Brock Biology of Microorganisms (14th Edition)
14th Edition
ISBN: 9780321897398
Author: Michael T. Madigan, John M. Martinko, Kelly S. Bender, Daniel H. Buckley, David A. Stahl, Thomas Brock
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 5.13, Problem 1MQ
Which phylogenetic domain includes species with optima of >100°C? What special techniques are required to culture them?
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Chapter 5 Solutions
Brock Biology of Microorganisms (14th Edition)
Ch. 5.1 - Summarize the steps that lead up to binary fission...Ch. 5.1 - Define the term generation. What is meant by the...Ch. 5.2 - Prob. 1MQCh. 5.2 - Prob. 2MQCh. 5.2 - Prob. 3MQCh. 5.3 - Prob. 1MQCh. 5.3 - Prob. 2MQCh. 5.3 - Prob. 3MQCh. 5.4 - What are autolysins and why are they necessary?
Ch. 5.4 - What is the function of bactoprenol?
Ch. 5.4 - What is transpeptidation and why is it important?
Ch. 5.5 - What is a semilogarithmic plot and what...Ch. 5.5 - Prob. 2MQCh. 5.5 - Prob. 3MQCh. 5.6 - In which phase of the growth curve do cells divide...Ch. 5.6 - Prob. 2MQCh. 5.6 - Prob. 3MQCh. 5.7 - How do microorganisms in a chemostat differ from...Ch. 5.7 - What happens in a chemostat if the dilution rate...Ch. 5.7 - Do pure cultures have to be used in a chemostat?Ch. 5.8 - What are some of the problems that can arise when...Ch. 5.8 - Using microscopic techniques, how could you tell...Ch. 5.9 - Why is a viable count more sensitive than a...Ch. 5.9 - Describe how you would dilute a bacterial culture...Ch. 5.9 - Prob. 3MQCh. 5.10 - List two advantages of using turbidity as a...Ch. 5.10 - Describe how you could use a turbidity measurement...Ch. 5.11 - How does a hyperthermophile differ from a...Ch. 5.11 - Prob. 2MQCh. 5.11 - E. coli can grow at a higher temperature in a...Ch. 5.12 - Prob. 1MQCh. 5.12 - What molecular adaptations to cold temperatures...Ch. 5.13 - Which phylogenetic domain includes species with...Ch. 5.13 - How does the membrane structure of...Ch. 5.13 - What is Taq polymerase and why is it important?Ch. 5.14 - How does the concentration of H+ change when a...Ch. 5.14 - What terms are used to describe organisms whose...Ch. 5.15 - What is the aw of pure water? What is the lower...Ch. 5.15 - What are compatible solutes, and when and why are...Ch. 5.16 - How does an obligate aerobe differ from a...Ch. 5.16 - How does a reducing agent work? Give an example of...Ch. 5.16 - How does Superoxide dismutase or superoxide...Ch. 5.17 - Why is heat an effective sterilizing agent?Ch. 5.17 - What steps are necessary to ensure the sterility...Ch. 5.17 - Distinguish between the sterilization of...Ch. 5.18 - Define D10 and explain why the killing dose for...Ch. 5.18 - Prob. 2MQCh. 5.18 - Prob. 3MQCh. 5.19 - Distinguish between the antimicrobial effects of...Ch. 5.19 - Describe how the minimum inhibitory concentration...Ch. 5.19 - Distinguish between a sterilant, a disinfectant,...Ch. 5 - Prob. 1RQCh. 5 - Describe the role of proteins present at the...Ch. 5 - Prob. 3RQCh. 5 - Describe how new peptidoglycan subunits are...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5RQCh. 5 - Describe the growth cycle of a population of...Ch. 5 - How does a chemostat regulate growth rate and cell...Ch. 5 - How does a viable count differ from a total count?Ch. 5 - How can turbidity be used as a measure of cell...Ch. 5 - Prob. 10RQCh. 5 - Prob. 11RQCh. 5 - Concerning the pH of the environment and of the...Ch. 5 - How does a halophile maintain positive water...Ch. 5 - Prob. 14RQCh. 5 - Prob. 15RQCh. 5 - Contrast the terms thermal death time and decimal...Ch. 5 - Prob. 17RQCh. 5 - Prob. 18RQCh. 5 - Prob. 19RQCh. 5 - Describe the procedure for obtaining the minimum...Ch. 5 - Prob. 21RQCh. 5 - A medium was inoculated with 5 106 cells/ml of...Ch. 5 - Escherichia coli but not Pyrolobus fumarii will...Ch. 5 - In which direction (into or out of the cell) will...
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- Design a grafting experiment to determine if limb mesoderm determines forelimb / hindlimb identity. Include the experiment, a control, and an interpretation in your answer.arrow_forwardThe Snapdragon is a popular garden flower that comes in a variety of colours, including red, yellow, and orange. The genotypes and associated phenotypes for some of these flowers are as follows: aabb: yellow AABB, AABb, AaBb, and AaBB: red AAbb and Aabb: orange aaBB: yellow aaBb: ? Based on this information, what would the phenotype of a Snapdragon with the genotype aaBb be and why? Question 21 options: orange because A is epistatic to B yellow because A is epistatic to B red because B is epistatic to A orange because B is epistatic to A red because A is epistatic to B yellow because B is epistatic to Aarrow_forwardA sample of blood was taken from the above individual and prepared for haemoglobin analysis. However, when water was added the cells did not lyse and looked normal in size and shape. The technician suspected that they had may have made an error in the protocol – what is the most likely explanation? The cell membranes are more resistant than normal. An isotonic solution had been added instead of water. A solution of 0.1 M NaCl had been added instead of water. Not enough water had been added to the red blood cell pellet. The man had sickle-cell anaemia.arrow_forward
- A sample of blood was taken from the above individual and prepared for haemoglobin analysis. However, when water was added the cells did not lyse and looked normal in size and shape. The technician suspected that they had may have made an error in the protocol – what is the most likely explanation? The cell membranes are more resistant than normal. An isotonic solution had been added instead of water. A solution of 0.1 M NaCl had been added instead of water. Not enough water had been added to the red blood cell pellet. The man had sickle-cell anaemia.arrow_forwardWith reference to their absorption spectra of the oxy haemoglobin intact line) and deoxyhemoglobin (broken line) shown in Figure 2 below, how would you best explain the reason why there are differences in the major peaks of the spectra? Figure 2. SPECTRA OF OXYGENATED AND DEOXYGENATED HAEMOGLOBIN OBTAINED WITH THE RECORDING SPECTROPHOTOMETER 1.4 Abs < 0.8 06 0.4 400 420 440 460 480 500 520 540 560 580 600 nm 1. The difference in the spectra is due to a pH change in the deoxy-haemoglobin due to uptake of CO2- 2. There is more oxygen-carrying plasma in the oxy-haemoglobin sample. 3. The change in Mr due to oxygen binding causes the oxy haemoglobin to have a higher absorbance peak. 4. Oxy-haemoglobin is contaminated by carbaminohemoglobin, and therefore has a higher absorbance peak 5. Oxy-haemoglobin absorbs more light of blue wavelengths and less of red wavelengths than deoxy-haemoglobinarrow_forwardWith reference to their absorption spectra of the oxy haemoglobin intact line) and deoxyhemoglobin (broken line) shown in Figure 2 below, how would you best explain the reason why there are differences in the major peaks of the spectra? Figure 2. SPECTRA OF OXYGENATED AND DEOXYGENATED HAEMOGLOBIN OBTAINED WITH THE RECORDING SPECTROPHOTOMETER 1.4 Abs < 0.8 06 0.4 400 420 440 460 480 500 520 540 560 580 600 nm 1. The difference in the spectra is due to a pH change in the deoxy-haemoglobin due to uptake of CO2- 2. There is more oxygen-carrying plasma in the oxy-haemoglobin sample. 3. The change in Mr due to oxygen binding causes the oxy haemoglobin to have a higher absorbance peak. 4. Oxy-haemoglobin is contaminated by carbaminohemoglobin, and therefore has a higher absorbance peak 5. Oxy-haemoglobin absorbs more light of blue wavelengths and less of red wavelengths than deoxy-haemoglobinarrow_forward
- Which ONE of the following is FALSE regarding haemoglobin? It has two alpha subunits and two beta subunits. The subunits are joined by disulphide bonds. Each subunit covalently binds a haem group. Conformational change in one subunit can be transmitted to another. There are many variant ("mutant") forms of haemoglobin that are not harmful.arrow_forwardWhich ONE of the following is FALSE regarding haemoglobin? It has two alpha subunits and two beta subunits. The subunits are joined by disulphide bonds. Each subunit covalently binds a haem group. Conformational change in one subunit can be transmitted to another. There are many variant ("mutant") forms of haemoglobin that are not harmful.arrow_forwardDuring a routine medical check up of a healthy man it was found that his haematocrit value was highly unusual – value of 60%. What one of the options below is the most likely reason? He will have a diet high in iron. He is likely to be suffering from anaemia. He lives at high altitude. He has recently recovered from an accident where he lost a lot of blood. He has a very large body size.arrow_forward
- Explain what age of culture is most likely to produce an endospore?arrow_forwardExplain why hot temperatures greater than 45 degrees celsius would not initiate the sporulation process in endospores?arrow_forwardEndospore stain: Consider tube 2 of the 7-day bacillus culture. After is was heated, it was incubated for 24 hours then refrigerated. Do you think the cloudiness in this tube is due mostly to vegetative cells or to endospores? Explain your reasoningarrow_forward
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