Pearson eText Bauman Microbiology with Diseases by Body Systems -- Instant Access (Pearson+)
5th Edition
ISBN: 9780135891018
Author: ROBERT BAUMAN
Publisher: PEARSON+
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Chapter 5, Problem 6SA
Facultative anaerobes can live under either aerobic or anaerobic conditions. What
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If two cultures of a facultative anaerobe were grown under identical conditions except that one was exposed to oxygen and the other was completely deprived of oxygen, what differences would you expect to see between the two cultures? (What metabolic pathway would be occurring in each? Why?)
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What is one difference between fermentation and anaerobic respiration? Since neither requires oxygen, why would a microbe select one of these versus the other? Name a specific microbe which uses fermentation and a specific microbe which uses anaerobic respiration.
Chapter 5 Solutions
Pearson eText Bauman Microbiology with Diseases by Body Systems -- Instant Access (Pearson+)
Ch. 5 - How can oxidation take place in an anaerobic...Ch. 5 - Why do electrons carried by NADH allow for...Ch. 5 - Why does catabolism of amino acids for energy...Ch. 5 - An uninformed student describes the Calvin-Benson...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5TMWCh. 5 - Why is feedback inhibition necessary for...Ch. 5 - Breaks a large molecule into smaller ones a....Ch. 5 - Includes dehydration synthesis reactions a....Ch. 5 - Prob. 3MCCh. 5 - Prob. 4MC
Ch. 5 - Involves the production of cell membrane...Ch. 5 - Includes hydrolytic reactions a. anabolism only b....Ch. 5 - Includes metabolism a. anabolism only b. both...Ch. 5 - Prob. 8MCCh. 5 - A reduced molecule _________. a. has gained...Ch. 5 - Prob. 10MCCh. 5 - Coenzymes are ________. a. types of apoenzymes b....Ch. 5 - Which of the following statements best describes...Ch. 5 - Which of the following does not affect the...Ch. 5 - Most oxidation reactions in bacteria involve the...Ch. 5 - Under ideal conditions, the fermentation of one...Ch. 5 - Under ideal conditions, the complete aerobic...Ch. 5 - Which of the following statements about the...Ch. 5 - Reactions involved in the light-independent...Ch. 5 - The glycolysis pathway is basically __________. a....Ch. 5 - A major difference between anaerobic respiration...Ch. 5 - 1. _______ Occurs when energy from a compound...Ch. 5 - Fill in the Blanks 1. The final electron acceptor...Ch. 5 - Fill in the Blanks 2. Two ATP molecules are used...Ch. 5 - Fill in the Blanks 3. The initial catabolism of...Ch. 5 - Fill in the Blanks 4. ________ is a cyclic series...Ch. 5 - Fill in the Blanks 5. The final electron acceptor...Ch. 5 - Fill in the Blanks 6. Three common inorganic...Ch. 5 - Fill in the Blanks 7. Anaerobic respiration...Ch. 5 - Fill in the Blanks 8. Complete the following...Ch. 5 - Prob. 9FIBCh. 5 - Fill in the Blanks 10 The main coenzymes that...Ch. 5 - VISUALIZE IT! 1 Label the mitochondrion to...Ch. 5 - Label the diagram below to indicate acetyl-CoA,...Ch. 5 - Examine the biosynthetic pathway for the...Ch. 5 - Prob. 1SACh. 5 - Why we enzymes necessary for anabolic reactions to...Ch. 5 - How do organisms control the rate of metabolic...Ch. 5 - How does a nor-competitive inhibitor at a single...Ch. 5 - Explain the mechanism of negative feedback with...Ch. 5 - Facultative anaerobes can live under either...Ch. 5 - How does oxidation of a molecule occur without...Ch. 5 - List at least four groups of microorganisms that...Ch. 5 - Why do we breathe oxygen and give of carbon...Ch. 5 - Why do cyanobacteria and algae take in carbon...Ch. 5 - What happens to the carbon atoms in sugar...Ch. 5 - How do yeast cells make alcohol and cause bread to...Ch. 5 - Where specifically does the most significant...Ch. 5 - Why are vitamins essential metabolic factors for...Ch. 5 - A laboratory scientist notices that a cer1ain...Ch. 5 - Arsenic is a poison that exists in two states in...Ch. 5 - Explain why an excess of all three of the amino...Ch. 5 - Why might an organism that uses glycolysis and the...Ch. 5 - Describe how bacterial fermentation causes milk to...Ch. 5 - Giardia intestinalis and Entamoeba histolytica are...Ch. 5 - Two cultures of a facultative anaerobe are grown...Ch. 5 - What is the maximum number of molecules of ATP...Ch. 5 - In terms of its effects on human metabolism, why...Ch. 5 - Cyanide is a potent poison because it irreversibly...Ch. 5 - How are photophosphorylation and oxidative...Ch. 5 - Members of the pathogenic bacterial genus...Ch. 5 - Compare and contrast aerobic respiration,...Ch. 5 - Scientists estimate that up to one-third of Earths...Ch. 5 - A young student was troubled by the idea that a...Ch. 5 - If a bacterium uses beta-oxidation to catabolize a...Ch. 5 - Some desert rodents rarely have water to drink....Ch. 5 - Prob. 17CTCh. 5 - We have examined the total ATP, NADH, and FADH2...Ch. 5 - Explain why hyperthermophiles do not cause disease...Ch. 5 - In addition to extremes in temperature and pH,...Ch. 5 - Figure 5.18b illustrates events in aerobic...Ch. 5 - Suppose you could insert a tiny pH probe into the...Ch. 5 - Even though Pseudomonas aeruginosa and...Ch. 5 - Photosynthetic organisms are rarely pathogenic....Ch. 5 - Prob. 25CTCh. 5 - A scientist moves a green plant grown in sunlight...Ch. 5 - What class of enzyme is involved in amination...Ch. 5 - Using the following terms, fill in the following...
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- Name two enzymes that are present in obligate aerobes but lacking in obligate anaerobes. What is the function of each enzyme?arrow_forwardImagine you are trying to use an organism to remove organic matter in a wastewater treatment plant (i.e., poop). You would like to maximize the amount of waste consumed while also minimizing the amount of cells produced. Assuming these organisms exist and all other things are equal, what combination of chemoorganotrophic organism and environment would make the most sense to use? An organism that only has the Entner-Duoduroff pathway under anaerobic conditions. This was a trick question – the organism would have to be a chemolithotroph since it is consuming a chemical. An organism that only has the Entner-Duoduroff pathway under aerobic conditions. An organism that only has the Embden Meyer Parnas pathway under anaerobic conditions. An organism that only has the Embden Meyer Parnas pathway under anaerobic conditions.arrow_forwardHigh energy electrons are used to produce ATP by: a) Creating an electrochemical gradient b) Pumping protons into a limited space as stored energy c) An enzyme that couples cation movement to phosphorylation of ADP d) The Chemiosmotic mechanism e) All of the abovearrow_forward
- What is the role of oxygen in aerobic respiration? What type(s) of metabolism can occur in the absence of oxygen? Name two enzymes that are present in obligate aerobes but lacking in obligate anaerobes. What is the function of each enzyme Describe the difference between the appearance of surface and subsurface colonies in a pour plate. If this is the same bacterial species, why do these differences in colonial growth occur?arrow_forwardWhich of the following organic molecules would have the greatest potential for supporting ATP production in a eukaryotic obligate aerobe under transiently anoxic conditions? O glucose O sucrose O glycogen O palmitate O alaninearrow_forwardWhich of these statements is/are TRUE? A) In general, species that can grow at higher temperatures are prokaryotic. B) The most thermophilic prokaryotes are species of Archaea. C) Chemoorganotrophic organisms are able to grow at higher temperatures than phototrophic organisms. D) All of the statements are true.arrow_forward
- Chemolithotrophs meet their energy needs by oxidizing organic food molecules. True False Which of the following events does not occur during the energy-investment phase of glycolysis? Hexokinase catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group from ATP to glucose to form glucose-6-phosphate. Phosphofructokinase catalyzes the isomerization of glucose-6-phosphate to fructose-6-phosphate. Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase cleaves Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate into two different three-carbon sugars. Dihydroxyacetone phosphate can be converted to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate with the help of the enzyme triose phosphate isomerase.arrow_forwardEscherichia coli O157:H7 is a foodborne pathogen and can cause serious illness in humans by producing toxins that can severely damage the lining of intestines and kidneys. What are the oxygen requirements of coli? What result would you observe in the MTM agar deep test? Explain. Research on the growth requirements of this bacterium is required. What is the role of oxygen and cytochrome c oxidase in aerobic respiration? Why does the nitrate reduction tube turn red after the addition of zinc? Clostridium tetani is a common soil bacterium and causes tetanus. Would you expect tetani to possess the enzyme catalase? Explain. Research on the growth requirements of this bacterium is required.arrow_forwardArchae are the source of many enzymes used for biocatalysis in diverse industries such as food and feed, pharmaceuticals, detergent, and beverage industries. These enzymes have unique structural and functional properties that enable use under extreme conditions. Use: https://biolres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40659-018-0186-3 for supplemental info What are three classes of extremophiles and their unique growth characteristics? Based on these characteristics, where are they typically found? The functional properties are linked to protein structural characteristics that imparts unique functional properties. For alkaliphiles and thermophiles, what structural elements (or characteristics) within the enzyme structure create these unique properties? See Table 2. Briefly discuss how the unique properties of these enzymes may be beneficial to the design of bioseparation processes. To recover intracellular enzymes, the Archae need to be lysed. Based on their structures,…arrow_forward
- Write the complete redox reactions for the following microbial metabolisms. Give an example of a type of environment where such bacteria may thrive (will there be plentiful O2? Organics-rich sediment? mineral-bearing rock formations etc?) Oxidation of glucose (C6H12O6) by sulfate (H2SO4) reducers (redox products are CO2 and H2S). Oxidation of ferrous hydroxide (Fe(OH)2) by iron-oxidizing bacteria in oxygen (O2)-rich environment. Redox products are Fe(OH)3 and H2 Please write all redox reactions correctly and explain! Thanks!arrow_forwardMatch the following characteristics to either (a) autotrophsor (b) chemoheterotrophs:Many microorganisms in this group are infectious.Many microorganisms in this group can carry out pho-tosynthesis.Members of this group usually do not cause disease.Members of this group carry out the same metabolicprocesses as humans.Members of this group break down organic compoundsto obtain energy.Members of this group synthesize organic compoundsto store energy.arrow_forwardTwo cultures of a facultative anaerobe are grown in the same medium, but one culture is exposed to air and the other is maintained under anaerobic conditions. Which of the two cultures will contain more cells at the end of a week? Why?arrow_forward
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