Chemistry: The Molecular Science
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781285199047
Author: John W. Moore, Conrad L. Stanitski
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 5, Problem 71QRT
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
The electronic configuration of
Concept Introduction:
Electron configuration: The complete description of the atomic orbitals occupied by all the electrons in an atom or monoatomic ion is known as its electron configuration.
Isoelectronic: Atoms and ions that have same electron configuration are said to be isoelectronic. Metal ions are isoelectronic with the preceding noble-gas atom, while non-metal ions have the electron configuration of next noble gas atom.
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Boron, atomic number 5, occurs naturally as two isotopes, 10B and 11B, with natural abundances of 19.9% and 80.1%, respectively.
(a) In what ways do the two isotopes differ from each other? Does the electronic configuration of 10B differ from that of 11B?
(b) Draw the orbital diagram for an atom of 11B. Which electrons are the valence electrons?
(c) Indicate three ways in which the 1s electrons in boron differ from its 2s electrons.
(d) Elemental boron reacts with fluorine to form BF3, a gas. Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction of solid boron with fluorine gas.
(e) ΔHf° for BF3(g) is -1135.6 kj/mol. Calculate the standard enthalpy change in the reaction of boron with fluorine.
(f) Will the mass percentage of F be the same in 10BF3 and 11BF3? If not, why is that the case?
Arrange in order of increasing atomic size.
(a) the period 3 elements Cl, Na, and Ar
(b) the Group 2A elements Ca, Be, and Mg
(a) Identify the number of electrons in the ground-state outer shell of atomic oxygen (atomic number 8).(b) How many electrons are in the ground-state outer shell of fluorine?
Chapter 5 Solutions
Chemistry: The Molecular Science
Ch. 5.1 - In the upper atmosphere there is solar radiation...Ch. 5.1 - A fellow chemistry student says that low-frequency...Ch. 5.1 - One type of solar radiation in the upper...Ch. 5.2 - Prob. 5.2PSPCh. 5.2 - Prob. 5.3ECh. 5.3 - Prob. 5.4ECh. 5.3 - Prob. 5.3PSPCh. 5.3 - The hydrogen atom contains only one electron, but...Ch. 5.3 - (a) Calculate the frequency and the wavelength of...Ch. 5.3 - Show that the value of the Rydberg constant per...
Ch. 5.4 - Calculate the de Broglie wavelength of a neutron...Ch. 5.5 - Prob. 5.7ECh. 5.5 - Prob. 5.8ECh. 5.5 - Prob. 5.6PSPCh. 5.5 - Prob. 5.9ECh. 5.5 - Prob. 5.10CECh. 5.5 - Prob. 5.11ECh. 5.5 - Prob. 5.12ECh. 5.5 - Prob. 5.13CECh. 5.7 - Use atomic orbital box diagrams to determine which...Ch. 5.7 - Prob. 5.7PSPCh. 5.7 - Prob. 5.15ECh. 5.7 - Prob. 5.8PSPCh. 5.8 - (a) What Period 3 anion with a 2 charge has the...Ch. 5.8 - Prob. 5.10PSPCh. 5.8 - Fluoride ion, F, has no unpaired electrons....Ch. 5.9 - Prob. 5.11PSPCh. 5.10 - Which of these isoelectronic ions, Ba2+, Cs+, or...Ch. 5.11 - Prob. 5.13PSPCh. 5.13 - Consider these ionic compounds: KCl, CaS, CaO,...Ch. 5 - Prob. 1QRTCh. 5 - Prob. 2QRTCh. 5 - Prob. 3QRTCh. 5 - Prob. 4QRTCh. 5 - Prob. 5QRTCh. 5 - Prob. 6QRTCh. 5 - Prob. 7QRTCh. 5 - Prob. 8QRTCh. 5 -
Write the electron configurations for the valence...Ch. 5 - Prob. 10QRTCh. 5 - Prob. 11QRTCh. 5 - Prob. 12QRTCh. 5 - Prob. 13QRTCh. 5 - The colors of the visible spectrum and the...Ch. 5 - Prob. 15QRTCh. 5 - Prob. 16QRTCh. 5 - Prob. 17QRTCh. 5 - Prob. 18QRTCh. 5 - Prob. 19QRTCh. 5 - Light of very long wavelength strikes a...Ch. 5 - Prob. 21QRTCh. 5 - Prob. 22QRTCh. 5 - Prob. 23QRTCh. 5 - A photoemissive material has a threshold energy,...Ch. 5 - Prob. 25QRTCh. 5 - Prob. 26QRTCh. 5 - Prob. 27QRTCh. 5 - Prob. 28QRTCh. 5 - Prob. 29QRTCh. 5 - Prob. 30QRTCh. 5 - Prob. 31QRTCh. 5 - Calculate the energy and wavelength of the photon...Ch. 5 - Calculate the energy and the wavelength of the...Ch. 5 - Spectroscopists have observed He+ in outer space....Ch. 5 - Prob. 35QRTCh. 5 - Prob. 36QRTCh. 5 - Prob. 37QRTCh. 5 - Prob. 38QRTCh. 5 - Prob. 39QRTCh. 5 - Prob. 40QRTCh. 5 - Prob. 41QRTCh. 5 - Give possible values for all four quantum numbers...Ch. 5 - Prob. 43QRTCh. 5 - Assign a correct set of four quantum numbers for...Ch. 5 - Prob. 45QRTCh. 5 - Prob. 46QRTCh. 5 - Assign a correct set of four quantum numbers for...Ch. 5 - Prob. 48QRTCh. 5 - Prob. 49QRTCh. 5 - Prob. 50QRTCh. 5 - Prob. 51QRTCh. 5 - Prob. 52QRTCh. 5 - Prob. 53QRTCh. 5 - Titanium metal and Cr2+ have the same number of...Ch. 5 - Consider a 2+ ion that has six 3d electrons; which...Ch. 5 - Prob. 56QRTCh. 5 - Prob. 57QRTCh. 5 - Prob. 58QRTCh. 5 - Prob. 59QRTCh. 5 - Prob. 60QRTCh. 5 - Prob. 61QRTCh. 5 - Prob. 62QRTCh. 5 - Prob. 63QRTCh. 5 - Prob. 64QRTCh. 5 - Prob. 65QRTCh. 5 - Prob. 66QRTCh. 5 - Prob. 67QRTCh. 5 - Prob. 68QRTCh. 5 - Prob. 69QRTCh. 5 - Prob. 70QRTCh. 5 - Prob. 71QRTCh. 5 - Prob. 72QRTCh. 5 - Prob. 73QRTCh. 5 - Prob. 74QRTCh. 5 - Prob. 75QRTCh. 5 - Prob. 76QRTCh. 5 - Prob. 77QRTCh. 5 - Prob. 78QRTCh. 5 - Use electron configurations to explain why (a)...Ch. 5 - Prob. 80QRTCh. 5 - Arrange these elements in order of increasing...Ch. 5 - Prob. 82QRTCh. 5 - Arrange these elements in order of increasing...Ch. 5 - Prob. 84QRTCh. 5 - Prob. 85QRTCh. 5 - Prob. 86QRTCh. 5 - Prob. 87QRTCh. 5 - Prob. 88QRTCh. 5 - Prob. 89QRTCh. 5 - Compare the elements B, Al, C, Si. (a) Which has...Ch. 5 - Prob. 91QRTCh. 5 - Prob. 92QRTCh. 5 - Prob. 93QRTCh. 5 - Prob. 94QRTCh. 5 - Determine the lattice energy for LiCl(s) given...Ch. 5 - Prob. 96QRTCh. 5 - Prob. 97QRTCh. 5 - Prob. 98QRTCh. 5 - Prob. 99QRTCh. 5 - Prob. 100QRTCh. 5 - Prob. 101QRTCh. 5 - Prob. 102QRTCh. 5 - Prob. 103QRTCh. 5 - Prob. 104QRTCh. 5 - Prob. 105QRTCh. 5 - Prob. 106QRTCh. 5 - Prob. 107QRTCh. 5 - Prob. 108QRTCh. 5 - Prob. 109QRTCh. 5 - Prob. 113QRTCh. 5 - Prob. 114QRTCh. 5 - Prob. 115QRTCh. 5 - Prob. 116QRTCh. 5 - Prob. 117QRTCh. 5 - Prob. 119QRTCh. 5 - Prob. 120QRTCh. 5 - Prob. 121QRTCh. 5 - Prob. 123QRTCh. 5 - Prob. 124QRTCh. 5 - Prob. 125QRTCh. 5 - Prob. 126QRTCh. 5 - Prob. 127QRTCh. 5 - Prob. 128QRTCh. 5 - Prob. 129QRTCh. 5 - Calculate the effective nuclear charge, Z, on...Ch. 5 - Prob. 131QRTCh. 5 - Prob. 133QRTCh. 5 - Prob. 134QRTCh. 5 - Prob. 135QRTCh. 5 - According to a relationship developed by Niels...Ch. 5 - Prob. 137QRTCh. 5 - Prob. 138QRTCh. 5 - Prob. 139QRTCh. 5 - Prob. 140QRTCh. 5 - Prob. 141QRTCh. 5 - Prob. 142QRTCh. 5 - Prob. 143QRTCh. 5 - Prob. 144QRTCh. 5 - Prob. 5.ACPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.CCP
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- Boron, atomic number 5, occurs naturally as two isotopes, 10B and 11B, with natural abundances of 19.9% and 80.1%, respectively.(a) In what ways do the two isotopes differ from each other? Does the electronic configuration of 10B differ from that of 11B? (b) Drawthe orbital diagram for an atom of 11B. Which electrons are the valence electrons? (c) Indicate three ways in which the 1s electrons inboron differ from its 2s electrons. (d) Elemental boron reacts with fluorine to form BF3, a gas. Write a balanced chemical equation forthe reaction of solid boron with fluorine gas. (e) ΔHf° for BF31g2 is -1135.6 kJ>mol. Calculate the standard enthalpy change in thereaction of boron with fluorine. (f) Will the mass percentage of F be the same in 10BF3 and 11BF3? If not, why is that the case?arrow_forwardIdentify each statement as true or false: (a) Cations are largerthan their corresponding neutral atoms. (b) Li+ is smallerthan Li. (c) Cl- is bigger than I-.arrow_forwardArrange in order of increasing nonmetallic character. (Use the appropriate <, =, or > symbol to separate substances in the list.) (a) the Period 4 elements V, Ge, and K (b) the Group 5A elements N, As, and Bi Arrange in order of increasing atomic size. (Use the appropriate <, =, or > symbol to separate substances in the list.) (a) the Period 3 elements Mg, Si, and Ar (b) the Group 2A elements Ca, Ba, and Srarrow_forward
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