Laboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & Physiology
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781260159363
Author: Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, Cynthia
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.
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Chapter 56, Problem 4.2A
Summary Introduction
To write:
The
Introduction:
Basal metabolic rate is also represented as BMR. It is defined as the rate of the expenditure of energy per unit time at rest by the endothermic animals. The BMR at rest is low as compared to the body undergoing vigorous activities (such as exercise).
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9. Aerobic respiration of one lipid molecule. The lipid is composed of one glycerol molecule connected to two
fatty acid tails. One fatty acid is 12 carbons long and the other fatty acid is 18 carbons long in the figure
below. Use the information below to determine how much ATP will be produced from the glycerol part of
the lipid. Then, in part B, determine how much ATP is produced from the 2 fatty acids of the lipid. Finally
put the NADH and ATP yields together from the glycerol and fatty acids (part A and B) to determine your
total number of ATP produced per lipid. Assume no other carbon source is available.
18 carbons
fatty acids
12 carbons
9
glycerol
A. Glycerol is broken down to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, a glycolysis intermediate via the following
pathway shown in the figure below. Notice this process costs one ATP but generates one FADH2. Continue
generating ATP with glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate using the standard pathway and aerobic respiration.
glycerol
glycerol-3-
phosphate…
Normal dive (for diving humans)
normal
breathing
dive
normal
breathing
Oz level
CO2 level
urgent need
to breathe
Oz blackout zone
high CO2 triggers breathing
6. This diagram shows rates of oxygen depletion and carbon dioxide accumulation in the blood in
relation to the levels needed to maintain consciousness and trigger the urgent need to breathe in
diving humans.
How might the location and slope of the O₂ line differ for diving marine mammals such as
whales and dolphins?
•
How might the location and slope of the CO₂ line differ for diving marine mammals such as
whales and dolphins?
•
•
Draw in predicted lines for O2 and CO2, based on your reasoning above.
How might the location of the Urgent Need to Breathe line and the O2 Blackout Zone line
differ for diving marine mammals?
What physiological mechanisms account for each of these differences, resulting in the ability
of marine mammals to stay submerged for long periods of time?
Chapter 56 Solutions
Laboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & Physiology
Ch. 56 - The type of metabolic reactions that release...Ch. 56 - The reactants of glucose catabolism are _______....Ch. 56 - Which of the following is not a factor that can...Ch. 56 - A measurement of the minimal amount of energy...Ch. 56 - Direct calorimetry measures. a. oxygen consumption...Ch. 56 - Basal metabolic rate (BMR) is best measured when a...Ch. 56 - Prob. 7PLCh. 56 - Prob. 1.4ACh. 56 - The polymerization of glycogen from glucose...Ch. 56 - The sum total of all chemical reactions that occur...
Ch. 56 - The break down of glucose into pyruvate is...Ch. 56 - In this experiment, metabolic rate was measured...Ch. 56 - The cells of the body utilize oxygen in the...Ch. 56 - Smaller organisms have a _______________________...Ch. 56 - Prob. 3.7ACh. 56 - The greater the ratio of surface area to volume of...Ch. 56 - Prob. 3.9ACh. 56 - (a) If Bill, who weighs 160 pounds, consumed 2025...Ch. 56 - For each of the following factors, indicate...Ch. 56 - Prob. 4.2ACh. 56 - For each of the following factors, indicate...Ch. 56 - For each of the following factors, indicate...Ch. 56 - For each of the following factors, indicate...Ch. 56 - For each of the following factors, indicate...Ch. 56 - For each of the following factors, indicate...Ch. 56 - For each of the following factors, indicate...
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- Normal dive (for diving humans) normal breathing dive normal breathing Oz level CO₂ level urgent need to breathe Oz blackout zone high CO₂ triggers breathing 6. This diagram shows rates of oxygen depletion and carbon dioxide accumulation in the blood in relation to the levels needed to maintain consciousness and trigger the urgent need to breathe in diving humans. • How might the location and slope of the O2 line differ for diving marine mammals such as whales and dolphins? • How might the location and slope of the CO2 line differ for diving marine mammals such as whales and dolphins? • • Draw in predicted lines for O2 and CO2, based on your reasoning above. How might the location of the Urgent Need to Breathe line and the O2 Blackout Zone line differ for diving marine mammals? What physiological mechanisms account for each of these differences, resulting in the ability of marine mammals to stay submerged for long periods of time?arrow_forwardHow much ATP will be produced during the following metabolic scenario: Aerobic respiration of a 5mM lipid solution that is made up of one glycerol and an 8-carbon fatty acid and 12-carbon fatty acid. Recall that when glycerol breaks down to Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate it costs one ATP but your get an extra FADH2. Every two carbons of a fatty acid break down to one acetyl-CoA. Units cannot be entered in this style of question but the units of your answer should be in mM of ATP.arrow_forwardIf a bacterium using aerobic respiration was to degrade one small protein molecule into 8 molecules of pyruvic acid, how many ATP would that cell make? Assume there is no other carbon source. Units cannot be entered in this style of question but the units of your answer should be in molecules of ATP.arrow_forward
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