(a)
Interpretation: The value of
Concept Introduction: The pH of buffer solutions can be calculated with the help of Henderson-Hasselbalch equation. The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation can be used that gives the relation between pH and
(b)
Interpretation: The reason of sodium bicarbonate to be a suitable base for separating phenol from a neutral organic compound needs to be explained.
Concept Introduction: The pH of buffer solutions can be calculated with the help of Henderson-Hasselbalch equation. The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation can be used that gives the relation between pH and
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EBK EXPERIMENTAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY: A M
- 3. What is observed when the H2O concentration in the acetic acid equilibrium becomes relatively low? Relatively high? 4. Humidity indicator cards (HIC) are commonly added to semiconductor shipments to document that the parts were not exposed to humidity. These cards are impregnated with cobalt(II) chloride, or an alternative, and change color to indicate the presence of water. Predict the color you would see if a cobalt(II) chloride HIC were exposed to moist, humid air?arrow_forwardAcid-Base Equilibria Many factors contribute to the acidity of organic compounds. Electronegativity, resonance, induction, hybridization, aromaticity, and atomic size, all play a role. In the following comparisons, you are asked to identify the factor(s) that would be most important to analyze when predicting relative acidity, and then to predict the trend in acidity and pKa values. For each of the following pairs of compounds answer the following two multiple-choice questions. 1. What factor(s) are the most important to consider when predicting the relative acidity of the two compounds? a. Electronegativity of the atom possessing the hydrogen. b. Resonance stabilization of the anionic conjugate base. c. Inductive stabilization of the anionic conjugate base. d. Hybridization of the atom possessing the hydrogen. e. The atomic size of the atom possessing the hydrogen.arrow_forwardWrite an equation for the acid-base reaction between 2,4-pentanedione and sodium ethoxide and calculate its equilibrium constant, Keq. The pKa of 2,4-pentanedione is 9; that of ethanol is 15.9.arrow_forward
- Low-molecular-weight dicarboxylic acids normally exhibit two different pKa values. Ionization of the first carboxyl group is easier than the second. This effect diminishes with molecular size, and for adipic acid and longer chain dicarboxylic acids, the two acid ionization constants differ by about one pK unit. Why do the two pKa values differ more for the shorter chain dicarboxylic acids than for the longer chain dicarboxylic acids?arrow_forwardConsider two acids: C,H5CO,H (benzoic acid, pK = 4.2) and HCO,H (formic acid, pK=3.8). Which acid is the stronger acid? Select the single best answer. formic acid benzoic acidarrow_forward15arrow_forward
- 8. What is the pH of a 0.050 M solution of formic acid? 9. Assume that you have two unlabeled bottles, one of which contains phenol (pKa = 9.9) and one of which contains acetic acid (pKa = 4.76). In light of your answer to Problem 8, suggest a simple way to determine what is in each bottle.arrow_forwardMany multi-step organic reaction mechanisms involve proton transfer steps. For example, the first step of Fischer esterification of carboxylic acids(as shown with acedic acid) is activation of the acid by protonation. Based on your understanding of which reaction pathway is more favorable, explain why using chemical structures.arrow_forwardWhich of the following functional groups will increase acidity? I. -NO2 II. -CH2CH3 III. -OCH3 IV. - Clarrow_forward
- 1. Write a balanced chemical equation to show the dissociation of Butanoic acid (C3H7COOH). Physical states must be included. 2. When butanoic acid (C3H7COOH) reacts with the strong base potassium hydroxide (KOH), potassium butanoate (C3H7COOK), a salt of the weak acid is formed. Write a balanced chemical equation to show the dissociation of the potassium butanoate (C3H7COOK). Physical states must be included.arrow_forward1. Calculate the equilibrium constant for the following chemical reaction: NaOH + H2SO4 NazSO4 H2O Reaction 1: NaQH Reaction 2: NaOH Reaction 3: NazSO4 Reaction 4: HSO4- H2SO4 H2O Na2SO4 H2SO4 H2O H30* H2O HSO4 H3O* NażSO4 + H2SO4 Reaction 1 K1 = 0.1 Reaction 2 K2 = 0.2 Reaction 3 K3 = 0.3 Reaction 4 K4 = 0.4 I I I Iarrow_forwardWhich of the following compounds is likely the least reactive in dilute aqueous NaOH? A. EtCOCl B. CH3CONEt2 C. CH3C(O)OC(O)CH3 D. CH3COOEtarrow_forward
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