BIOLOGY
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781264104680
Author: BROOKER
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 53, Problem 1TY
Summary Introduction
Introduction: Hemorrhage refers to the loss of blood from the circulatory system caused by the damage in the blood vessels. Various homeostasis mechanisms of the body help in the restoration of blood pressure following a hemorrhage.
Expert Solution & Answer
Answer to Problem 1TY
Correct answer: The respiratory system helps to increase the return of the blood from veins to the heart. Hence, the correct answer is option b.
Explanation of Solution
Reason for correct answer:
The respiratory system helps in increasing the alveolar volume. It results in the faster oxygenation of blood. The increase in the breathing rate also helps in the faster exchange of oxygen and increase the return of oxygenated blood by pulmonary vein to the heart by pulmonary vein. Hence, the respiratory system manages homeostasis by increasing the flow of oxygenated blood to the heart.
Option b is given as “by helping to increase the return of blood from veins to the heart”.
The respiratory system helps in maintaining blood pressure after a hemorrhage by increasing the amount of blood transfer through veins towards the heart. Hence, the correct answer is option b.
Reasons for the incorrect answer:
Option a. is given as, “by increasing the saturation of hemoglobin with oxygen”.
The oxygen saturation does not increase by the respiratory system, but it is dependent on the external factors like temperature or pressure change. Hence, option a. is incorrect.
Option c. is given as, “by increasing the heart rate”.
The increase in the heart rate is independent of the respiratory system. The heart rate depends upon various factors, like blood pressure, for increase or decrease of heart rate. Hence, option c. is incorrect.
Option d is given as, “by activating the baroreceptor reflex”.
The baroreceptor reflex is activated due to change in the blood pressure. This reflex is not affected by the respiratory system. Hence, option d. is incorrect.
Option e. is given as, “through the Bohr effect”.
Bohr Effect is the effect of the presence of carbon dioxide and hydrogen ion on the value of the oxygen dissociation curve. However, the respiratory system does not influence the oxygen dissociation curve. The oxygen dissociation curve depends upon the temperature, pressure, and other factors. Hence, option e. is incorrect.
Hence, the options a., c., d., and e. are incorrect.
Conclusion
The respiratory system helps to increase the amount of blood to the heart by increasing pulmonary respiration.
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19. On the diagram below
a. Label the three pictures as: DNA; polypeptide; or RNA.
b. Label the arrows as: translation or transcription/RNA processing.
c. Add the following details to the diagram.
Promoter region
TATA box
Transcription start site
Transcription terminator
Intron (A,B,C,D)
Exons (1,2,3,4,5)
Splice sites
5' cap
5' UTR (untranslated region)
3' poly A tail
3' UTR (untranslated region)
Translational start (AUG)
Translational stop (UGA, UAG, or UAA)
N and C ends of polypeptide
0000
Match the letter labels in the figure below to the terms. Some letter
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MNNNNNNIN
M
C
B
A
M
D
F
E
H
K
G
8
The diagram below illustrates a quorum sensing pathway from Staphylococcus aureus. Please answer the following questions.
1. Autoinduction is part of the quorum sensing system. Which promoter (P2 or P3) is critical for autoinduction?
2)This staphylococcus aureus grows on human wounds, causing severe infections. You would like to start a clinical trial to treat these wound infections. Please describe:
a) What molecule do you recommend for the trial. Why?
b) Your trial requires that Staphylococcus aureus be isolated from the wound and submitted to genome sequencing before admittance. Why? What are you testing for?
3) If a mutation arises where the Promoter P3 is constitutively active, how would that influence sensitivity to AIP? Please explain your rationale.
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Mutation 1
Mutation 2
Chapter 53 Solutions
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