Brock Biology of Microorganisms (14th Edition)
14th Edition
ISBN: 9780321897398
Author: Michael T. Madigan, John M. Martinko, Kelly S. Bender, Daniel H. Buckley, David A. Stahl, Thomas Brock
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 5.9, Problem 2MQ
Describe how you would dilute a bacterial culture by 10–7.
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What would the final concentration of a bacteria culture be if 2.7 x 106 cells/ml were diluted 8.2 x 10-2?
What would the initial concentration of a bacteria culture be if the final concentration was 3.7 x 102 cells/ml and the total dilution was 4.6 x 10-4?
Given a log phase bacterial culture with 1 x 10^6 cells per ml and a generation time of 30 minutes how long does it take the culture to reach a density of 6.4 x 10^7 cells per ml?
How would you prepare a 10-7dilution from a culture? Each of your dilution tubes cannot hold more than 1mL.
Chapter 5 Solutions
Brock Biology of Microorganisms (14th Edition)
Ch. 5.1 - Summarize the steps that lead up to binary fission...Ch. 5.1 - Define the term generation. What is meant by the...Ch. 5.2 - Prob. 1MQCh. 5.2 - Prob. 2MQCh. 5.2 - Prob. 3MQCh. 5.3 - Prob. 1MQCh. 5.3 - Prob. 2MQCh. 5.3 - Prob. 3MQCh. 5.4 - What are autolysins and why are they necessary?
Ch. 5.4 - What is the function of bactoprenol?
Ch. 5.4 - What is transpeptidation and why is it important?
Ch. 5.5 - What is a semilogarithmic plot and what...Ch. 5.5 - Prob. 2MQCh. 5.5 - Prob. 3MQCh. 5.6 - In which phase of the growth curve do cells divide...Ch. 5.6 - Prob. 2MQCh. 5.6 - Prob. 3MQCh. 5.7 - How do microorganisms in a chemostat differ from...Ch. 5.7 - What happens in a chemostat if the dilution rate...Ch. 5.7 - Do pure cultures have to be used in a chemostat?Ch. 5.8 - What are some of the problems that can arise when...Ch. 5.8 - Using microscopic techniques, how could you tell...Ch. 5.9 - Why is a viable count more sensitive than a...Ch. 5.9 - Describe how you would dilute a bacterial culture...Ch. 5.9 - Prob. 3MQCh. 5.10 - List two advantages of using turbidity as a...Ch. 5.10 - Describe how you could use a turbidity measurement...Ch. 5.11 - How does a hyperthermophile differ from a...Ch. 5.11 - Prob. 2MQCh. 5.11 - E. coli can grow at a higher temperature in a...Ch. 5.12 - Prob. 1MQCh. 5.12 - What molecular adaptations to cold temperatures...Ch. 5.13 - Which phylogenetic domain includes species with...Ch. 5.13 - How does the membrane structure of...Ch. 5.13 - What is Taq polymerase and why is it important?Ch. 5.14 - How does the concentration of H+ change when a...Ch. 5.14 - What terms are used to describe organisms whose...Ch. 5.15 - What is the aw of pure water? What is the lower...Ch. 5.15 - What are compatible solutes, and when and why are...Ch. 5.16 - How does an obligate aerobe differ from a...Ch. 5.16 - How does a reducing agent work? Give an example of...Ch. 5.16 - How does Superoxide dismutase or superoxide...Ch. 5.17 - Why is heat an effective sterilizing agent?Ch. 5.17 - What steps are necessary to ensure the sterility...Ch. 5.17 - Distinguish between the sterilization of...Ch. 5.18 - Define D10 and explain why the killing dose for...Ch. 5.18 - Prob. 2MQCh. 5.18 - Prob. 3MQCh. 5.19 - Distinguish between the antimicrobial effects of...Ch. 5.19 - Describe how the minimum inhibitory concentration...Ch. 5.19 - Distinguish between a sterilant, a disinfectant,...Ch. 5 - Prob. 1RQCh. 5 - Describe the role of proteins present at the...Ch. 5 - Prob. 3RQCh. 5 - Describe how new peptidoglycan subunits are...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5RQCh. 5 - Describe the growth cycle of a population of...Ch. 5 - How does a chemostat regulate growth rate and cell...Ch. 5 - How does a viable count differ from a total count?Ch. 5 - How can turbidity be used as a measure of cell...Ch. 5 - Prob. 10RQCh. 5 - Prob. 11RQCh. 5 - Concerning the pH of the environment and of the...Ch. 5 - How does a halophile maintain positive water...Ch. 5 - Prob. 14RQCh. 5 - Prob. 15RQCh. 5 - Contrast the terms thermal death time and decimal...Ch. 5 - Prob. 17RQCh. 5 - Prob. 18RQCh. 5 - Prob. 19RQCh. 5 - Describe the procedure for obtaining the minimum...Ch. 5 - Prob. 21RQCh. 5 - A medium was inoculated with 5 106 cells/ml of...Ch. 5 - Escherichia coli but not Pyrolobus fumarii will...Ch. 5 - In which direction (into or out of the cell) will...
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- Assume an inoculum with a cell density of 108 cells per mL. The entire generation time takes 30 minutes. How many hours would it take to grow a culture to 108/mL if you started with a 10–2 dilution? helpful formula: g (generation time) = 0.301 (time)/ log x – log xoarrow_forwardStarting with 10 bacterial cells per milliliter in a sufficient amount of complete culture medium with a 1-hour lag phase and a 30-minute generation time, how many cells will there be in a liter of medium at the end of 2 hours? At the end of 7 hours? Show your solution.arrow_forwarda) What dilution is created when you dilute 1mL of bacteria into 99mL of water? 10- What is the dilution factor? 99 b) What dilution would you create if you added 1mL of a 10-2 suspension to a 99mL What is the dilution factor? water blank?arrow_forward
- You have 2 mL of bacterial culture. How would you make a 10^-2 dilution using the entire culture volumearrow_forwardWhy should agar media be completely dissolved before they are dispensed in tubes and plates? What are the bases for pegging the temperature at 1210C for 15-30 minutes during moist heat sterilization and 1800C for two (2) hours using dry heat sterilization? Can you sterilize culture media using dry heat sterilization? Why is that so? You will notice in the videos shown, the cotton plug is not used. What is role of cotton plug in media prep, sterilization and culture of microorganisms? Instead of using cotton plug, plastic screw-cap is used, can you substitute this for the former? Is it technically acceptable in microbiology?arrow_forwardHow long does it take for a bacterial culture with a generation time of 12 minutes to increase from 400 cells up to 1600 cells/mL?arrow_forward
- You were asked to prepare a dilution series of a bacterial culture where only 3 tubes will be used (all with 5 mL total solution). Draw a schematic diagram to make tube 1 have a 10-2 dilution, tube 2 have 10-3 dilution, and tube 3 to have 10-5 dilution You were instructed to dilute an antibiotic solution 1/10, redilute 1/25, and again 1/50, then you need to make 100mL of each dilution. How would you go about preparing this dilution series? (Present your answer in a schematic diagram)arrow_forwardTo dilute a bacterial culture, 500 μl of a 16 hour culture is mixed with fresh culture media to a final volume of 5 ml. How did you calculate it?. Single line text.arrow_forwardA bacterial culture has a concentration of 3.2 x 108 cells /mL. You dilute this culture as follows: 1/50, then 10-3 and finally 1/20. If you then plate 0.2 mL of the final dilution, how many CFU would you expect following incubation?arrow_forward
- Inoculate one colony from LB plate into 5 mL LB liquid medium. Shake at 37 °C overnight. Why inoculate from just a single colony?arrow_forwardA culture is incubated for 10 hours. 1 hours after inoculation it reached the exponential growth phase. At this time point the cell density was 1x10^4 cells/ml. 5 hours after inoculation (still during the exponential growth phase) the cell density was 1x10^7 cells. Calculate K and g(t). The growth constant (k) is minute. (round to 3 decimal points) The generation time (gt) is minutes. (round to whole number)arrow_forwardYou aseptically transfer 1ml of your original liquid culture into 999 ml of sterile water. What is the dilution factor?arrow_forward
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