BROOKER BIOLOGY
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781307656152
Author: BROOKER
Publisher: MCG/CREATE
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Chapter 50.4, Problem 2CC
Summary Introduction
To explain: The reasons that there is more than one hormone that play a significant role in regulating the balance of Na+ and K+.
Introduction: Na+ and K+ guide the formation of membrane potential and generate an equivalent action potential. The concentration of Na+ and K+ are tightly regulated in the body fluids of animals. Usually, more than one hormone helps in regulating the balance of Na+ and K+.
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The kidneys are important regulators of blood volume (and thus MAP) and the ionic composition and pH of plasma . The amount of water reabsorbed or lost is hormonally regulated. Both the amount of blood that is filtered (glomerular filtration rate) and the amount of water that is reabsorbed is determined by hormones binding with receptors. In order to understand why the level of any given hormone is elevated or low in the blood, it is necessary to think in terms of homeostasis loops for each hormone, and what the initial disturbance to homeostasis was. In other words “who started it”!
What STEROID hormone is elevated by increased activation of the RAS pathway?
The kidneys are important regulators of blood volume (and thus MAP) and the ionic composition and pH of plasma . The amount of water reabsorbed or lost is hormonally regulated. Both the amount of blood that is filtered (glomerular filtration rate) and the amount of water that is reabsorbed is determined by hormones binding with receptors. In order to understand why the level of any given hormone is elevated or low in the blood, it is necessary to think in terms of homeostasis loops for each hormone, and what the initial disturbance to homeostasis was. In other words “who started it”!
What NON STEROID hormone is produced at the end (but as part of) of the RAS pathway?
Vasopressin or antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is a peptide hormone synthesized in the
a)
hypothalamus. This hormone, when present, induces expression of water transport proteins
(aquaporins) in the late distal tubule and collecting duct of the kidney to increase water
reabsorption. Binding to the receptor triggers an intracellular cyclic adenosine
monophosphate (CAMP) pathway.
Arrange the following steps of hormone signalling in the proper order by putting 1, 2, 3, etc
in the space provided,
CAMP activates CAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA).
Recruitment of inactive G-protein made of heterotrimeric subunits which has
GDP bound to a-subunit.
Conformation change in GPCR.
Adenylyl cyclase converts ATP into CAMP.
PKA phosphorylates proteins in the cell.
A cellular response is seen in the cell.
a-subunit with GTP bound activates adenylyl cyclase.
Activation of G-protein, thus GDP released an GTP binds to a-subunit.
a-subunit of G-protein dissociates from By-dimer.
Hormone binding to its…
Chapter 50 Solutions
BROOKER BIOLOGY
Ch. 50.2 - Prob. 1CSCh. 50.3 - Prob. 1CSCh. 50.3 - Prob. 1EQCh. 50.3 - Prob. 2EQCh. 50.3 - Prob. 3EQCh. 50.4 - Prob. 1CCCh. 50.4 - Prob. 1CSCh. 50.4 - Prob. 2CCCh. 50.5 - Prob. 1CCCh. 50.5 - Prob. 2CC
Ch. 50 - Which is the defining feature of hormones? a. They...Ch. 50 - Steroid hormones are synthesized from ______blank...Ch. 50 - Prob. 3TYCh. 50 - Prob. 4TYCh. 50 - Prob. 5TYCh. 50 - Prob. 6TYCh. 50 - Which of the following pairs of hormones are...Ch. 50 - In invertebrates, molting of larvae is stimulated...Ch. 50 - Which of the following is true of the adrenal...Ch. 50 - Prob. 10TYCh. 50 - Prob. 1CQCh. 50 - Distinguish between type 1 and type 2 diabetes...Ch. 50 - Core Concept: Systems Organ systems often exert...Ch. 50 - Discuss the roles of hormones in growth and...Ch. 50 - Prob. 2COQ
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- Describe the mechanisms by which, Na+, K+, and Ca2+ are regulated in the extracellular fluidarrow_forwardDiscuss endocrine system intercellular communication in animalsarrow_forwardSuppose that the circulating concentration of hor-mone is 10–10 M and the Kd for binding to its receptor is 10–8M. What fraction of the receptors will have hormone bound?If a meaningful physiological response occurs when 50% ofthe receptors have bound a hormone molecule, how muchwill the concentration of hormone have to rise to elicit aresponse? The fraction of receptors (R) bound to hormone(H) to form a receptor–hormone complex (R–H) is [R–H]/([R] + [R–H]) = [R–H]/[R]TOT = [H]/([H] + Kd).arrow_forward
- Testosterone and estradiol are male and female sex hormones, respectively, in many vertebrates. In what way(s) do these molecules differ from each other? Testosterone and estradiolarrow_forwardInsulin and aldosterone play an essential role in the regulation of potassium distribution between the intracellular and extracellular fluid compartments. Discuss the effect of a deficiency in these two hormones on internal potassium distributionarrow_forwardA certain peptide hormone is produced in the anterior pituitary gland located at the base of the mammalian brain. The hormone targets specific cells in many parts of the body. Which of the following best explains a possible mechanism that would allow the hormone to reach all of the target cells in the body? A B с D The hormone diffuses into target cells adjacent to the anterior pituitary gland and dif- fuses through their cell membrane. The hormone moves through plasmodesmata between cells until it has reached all cells with the correct intracellular binding sites. The hormone interacts with neurons at the base of the brain and directs signals to the target cells through the neuronal network. The hormone is released into the bloodstream, where it is transported to all cells with the correct receptors.arrow_forward
- Many functions in the body are controlled by hormones – chemical signals that are secreted by one organ or tissue, but have effects in multiple areas. Calcium can enter the body from what we eat and drink. It circulates through blood and is used by many organs, so it’s level is carefully regulated. The amount of calcium in the blood is maintained at a relatively constant level by two hormones; for our purposes, we’ll just call them hormone A and hormone B. Hormone A is secreted by the parathyroid gland and it functions to increase blood calcium levels. Hormone B is secreted by parafollicular cells (C cells) in the thyroid gland and it functions to decrease blood calcium levels. Calvin, a teenage boy, begins eating ChocoRite™ Calcium Bites, a very tasty calcium supplement. He likes them so much that he ends up eating a whole package one afternoon. 1.Where does hormone B come from? A)From the calcium regulatory cells B)From the parathyroid gland C)From calcium supplements,…arrow_forwardThe receptor for aldosterone appears to have evolved much earlier than aldosterone itself. Propose a hypothesis to explain how that might have occurredarrow_forwardDiscuss hormone cascade pathway in animalsarrow_forward
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