Biology
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781259188121
Author: Peter Stiling, Robert Brooker, Linda Graham, Eric Widmaier
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Textbook Question
Chapter 50, Problem 3CQ
Core Concept: Systems Organ systems often exert dual control over variables such as blood pressure, respiration, and growth. How do the opposing actions of insulin and glucagon maintain glucose homeostasis? When are these hormones released into the blood? What might happen to a nonfasting mammal that was injected with a high dose of glucagon?
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Exercise places demands on the body. Cells require extra energy and water is lost through sweating. The breathing rate and heart rate increases during exercise to deliver more glucose and oxygen to cells which are converted to ATP through cellular respiration. Identify three hormones that are involved in re-establishing homeostasis after an intense workout and explain why they are involved.
Chronic stress or GC exposure can cause insulin resistance. The influence of GC on insulin is complex, but leads to hyperinsulinemia (high circulating insulin levels) and insulin resistance. Insulin resistance is typically caused by a decreased number of insulin receptors on the cell surface. Speculate on a mechanism resulting in a decreased number of insulin receptors.
The effector is the organ that response to the release of hormones in the body. Based on diagram what organ would be the effector?
Chapter 50 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 50.2 - Prob. 1BCCh. 50.3 - Prob. 1BCCh. 50.3 - Prob. 1EQCh. 50.3 - Prob. 2EQCh. 50.3 - Prob. 3EQCh. 50.4 - Prob. 1CCCh. 50.4 - Prob. 2CCCh. 50.5 - Prob. 1CCCh. 50.5 - Prob. 2CCCh. 50 - Which is the defining feature of hormones? a. They...
Ch. 50 - Steroid hormones are synthesized from ______blank...Ch. 50 - Prob. 3TYCh. 50 - Prob. 4TYCh. 50 - Prob. 5TYCh. 50 - Prob. 6TYCh. 50 - Which of the following pairs of hormones are...Ch. 50 - In invertebrates, molting of larvae is stimulated...Ch. 50 - Which of the following is true of the adrenal...Ch. 50 - Prob. 10TYCh. 50 - Prob. 1CQCh. 50 - Distinguish between type 1 and type 2 diabetes...Ch. 50 - Core Concept: Systems Organ systems often exert...Ch. 50 - Discuss the roles of hormones in growth and...Ch. 50 - Prob. 2COQ
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- Why is it that hormones act only on their target organs? Name hormones that have most body organs as their target organs. Hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism may lead to marked increase/ decrease, respectively, in body weight. Why is that so? Discuss the similarities and differences between thyroid hormone and steroid hormones. Illustrate the secretion of insulin hormonearrow_forwardWhat condition is shown in the diagram? Explain how the body regulate this process.arrow_forward(human physiology) 1) Match the insulin types (1-3) with the plots (A-C)? Explain? 2) Oral administration (e.g. in the form of pills) of insulin and subcutaneous administration, which is more effective? Why? 3) Why are elderly, sedentary, obese and regular smokers at high risk of diabetes?arrow_forward
- Describe how blood sugar (e.g. glucose plasma concentration) is regulated with the hormones, insulin, and glucagon. For this feedback loop, identify the following components of the feedback loop: stimulus, receptor, control center, efferent pathway, effector, and response. Be comfortable with this feedback loop to be able to describe the effects of changing various components of the feedback loop.arrow_forwardMatch these examples to the correct type of signaling Estradiol released into the blood stream, acts on the pituitary cells Oxytocin produced in hypothalamic neurons, released from axons into the blood stream in the posterior hypothalamus Epithelial cells in arterioles release nitric oxide that causes relaxation of the adjacent smooth muscle cells Insulin released from the pancreas into the blood, acting on liver cells to simulate glucose uptake Release of cytokines by a macrophage, with cytokines acting on that macrophage to stimulate its immune function A. Neuroendocrine signaling B. Autocrine C. Paracrine signaling D. Endocrine signalingarrow_forwardCompare and contrast formulation of long acting insulin and short acting insulin. How do their properties help control the rate at which the Delivered insulin enters bloodstream?arrow_forward
- Identify the major components of a negative feedback loop and explain what would happen if secretion of insulin controlled by a negative feedback system became too great.arrow_forwardA number of hormones in the body are responsible for controlling blood glucose levels. Some examples include insulin, glucagon, adrenaline, and cortisol.Select the FOUR numbers below that correctly show the pathway for insulin. Insulin is secreted when blood sugar levels are high. Insulin is secreted when blood sugar levels are low. Insulin is released from the beta cells of the pancreas. Insulin is released from the alpha cells of the pancreas. Insulin makes cells more permeable to glucose. Insulin makes cells less permeable to glucose. Glycogen is taken up and converted to glucose. Glucose is taken up and converted to glycogen.arrow_forwardWhich of the choices listed below is the correct order of events for the action of lipid-soluble hormones? O Hormone diffuses across cell membrane, hormone binds to receptors, translation of new protein, transcription of mRNA, cell's activity is altered. O Hormone binds to DNA, hormone binds to receptors, cell activity is altered, transcription, and translation. O Hormone diffuses across cell membrane, binds to receptors, receptors bind to DNA, transcription of mRNA, translation of new protein, cell's activity is altered. O Hormone binds to receptor, translation of protein, gene expression is turned on, cell's activity is altered. Save for Later Attempts: 0 of 3 used FB Submit Answerarrow_forward
- Match the molecule involved in insulin signaling with what it does insulin receptor [Choose ] [Choose] physically pushes glucose out of the cell physically brings glucose into the cell binds to insulin and sends signal to cell a protein hormone that signals cells to import glucose signals cells to export glucose a carbohydrate taken into cells as an energy source glucose insulin glucose transporter [ Choose ] 近arrow_forwardThe image below shows how the human body and the endocrine system controls the level of blood sugar. b) Using the diagram above, describe the differences between positive and negative feedback.arrow_forwardFunctions of Various Hormones 1. Increases water reabsorption in the kidney tubules 2. Promotes the reabsorption of sodium by the kidneys to increase water reabsorption 3. Regulates secretion of hormones by anterior pituitary gland 4. Stimulates mitosis and promotes bone and muscle growth 5. Raises blood glucose level in response to long-term stress 6. Triggers fight-or-flight response for short-term stress Match four of the functions numbered above with the rmones given below. Function: Antidiuretic Hormone: Cortisol Aldosterone Epinephrine hormonearrow_forward
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