Chapter 5.6, Problem 57PP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of valence electrons in aluminium should be indicated.

Concept Introduction:

An outer shell electron(s) which is related with an atom and that electron(s) can take part in the creation of a chemical bond is known as valence electrons.

Periodic Table contains periods and groups. There are 18 groups and 7 periods in the periodic table. The vertical columns are known as groups and horizontal rows are known as periods. The numbering of periods is done as 1 to 7 from top to bottom and groups are named as 1A, 2A, 3B to 8B, 1B, 2B, 3A to 8A from left to right where A represents representative elements and B represents transition elements.

In periodic table, different blocks within the periodic table correspond to the s, p, d and f sublevels. Thus, on the basis of increasing atomic number in the periodic table, electronic configuration of atoms can be written.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of valence electrons in Group 5A (15) should be indicated.

Concept Introduction:

An outer shell electron(s) which is related with an atom and that electron(s) can take part in the creation of a chemical bond is known as valence electrons.

Periodic Table contains periods and groups. There are 18 groups and 7 periods in the periodic table. The vertical columns are known as groups and horizontal rows are known as periods. The numbering of periods is done as 1 to 7 from top to bottom and groups are named as 1A, 2A, 3B to 8B, 1B, 2B, 3A to 8A from left to right where A represents representative elements and B represents transition elements.

In periodic table, different blocks within the periodic table correspond to the s, p, d and f sublevels. Thus, on the basis of increasing atomic number in the periodic table, electronic configuration of atoms can be written.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of valence electrons in barium should be indicated.

Concept Introduction:

An outer shell electron(s) which is related with an atom and that electron(s) can take part in the creation of a chemical bond is known as valence electrons.

Periodic Table contains periods and groups. There are 18 groups and 7 periods in the periodic table. The vertical columns are known as groups and horizontal rows are known as periods. The numbering of periods is done as 1 to 7 from top to bottom and groups are named as 1A, 2A, 3B to 8B, 1B, 2B, 3A to 8A from left to right where A represents representative elements and B represents transition elements.

In periodic table, different blocks within the periodic table correspond to the s, p, d and f sublevels. Thus, on the basis of increasing atomic number in the periodic table, electronic configuration of atoms can be written.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of valence electrons in $\text{F, Cl, Br}$ and $\text{I}$ should be indicated.

Concept Introduction:

An outer shell electron(s) which is related with an atom and that electron(s) can take part in the creation of a chemical bond is known as valence electrons.

Periodic Table contains periods and groups. There are 18 groups and 7 periods in the periodic table. The vertical columns are known as groups and horizontal rows are known as periods. The numbering of periods is done as 1 to 7 from top to bottom and groups are named as 1A, 2A, 3B to 8B, 1B, 2B, 3A to 8A from left to right where A represents representative elements and B represents transition elements.

In periodic table, different blocks within the periodic table correspond to the s, p, d and f sublevels. Thus, on the basis of increasing atomic number in the periodic table, electronic configuration of atoms can be written.