Campbell Biology: Concepts & Connections, Books a la Carte Plus Mastering Biology with eText -- Access Card Package (8th Edition)
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780133909029
Author: Jane B. Reece, Martha R. Taylor, Eric J. Simon, Jean L. Dickey, Kelly A. Hogan
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 5, Problem 9TYK
Why is the barrier of the activation energy beneficial for cells? Explain how enzymes lower activation energy.
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Chapter 5 Solutions
Campbell Biology: Concepts & Connections, Books a la Carte Plus Mastering Biology with eText -- Access Card Package (8th Edition)
Ch. 5 - Fill in the following concept map to review the...Ch. 5 - Label the parts of the following diagram...Ch. 5 - Which best describes the structure of a cell...Ch. 5 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 5 - The sodium concentration in a cell is 10 times...Ch. 5 - The synthesis of ATP from ADP and a. stores energy...Ch. 5 - Facilitated diffusion across a membrane requires...Ch. 5 - What are the main types of cellular work? How does...Ch. 5 - Why is the barrier of the activation energy...Ch. 5 - Relate the laws of thermodynamics to living...
Ch. 5 - How do the components and structure of cell...Ch. 5 - Sometimes inhibitors can be harmful to a cell;...Ch. 5 - Cells lining kidney tubules function in the...Ch. 5 - SCIENTIFIC THINKING Mercury is known to inhibit...Ch. 5 - A biologist performed two series of experiments on...Ch. 5 - Organophosphates (organic compounds containing...
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- Protein phosphorylation and dephosphorylation are important regulatory mechanisms. Protein kinases attach phosphoryl groups to target proteins, while only a phosphatase removes the phosphoryl group. What does this method of covalent control cost in terms of energy?arrow_forwardB) Read the situations below and indicate which of the four methods of enzyme regulation is occurring for each. a) The energy-carrying molecule ATP is made by the enzyme ATP synthase. Muscle cells use a lot of energy and also have higher amounts of the ATP synthase enzyme than many ouier cem types. General mechanism of enzyme regulation: /1 b) Prostaglandins are messenger molecules involved in the inflammatory response, as well as th perception of pain. They are synthesized from polyunsaturated fatty acid substrates by an enzyn called cyclo-oxygenase. "Ibuprofen" is the active ingredient in a variety of anti-inflammatory medications such as Motrin® and Advil®. It reduces pain and swelling by binding to a hydrophobic channel in the active site of cyclo-oxygenase, blocking the polyunsaturated fatty acids from binding to the enzyme, and therefore stopping production of prostaglandins. General mechanism of enzyme regulation: a) In point form, describe the steps by which ATP is produced…arrow_forwardThere are microorganisms that live in extreme environments like volcanic vents which temperature reaches to 80 degrees celsius. Considering enzymes experience denaturation at higher temperatures, how do the enzymes of these microorganisms remain active at such extreme condition?arrow_forward
- PTGS1 and PTGS2 are isozymes. Isozymes catalyze the same reaction, but are separate genes. What types of reactions to PTGS enzymes catalyze? Also, what pathway are these enzymes a part of?arrow_forwardA potent inhibitor effectively inhibits an enzyme catalyzed reaction. What kind of a Ki value you would expect for a potent inhibitor?arrow_forwardWhat is the advantage of using ATP as a common energy source?Another way of asking this question is, “Why does ATP provide anadvantage over using a bunch of different food molecules?” For example,instead of just having a Na+/K+-ATPase in a cell, why not have manydifferent ion pumps, each driven by a different food molecule, like aNa+/K+-glucosase (a pump that uses glucose), a Na+/K+-sucrase (a pumpthat uses sucrose), a Na+/K+-fatty acidase (a pump that uses fatty acids),and so on?arrow_forward
- At the left is an energy diagram that shows the energy changes for the example of glucose (C6H1206) being converted to CO2 + H2O. One curve is the reaction with enzymes, while the other is without enzymes. For these reactions, the "X" indicates: Glucose + 60g a) b) free energy of glucose free energy of activation without enzymes free energy of CO2 + H2O free energy released free energy of activation with d) e) Progrem af reaction enzymes Frec energy, Garrow_forwardb) Enzymes accelerate reactions by facilitating the formation of the transition state. Define transition state and activation energy. For full credit, you need to present the actual graph (for an endergonic or exergonic reaction - make sure to specify your choice) highlighting each term? c) Explain how an irreversible inhibitor for an enzymatic reaction differs from reversible inhibitors. Provide specific example of an irreversible inhibitor and its target enzyme d) Determine the Vo as a function of Vmax when the substrate concentration is equal to 10 KM or 20 KM. What does this tell you about an enzyme ability to reach Vmax?arrow_forwardIn the scheme below which represents the mechanism of action for a large number of enzymes: A+B⟺AB⟶C The steady state approximation is reached when: d[AB]/dt≈0 k2≫k1 k−1≫k1 k−1=k1arrow_forward
- Suppose that hypothetical enzyme A can bind to molecules X, Y, and Z. Molecule X is the substrate of hypothetical enzyme A. Molecules X and Y can also bind with hypothetical enzyme A, but at different sites from the binding site of molecule X. Question During the binding of molecule Y, the affinity of the hypothetical enzyme A with molecule X increased and the Vmax also increased. Discuss what could be the action of molecule Y that made this happen. During the binding of molecule Z, the affinity of the hypothetical enzyme A with molecule X decreased and the Vmax also decreased. Discuss what could be the action of molecule Z that made this happen.arrow_forwardIdentify the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, explain what is wrong with that statement a) Transition state analogs bind very tightly with the enzyme active site as they form covalent bonds with the active site b) Receptor desensitization happens upon prolonged exposure of receptors to both agonists and antagonists c) Dactinomycin and Doxorubicin are examples of drugs that bind with the major groove of DNA d) Mitomycin C forms interstrand crosslinking while cisplatin forms intrastrand crosslinking of DNAarrow_forward1. Shown below is a metabolic pathway: Es E E4 E1 E2 A - B - C - D E3 E6 Q- R – S E7 Es Suppose we have too much of "S" in the cell, please answer the following questions, with regards to feedback inhibition: a) Which enzyme is most likely to be regulated? b) Which substance will act as the 'regulator'? c) Name the "site" where this 'regulator' will bind to the enzyme: d) Is this substance (from #b), a homotropic or heterotropic modulator?arrow_forward
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