Chapter 5, Problem 86E

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The electron configuration of $\text{W}$ using the core notation is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Electronic configuration represents the arrangement of electrons in an atom. The sublevels are filled according to their increasing energy. The electrons are firstly filled into the sublevel having lowest energy. The sublevel closest to the nucleus has the lowest energy. The trend of filling of electrons according to the energy of sublevels is given below.

$1s<2s<2p<3s<3p<4s<3d<4p<5s<4d<5p<6s$

The electronic configuration up to the electronic configuration of the last noble gas is represented with the symbol of noble gas in square brackets. This notation is known as core notation.

Answer to Problem 86E

The electron configuration of $\text{W}$ using the core notation is $\left[\text{Xe}\right]6s^{2}4f^{14}5d^4$.

Explanation of Solution

The atomic number of tungsten $\left(\text{W}\right)$ is $74$. According to the increasing energy the predicted electronic configuration of tungsten is $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}4s^{2}3d^{10}4p^{6}5s^{2}4d^{10}5p^{6}6s^{2}4f^{14}5d^4$. In this configuration, $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}4s^{2}3d^{10}4p^{6}5s^{2}4d^{10}5p^6$ represents the electron configuration of xenon $\left(\text{Xe}\right)$. Therefore, the core notation for $\text{W}$ can be written as $\left[\text{Xe}\right]6s^{2}4f^{14}5d^4$.

Conclusion

The electron configuration of $\text{W}$ using the core notation is $\left[\text{Xe}\right]6s^{2}4f^{14}5d^4$.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The electron configuration of $\text{Bi}$ using the core notation is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Electronic configuration represents the arrangement of electrons in an atom. The sublevels are filled according to their increasing energy. The electrons are firstly filled into the sublevel having lowest energy. The sublevel closest to the nucleus has the lowest energy. The trend of filling of electrons according to the energy of sublevels is given below.

$1s<2s<2p<3s<3p<4s<3d<4p<5s<4d<5p<6s$

The electronic configuration up to the electronic configuration of the last noble gas is represented with the symbol of noble gas in square brackets. This notation is known as core notation.

Answer to Problem 86E

The electron configuration of $\text{Bi}$ using the core notation is $\left[\text{Xe}\right]6s^{2}4f^{14}5d^{10}6p^3$.

Explanation of Solution

The atomic number of bismuth $\left(\text{Bi}\right)$ is $83$. According to the increasing energy the predicted electronic configuration of bismuth is $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}4s^{2}3d^{10}4p^{6}5s^{2}4d^{10}5p^{6}6s^{2}4f^{14}5d^{10}6p^3$. In this configuration, $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}4s^{2}3d^{10}4p^{6}5s^{2}4d^{10}5p^6$ represents the electron configuration of xenon $\left(\text{Xe}\right)$. Therefore, the core notation for $\text{Bi}$ can be written as $\left[\text{Xe}\right]6s^{2}4f^{14}5d^{10}6p^3$.

Conclusion

The electron configuration of $\text{Bi}$ using the core notation is $\left[\text{Xe}\right]6s^{2}4f^{14}5d^{10}6p^3$.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The electron configuration of $\text{Ra}$ using the core notation is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Electronic configuration represents the arrangement of electrons in an atom. The sublevels are filled according to their increasing energy. The electrons are firstly filled into the sublevel having lowest energy. The sublevel closest to the nucleus has the lowest energy. The trend of filling of electrons according to the energy of sublevels is given below.

$1s<2s<2p<3s<3p<4s<3d<4p<5s<4d<5p<6s$

The electronic configuration up to the electronic configuration of the last noble gas is represented with the symbol of noble gas in square brackets. This notation is known as core notation.

Answer to Problem 86E

The electron configuration of $\text{Ra}$ using the core notation is $\left[\text{Rn}\right]7s^2$.

Explanation of Solution

The atomic number of radium $\left(\text{Ra}\right)$ is $88$. According to the increasing energy the predicted electronic configuration of radium is $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}4s^{2}3d^{10}4p^{6}5s^{2}4d^{10}5p^{6}6s^{2}4f^{14}5d^{10}6p^{6}7s^2$. In this configuration, $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}4s^{2}3d^{10}4p^{6}5s^{2}4d^{10}5p^{6}6s^{2}4f^{14}5d^{10}6p^6$ represents the electron configuration of radon $\left(\text{Rn}\right)$. Therefore, the core notation for $\text{Ra}$ can be written as $\left[\text{Rn}\right]7s^2$.

Conclusion

The electron configuration of $\text{Ra}$ using the core notation is $\left[\text{Rn}\right]7s^2$.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The electron configuration of $\text{Ac}$ using the core notation is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Electronic configuration represents the arrangement of electrons in an atom. The sublevels are filled according to their increasing energy. The electrons are firstly filled into the sublevel having lowest energy. The sublevel closest to the nucleus has the lowest energy. The trend of filling of electrons according to the energy of sublevels is given below.

$1s<2s<2p<3s<3p<4s<3d<4p<5s<4d<5p<6s$

The electronic configuration up to the electronic configuration of the last noble gas is represented with the symbol of noble gas in square brackets. This notation is known as core notation.

Answer to Problem 86E

The electron configuration of $\text{Ac}$ using the core notation is $\left[\text{Rn}\right]7s^{2}6d^1$.

Explanation of Solution

The atomic number of actinium $\left(\text{Ac}\right)$ is $89$. According to the increasing energy the predicted electronic configuration of actinium is $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}4s^{2}3d^{10}4p^{6}5s^{2}4d^{10}5p^{6}6s^{2}4f^{14}5d^{10}6p^{6}7s^{2}6d^1$. In this configuration, $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}4s^{2}3d^{10}4p^{6}5s^{2}4d^{10}5p^{6}6s^{2}4f^{14}5d^{10}6p^6$ represents the electron configuration of radon $\left(\text{Rn}\right)$. Therefore, the core notation for $\text{Ac}$ can be written as $\left[\text{Rn}\right]7s^{2}6d^1$.

Conclusion

The electron configuration of $\text{Ac}$ using the core notation is $\left[\text{Rn}\right]7s^{2}6d^1$.