch. 5.CR - Prob. 6CRCh. 5.CR - Prob. 7CRCh. 5.CR - Prob. 8CRCh. 5.CR - Prob. 9CRCh. 5.CR - Prob. 10CRCh. 5.CR - Prob. 11CRCh. 5.CR - Prob. 12CRCh. 5.CR - Prob. 13CRCh. 5.CR - Prob. 14CRCh. 5.CR - Prob. 15CRCh. 5.CR - Prob. 16CRCh. 5.CR - Prob. 17CRCh. 5.CR - Do You Weigh Too Much? In the United States, an...Ch. 5.CR - Prob. 19CRCh. 5.CR - Prob. 20CR
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