Finite Mathematics
7th Edition
ISBN: 9781337280426
Author: Stefan Waner, Steven Costenoble
Publisher: Cengage Learning
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 5.4, Problem 31E
Latin Music Sales (Digital) You are about to go live with a Latin music download service called iYayay that will compete head-to-head with Apple’s iTunes. (Good luck!) You will be selling digital albums of regional (Mexican/Tejano) music for $5 each, pop/rock albums for $4 each, and tropical (salsa/merengue/cumbia/bachata) albums for 6 each. Your servers can handle up to 40,000 downloaded albums per day, and you anticipate on the basis of national sales31 that sales of regional music will be at least four time those from tropical music. You also anticipate that you will sell at least 10,000 pop/rock album per day as a result of the very attractive $4 price. On the basis of these as assumptions, how many of each type of album should you sell for a maximum daily revenue, and what will your daily revenue be?
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
42. Consider the following joint probability table.
B₁
B2
B3
B4
A
0.09
0.22
0.15
0.20
A
0.03
0.10
0.09
0.12
EXERCISES 4.3
Mechanics
41. Consider the following contingency table.
B
B
A
26
34
Ac
14
26
a. Convert the contingency table into a joint probability table.
b. What is the probability that A occurs?
ن فة
What is the probability that A and B occur?
d. Given that B has occurred, what is the probability that
A occurs?
e. Given that A has occurred, what is the probability that
B occurs?
f.
Are A and B mutually exclusive events? Explain.
g.
Are A and B independent events? Explain.
42. Consider the following joint probability table.
B₁
B2
B3
BA
A
0.09
0.22
0.15
0.20
Ac
0.03
0.10
0.09
0.12
Stem1: 1,4
Stem 2: 2,4,8
Stem3: 2,4
Stem4: 0,1,6,8
Stem5: 0,1,2,3,9
Stem 6: 2,2
What’s the Min,Q1, Med,Q3,Max?
Chapter 5 Solutions
Finite Mathematics
Ch. 5.1 - In Exercises 1-26, sketch the region that...Ch. 5.1 - In Exercises 1-26, sketch the region that...Ch. 5.1 - In Exercises 1-26, sketch the region that...Ch. 5.1 - In Exercises 1-26, sketch the region that...Ch. 5.1 - In Exercises 1-26, sketch the region that...Ch. 5.1 - Prob. 6ECh. 5.1 - In Exercises 1-26, sketch the region that...Ch. 5.1 - In Exercises 1-26, sketch the region that...Ch. 5.1 - Prob. 9ECh. 5.1 - In Exercises 1-26, sketch the region that...
Ch. 5.1 - In Exercises 1-26, sketch the region that...Ch. 5.1 - In Exercises 1-26, sketch the region that...Ch. 5.1 - In Exercises 1-26, sketch the region that...Ch. 5.1 - Prob. 14ECh. 5.1 - In Exercises 1-26, sketch the region that...Ch. 5.1 - In Exercises 1-26, sketch the region that...Ch. 5.1 - In Exercises 1-26, sketch the region that...Ch. 5.1 - In Exercises 1-26, sketch the region that...Ch. 5.1 - In Exercises 1-26, sketch the region that...Ch. 5.1 - In Exercises 1-26, sketch the region that...Ch. 5.1 - Prob. 21ECh. 5.1 - Prob. 22ECh. 5.1 - Prob. 23ECh. 5.1 - In Exercises 1-26, sketch the region that...Ch. 5.1 - In Exercises 1-26, sketch the region that...Ch. 5.1 - In Exercises 1-26, sketch the region that...Ch. 5.1 - Prob. 27ECh. 5.1 - In Exercises 27-32, we suggest that you use...Ch. 5.1 - Prob. 29ECh. 5.1 - In Exercises 27-32, we suggest that you use...Ch. 5.1 - Prob. 31ECh. 5.1 - In Exercises 27-32, we suggest that you use...Ch. 5.1 - Resource Allocation You manage an ice cream...Ch. 5.1 - Resource Allocation Podunk Institute of Technologs...Ch. 5.1 - Nutrition, Ruff, Inc. makes dog food out of...Ch. 5.1 - Purchasing Enormous State Universitys Business...Ch. 5.1 - Nutrition Gerber Products Gerber Mixed Cereal for...Ch. 5.1 - Prob. 38ECh. 5.1 - Municipal Bond Funds The Pioneer Investment...Ch. 5.1 - Mutual Funds In 2015, the Phoenix/Zweig Advisors...Ch. 5.1 - Investments: Financial Stocks (Compare Exercise 51...Ch. 5.1 - Revenue The following spreadsheet gives annual...Ch. 5.1 - Prob. 43ECh. 5.1 - Prob. 44ECh. 5.1 - Prob. 45ECh. 5.1 - Prob. 46ECh. 5.1 - Prob. 47ECh. 5.1 - Prob. 48ECh. 5.1 - Prob. 49ECh. 5.1 - Prob. 50ECh. 5.1 - In Exercises 51-54, you are mixing x grams of...Ch. 5.1 - In Exercises 51-54, you are mixing x grams of...Ch. 5.1 - In Exercises 51-54, you are mixing x grams of...Ch. 5.1 - Prob. 54ECh. 5.1 - Prob. 55ECh. 5.1 - Prob. 56ECh. 5.1 - Prob. 57ECh. 5.1 - Prob. 58ECh. 5.2 - Exercises 1-24, solve the given LP problem. If no...Ch. 5.2 - Exercises 1-24, solve the given LP problem. If no...Ch. 5.2 - Exercises 1-24, solve the given LP problem. If no...Ch. 5.2 - Exercises 1-24, solve the given LP problem. If no...Ch. 5.2 - Exercises 1-24, solve the given LP problem. If no...Ch. 5.2 - Prob. 6ECh. 5.2 - Prob. 7ECh. 5.2 - Exercises 1-24, solve the given LP problem. If no...Ch. 5.2 - Exercises 1-24, solve the given LP problem. If no...Ch. 5.2 - Exercises 1-24, solve the given LP problem. If no...Ch. 5.2 - Prob. 11ECh. 5.2 - Prob. 12ECh. 5.2 - Prob. 13ECh. 5.2 - Exercises 1-24, solve the given LP problem. If no...Ch. 5.2 - Exercises 1-24, solve the given LP problem. If no...Ch. 5.2 - Exercises 1-24, solve the given LP problem. If no...Ch. 5.2 - Prob. 17ECh. 5.2 - Exercises 1-24, solve the given LP problem. If no...Ch. 5.2 - Exercises 1-24, solve the given LP problem. If no...Ch. 5.2 - Exercises 1-24, solve the given LP problem. If no...Ch. 5.2 - Prob. 21ECh. 5.2 - Prob. 22ECh. 5.2 - Prob. 23ECh. 5.2 - Prob. 24ECh. 5.2 - Resource Allocation You manage an ice cream...Ch. 5.2 - Resource Allocation Podunk Institute of...Ch. 5.2 - Nutrition Ruff, Inc. makes dog food out of chicken...Ch. 5.2 - Purchasing Enormous State Universitys Business...Ch. 5.2 - Nutrition Gerber Products Gerber Mixed Cereal for...Ch. 5.2 - Nutrition Gerber Products Gerber Mixed Cereal for...Ch. 5.2 - Energy Efficiency You are thinking of making your...Ch. 5.2 - Energy Efficiency (Compare with Exercise 31). You...Ch. 5.2 - Prob. 33ECh. 5.2 - Bodybuilding Supplements Exercises 33-36 are based...Ch. 5.2 - Bodybuilding Supplements Exercises 33-36 are based...Ch. 5.2 - Bodybuilding Supplements Exercises 33-36 are based...Ch. 5.2 - Resource Allocation Your salami manufacturing...Ch. 5.2 - Project Design The Megabuck Hospital Corporation...Ch. 5.2 - Prob. 39ECh. 5.2 - Television Advertising On Monday evenings in April...Ch. 5.2 - Prob. 41ECh. 5.2 - Prob. 42ECh. 5.2 - Investments: Financial Stocks (Compare Exercise 41...Ch. 5.2 - Investments: High-Dividend Stocks (Compare...Ch. 5.2 - Planning My friends: I, the mighty Brutus, have...Ch. 5.2 - Prob. 46ECh. 5.2 - Prob. 47ECh. 5.2 - Management21 You are the service manager for a...Ch. 5.2 - If a linear programming problem has a bounded,...Ch. 5.2 - If a linear programming problem has an unbounded,...Ch. 5.2 - Prob. 53ECh. 5.2 - Prob. 54ECh. 5.2 - Prob. 55ECh. 5.2 - Prob. 56ECh. 5.2 - Prob. 57ECh. 5.2 - Prob. 58ECh. 5.2 - Prob. 59ECh. 5.2 - Prob. 60ECh. 5.2 - Prob. 61ECh. 5.2 - Prob. 62ECh. 5.2 - You are setting up an LP problem for Fly-by-Night...Ch. 5.2 - Prob. 64ECh. 5.2 - Prob. 65ECh. 5.2 - Prob. 66ECh. 5.3 - Maximize p=2x+y Subject to x+2y6 x+y4 x+y4 x0,y0....Ch. 5.3 - Maximize p=x Subject to xy4 x+3y4 x0,y0. [HINT:...Ch. 5.3 - Maximize p=xy Subject to 5x5y20 2x10y40 x0,y0.Ch. 5.3 - Maximize p=2x+3y Subject to 3x+8y24 6x+4y30 x0,y0.Ch. 5.3 - Maximize p=5x4y+3z Subject to 5x+5z100 5y5z50...Ch. 5.3 - Maximize p=6x+y+3z Subject to 3x+y15 2x+2y+2z20...Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 7ECh. 5.3 - Maximize p=3x+4y+2z Subject to 3x+y+z5 x+2y+z5...Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 9ECh. 5.3 - Maximize z=3x1+4x2+6x3 Subject to 5x1x2+x31,500...Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 11ECh. 5.3 - Prob. 12ECh. 5.3 - Prob. 13ECh. 5.3 - Maximize p=x+2y+z+2w+v Subject to x+y1 y+z2 z+w3...Ch. 5.3 - In Exercises 15-20 we suggest the use of...Ch. 5.3 - In Exercises 15-20 we suggest the use of...Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 17ECh. 5.3 - In Exercises 15-20 we suggest the use of...Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 19ECh. 5.3 - In Exercises 15-20 we suggest the use of...Ch. 5.3 - Purchasing You are in charge of purchases at the...Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 22ECh. 5.3 - Resource Allocation Arctic Juice Company makes...Ch. 5.3 - Purchasing Trans Global Tractor Trailers has...Ch. 5.3 - Resource Allocation The Enormous State University...Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 26ECh. 5.3 - Agriculture Your small farm encompasses 100 acres,...Ch. 5.3 - Agriculture Your farm encompasses 500 acre, and...Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 29ECh. 5.3 - Resource Allocation Repeat Exercise 29, but this...Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 31ECh. 5.3 - Prob. 32ECh. 5.3 - Recycling Safety-Kleen operates the worlds largest...Ch. 5.3 - Recycling Repeat Exercise 33, but this time assume...Ch. 5.3 - Bodybuilding Supplements Exercises 35 and 36 are...Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 36ECh. 5.3 - Investing Exercises 37 and 38 are based on the...Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 38ECh. 5.3 - Prob. 39ECh. 5.3 - Investments You have $100,000 that you are...Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 41ECh. 5.3 - Prob. 42ECh. 5.3 - Prob. 43ECh. 5.3 - Prob. 44ECh. 5.3 - Transportation Scheduling Your publishing company...Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 46ECh. 5.3 - Prob. 47ECh. 5.3 - Prob. 48ECh. 5.3 - Prob. 49ECh. 5.3 - Are there any types of linear programming problems...Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 51ECh. 5.3 - Prob. 52ECh. 5.3 - What is a basic solution? How might one find a...Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 54ECh. 5.3 - Prob. 55ECh. 5.3 - Prob. 56ECh. 5.4 - Maximize p=x+y subject to x+2y6 x+y4 2x+y8 x0,y0...Ch. 5.4 - Maximize p=3x+2y subject to x+3y6 x+y4 2x+y8 x0,y0...Ch. 5.4 - Prob. 3ECh. 5.4 - Maximize p=x+2y subject to x+y25 y10 2xy0 x0,y0.Ch. 5.4 - Maximize p=2x+5y+3z subject to x+y+z150 x+y+z100...Ch. 5.4 - Maximize p=3x+2y+2z subject to x+y+2z38 2x+y+z24...Ch. 5.4 - Maximize p=10x+20y+15z subject to x+2y+z40 2yz10...Ch. 5.4 - Maximize p=10x+10y+15z subject to xy+z12 2x2y+z15...Ch. 5.4 - Prob. 9ECh. 5.4 - Maximize p=x+y+4z+2w subject to x+y+z+w50 2x+yzw10...Ch. 5.4 - Minimize c=6x+6y subject to x+2y20 2x+y20 x0,y0.Ch. 5.4 - Minimize c=3x+2y subject to x+2y20 2x+y10 x0,y0Ch. 5.4 - Prob. 13ECh. 5.4 - Minimize c=2x+2y+3z subject to x+z100 2x+y50 y+z50...Ch. 5.4 - Minimize c=50x+50y+11z subject to 2x+z3 2x+yz2...Ch. 5.4 - Prob. 16ECh. 5.4 - Prob. 17ECh. 5.4 - Prob. 18ECh. 5.4 - Prob. 19ECh. 5.4 - In Exercises 19-24, we suggest the use of...Ch. 5.4 - Prob. 21ECh. 5.4 - In Exercises 19-24, we suggest the use of...Ch. 5.4 - In Exercises 19-24, we suggest the use of...Ch. 5.4 - Prob. 24ECh. 5.4 - Agriculture (Compare Exercise 27 in Section 6.3.)...Ch. 5.4 - Agriculture (Compare Exercise 28 in Section 6.3.)...Ch. 5.4 - Politics The political pollster Canter preparing...Ch. 5.4 - Prob. 28ECh. 5.4 - Resource Allocation Succulent Citrus produce...Ch. 5.4 - Resource Allocation Fancy Pineapple produces...Ch. 5.4 - Latin Music Sales (Digital) You are about to go...Ch. 5.4 - Prob. 32ECh. 5.4 - Prob. 33ECh. 5.4 - Prob. 34ECh. 5.4 - Gaming Exercises 33-36 are based on the following...Ch. 5.4 - Prob. 36ECh. 5.4 - Prob. 37ECh. 5.4 - Prob. 38ECh. 5.4 - Prob. 39ECh. 5.4 - Purchasing Federal Rent-a-Car is pulling together...Ch. 5.4 - Prob. 41ECh. 5.4 - Prob. 42ECh. 5.4 - Prob. 43ECh. 5.4 - Prob. 44ECh. 5.4 - Transportation Scheduling We return 10 your...Ch. 5.4 - Prob. 46ECh. 5.4 - Finance Senator Porkbarrel habitually overdraws...Ch. 5.4 - Prob. 48ECh. 5.4 - Transportation Scheduling Your publishing company...Ch. 5.4 - Transportation Scheduling Repeat Exercise 49, but...Ch. 5.4 - Prob. 51ECh. 5.4 - Prob. 52ECh. 5.4 - Prob. 53ECh. 5.4 - Prob. 54ECh. 5.4 - Prob. 55ECh. 5.4 - Prob. 56ECh. 5.4 - Prob. 57ECh. 5.4 - Prob. 58ECh. 5.4 - Prob. 59ECh. 5.4 - Prob. 60ECh. 5.4 - Prob. 61ECh. 5.4 - Prob. 62ECh. 5.5 - In Exercises 1-8, write down (without solving) the...Ch. 5.5 - In Exercises 1-8, write down (without solving) the...Ch. 5.5 - In Exercises 1-8, write down (without solving) the...Ch. 5.5 - Prob. 4ECh. 5.5 - In Exercises 1-8, write down (without solving) the...Ch. 5.5 - Prob. 6ECh. 5.5 - In Exercises 1-8, write down (without solving) the...Ch. 5.5 - Prob. 8ECh. 5.5 - In Exercises 9-22, solve the given standard...Ch. 5.5 - In Exercises 9-22, solve the given standard...Ch. 5.5 - Prob. 11ECh. 5.5 - In Exercises 9-22, solve the given standard...Ch. 5.5 - Prob. 13ECh. 5.5 - In Exercises 9-22, solve the given standard...Ch. 5.5 - In Exercises 9-22, solve the given standard...Ch. 5.5 - Prob. 16ECh. 5.5 - Prob. 17ECh. 5.5 - Prob. 18ECh. 5.5 - Prob. 19ECh. 5.5 - In Exercises 9-22, solve the given standard...Ch. 5.5 - Prob. 21ECh. 5.5 - Prob. 22ECh. 5.5 - Prob. 23ECh. 5.5 - In Exercises 23-28, solve the game with the given...Ch. 5.5 - In Exercises 23-28, solve the game with the given...Ch. 5.5 - Prob. 26ECh. 5.5 - Many of Exercises 29-40 are similar or identical...Ch. 5.5 - Many of Exercises 29-40 are similar or identical...Ch. 5.5 - Prob. 31ECh. 5.5 - Many of Exercises 29-40 are similar or identical...Ch. 5.5 - Prob. 33ECh. 5.5 - Many of Exercises 29-40 are similar or identical...Ch. 5.5 - Many of Exercises 29-40 are similar or identical...Ch. 5.5 - Many of Exercises 29-40 are similar or identical...Ch. 5.5 - Many of Exercises 29-40 are similar or identical...Ch. 5.5 - Prob. 38ECh. 5.5 - Prob. 39ECh. 5.5 - Many of Exercises 29-40 are similar or identical...Ch. 5.5 - Prob. 41ECh. 5.5 - Game Theory: Marketing Your companys new portable...Ch. 5.5 - Game Theory: Morra Games A three-finger Morra game...Ch. 5.5 - Prob. 47ECh. 5.5 - Prob. 48ECh. 5.5 - Prob. 49ECh. 5.5 - Prob. 50ECh. 5.5 - Prob. 51ECh. 5.5 - Prob. 52ECh. 5.5 - Prob. 53ECh. 5.5 - Prob. 54ECh. 5.5 - Prob. 55ECh. 5 - In Exercises 1-4, sketch the region corresponding...Ch. 5 - Prob. 2RECh. 5 - Prob. 3RECh. 5 - Prob. 4RECh. 5 - In Exercises 5-8, solve the given linear...Ch. 5 - In Exercises 5-8, solve the given linear...Ch. 5 - Prob. 7RECh. 5 - Prob. 8RECh. 5 - Prob. 9RECh. 5 - Prob. 10RECh. 5 - Prob. 11RECh. 5 - Prob. 12RECh. 5 - In Exercises 9-18, solve the given linear...Ch. 5 - Prob. 14RECh. 5 - Prob. 15RECh. 5 - Prob. 16RECh. 5 - In Exercises 9-18, solve the given linear...Ch. 5 - Prob. 18RECh. 5 - Prob. 19RECh. 5 - Prob. 20RECh. 5 - Prob. 21RECh. 5 - Prob. 22RECh. 5 - Prob. 23RECh. 5 - Prob. 24RECh. 5 - Prob. 25RECh. 5 - Prob. 26RECh. 5 - Prob. 27RECh. 5 - Prob. 28RECh. 5 - Prob. 29RECh. 5 - Prob. 30RECh. 5 - In Exercises 31-34, you are the buyer for...Ch. 5 - In Exercises 31-34, you are the buyer for...Ch. 5 - In Exercises 31-34, you are the buyer for...Ch. 5 - Prob. 34RECh. 5 - Investments Marjory Duffins portfolio manager has...Ch. 5 - Prob. 36RECh. 5 - Prob. 37RECh. 5 - Profit Duffin House, which is now the largest...Ch. 5 - Prob. 39RECh. 5 - Purchases You are about to place book orders from...Ch. 5 - Degree Requirements During his lunch break, John...Ch. 5 - Prob. 42RECh. 5 - Shipping On the same day that the sales department...Ch. 5 - Prob. 44RECh. 5 - Prob. 45RECh. 5 - Prob. 46RE
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, subject and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- SOLVE STEP BY STEP WITHOUT CHATGPT, SOLVE BY HAND PLEASE Problem 6: WHERE - 23 3iz2 6. Z421 21 = 2e-i(2) 22 = 3+2i 23 = 5 cis 230° 24 = 8265°arrow_forwardAre the t-statistics here greater than 1.96? What do you conclude? colgPA= 1.39+0.412 hsGPA (.33) (0.094) Find the P valuearrow_forwardSOLVE STEP BY STEP WITHOUT CHATGPT, SOLVE BY HAND PLEASE Problem 5: WHERE 5. 2122* 5iz3-224 21 = 2e-i(2) 22=3+2i 23 = 5 cis 230° 24 = 8265°arrow_forward
- Not use ai pleasearrow_forwardCan we have an exponential equation using logarithm however i want to show that one mistake is involved in solving it. Showing the mistake and how to be fixed. Thanks.arrow_forwardGood Day, Kindly assist me with the following query. Any assistance would be appreciated.arrow_forward
- A poll before the elections showed that in a given sample 79% of people vote for candidate C. How many people should be interviewed so that the pollsters can be 99% sure that from 75% to 83% of the population will vote for candidate C? Round your answer to the whole number.arrow_forwardSuppose a random sample of 459 married couples found that 307 had two or more personality preferences in common. In another random sample of 471 married couples, it was found that only 31 had no preferences in common. Let p1 be the population proportion of all married couples who have two or more personality preferences in common. Let p2 be the population proportion of all married couples who have no personality preferences in common. Find a95% confidence interval for . Round your answer to three decimal places.arrow_forwardA history teacher interviewed a random sample of 80 students about their preferences in learning activities outside of school and whether they are considering watching a historical movie at the cinema. 69 answered that they would like to go to the cinema. Let p represent the proportion of students who want to watch a historical movie. Determine the maximal margin of error. Use α = 0.05. Round your answer to three decimal places. arrow_forward
- A random sample of medical files is used to estimate the proportion p of all people who have blood type B. If you have no preliminary estimate for p, how many medical files should you include in a random sample in order to be 99% sure that the point estimate will be within a distance of 0.07 from p? Round your answer to the next higher whole number.arrow_forwardA clinical study is designed to assess the average length of hospital stay of patients who underwent surgery. A preliminary study of a random sample of 70 surgery patients’ records showed that the standard deviation of the lengths of stay of all surgery patients is 7.5 days. How large should a sample to estimate the desired mean to within 1 day at 95% confidence? Round your answer to the whole number.arrow_forwardA clinical study is designed to assess the average length of hospital stay of patients who underwent surgery. A preliminary study of a random sample of 70 surgery patients’ records showed that the standard deviation of the lengths of stay of all surgery patients is 7.5 days. How large should a sample to estimate the desired mean to within 1 day at 95% confidence? Round your answer to the whole number.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Elementary Geometry for College StudentsGeometryISBN:9781285195698Author:Daniel C. Alexander, Geralyn M. KoeberleinPublisher:Cengage Learning
Elementary Geometry for College Students
Geometry
ISBN:9781285195698
Author:Daniel C. Alexander, Geralyn M. Koeberlein
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Solve ANY Optimization Problem in 5 Steps w/ Examples. What are they and How do you solve them?; Author: Ace Tutors;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BfOSKc_sncg;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY
Types of solution in LPP|Basic|Multiple solution|Unbounded|Infeasible|GTU|Special case of LP problem; Author: Mechanical Engineering Management;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F-D2WICq8Sk;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY
Optimization Problems in Calculus; Author: Professor Dave Explains;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q1U6AmIa_uQ;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY
Introduction to Optimization; Author: Math with Dr. Claire;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YLzgYm2tN8E;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY