Chapter 5, Problem 78A

a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The atom that has the ground state electron configuration is to be identified.

Concept Introduction: The energies or energy levels that an electron can have is determined by the Schrodinger equation's solution. The atomic orbital, which is derived from the Schrodinger equation for each energy level, expresses the probability that an electron will be found at a particular place around the nucleus.

Answer to Problem 78A

The first hydrogen atom has the ground state electron configuration.

Explanation of Solution

Each energy sublevel has an associated orbital or orbitals with a variety of forms. In which an electron is most likely to be found is described by its orbitals.

The electron in the first hydrogen atom is at the n=1 level.

The energy levels are labeled by principal quantum numbers (n) such as 1, 2, 3, etc.

The level n=1 is the ground state of the energy levels.

The hydrogen atom in the energy level n=1 is the ground state electron configuration.

b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The atom that can emit electromagnetic radiation is to be identified.

Concept Introduction: The energies or energy levels that an electron can have are determined by the Schrodinger equation's solution. The atomic orbital, which is derived from the Schrodinger equation for each energy level, expresses the probability that an electron will be found at a particular place around the nucleus.

Answer to Problem 78A

The second atom at n=4 is the atom that can emit electromagnetic radiation.

Explanation of Solution

Each energy sublevel has an associated orbital or orbitals with a variety of forms. In which an electron is most likely to be found is described by its orbitals.

The electron in the first hydrogen atom is at the n=1 level.

The energy levels are labeled by principal quantum numbers (n) such as 1, 2, 3, etc.

While the electron in the second atom is at the n=4 level means a higher level of energy.

A wide range of wavelengths of radiation makes up the electromagnetic spectrum. Electromagnetic radiations come in a wide variety with varying frequencies and/or wavelengths.

Atoms emit electromagnetic radiation when they lose energy to return to the ground state.

So, among the given hydrogen atoms, the second atom which is at n=4 (higher energy level) can only emit electromagnetic radiation.

c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The atom that has the ground state electron configuration is to be identified.

Concept Introduction: The energies or energy levels that an electron can have is determined by the Schrodinger equation's solution. The atomic orbital, which is derived from the Schrodinger equation for each energy level, expresses the probability that an electron will be found at a particular place around the nucleus.

Answer to Problem 78A

The second atom at n=4 is the atom where the electron is in a larger orbital.

Explanation of Solution

Each energy sublevel has an associated orbital or orbitals with a variety of forms. In which an electron is most likely to be found is described by its orbitals.

The electron in the first hydrogen atom is at the n=1 level.

The energy levels are labeled by principal quantum numbers (n) such as 1, 2, 3, etc.

The energy in the second hydrogen atom is at the n=4 level.

The second hydrogen atom has the larger orbital because the first hydrogen atom is in the ground state orbital.

d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The atom that has the ground state electron configuration is to be identified.

Concept Introduction: The energies or energy levels that an electron can have is determined by the Schrodinger equation's solution. The atomic orbital, which is derived from the Schrodinger equation for each energy level, expresses the probability that an electron will be found at a particular place around the nucleus.

Answer to Problem 78A

The first hydrogen atom has lower energy.

Explanation of Solution

Each energy sublevel has an associated orbital or orbitals with a variety of forms. In which an electron is most likely to be found is described by its orbitals.

The electron in the first hydrogen atom is at the n=1 level.

The energy levels are labeled by principal quantum numbers (n) such as 1, 2, 3, etc.

The level n=1 is the ground state of the energy levels.

Since the level is the ground state it has lower energy compared to the n=4 energy level.