Human Anatomy (8th Edition)
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780134243818
Author: Elaine N. Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, Jon B. Mallatt
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 5, Problem 6CRCAQ
Summary Introduction
To review:
The percentage of the total affected surface area of the body in the following conditions: the entire portion of the buttocks and the posterior trunk has burned, the entire portion of the lower limb has burned, and the entire front portion of the upper left limb has burned.
Introduction:
The injuries of the skin or tissues that occur due to heat, electricity, cold, friction, radiation, and chemicals are called burns. The severity or impact of burns depends upon the temperature of the burning substance or its surface. The burns are categorized into three types which are first-degree burns, second-degree burns, and third-degree burns.
Rule of nines is a method for the estimation of the extent of burning. It is normally calculated in percentages. In this rule of nine, the body is divided into distinct sections of 9 percent each or a multiple of 9 percent. The estimation of burn percent by the method of nine helps in transferring the patient to the appropriate burn unit for treatment.
According to the rule of nines, the surface area of the head and the neck is considered 9% of the total body surface area (BSA). Each leg and the entire back are considered 18% (each). The burn in the groin area is 1%. The surface area of the anterior and posterior trunk area is 36%, for anterior and posterior upper limb is 18% while for anterior and posterior lower limb is 36%. The area for the left and right buttock is 9%. The percentage of the total affected surface area of the body in the above-mentioned conditions are mentioned below:
1. The entire portion of buttocks and the posterior trunk has burned: By using the above information, the percentage of the posterior trunk will be 18% while for the right and the left buttocks it will be 4.5% each. So, the total percentage of the entire burnt portion like buttocks and posterior trunks is 27%.
2. The entire portion of the lower limb has burned: By using the above information, the percentage of the entire lower limb, which is burnt will be 18%.
3. The entire front portion of the upper left limb has burned: By using the above information, the percentage of the entire upper left limb which is burnt will be 4.5%. (percentage of the left limb is 9%, so for upper left limb and lower left limb it will be 4.5%).
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19. On the diagram below
a. Label the three pictures as: DNA; polypeptide; or RNA.
b. Label the arrows as: translation or transcription/RNA processing.
c. Add the following details to the diagram.
Promoter region
TATA box
Transcription start site
Transcription terminator
Intron (A,B,C,D)
Exons (1,2,3,4,5)
Splice sites
5' cap
5' UTR (untranslated region)
3' poly A tail
3' UTR (untranslated region)
Translational start (AUG)
Translational stop (UGA, UAG, or UAA)
N and C ends of polypeptide
0000
Match the letter labels in the figure below to the terms. Some letter
labels are not used.
MNNNNNNIN
M
C
B
A
M
D
F
E
H
K
G
8
The diagram below illustrates a quorum sensing pathway from Staphylococcus aureus. Please answer the following questions.
1. Autoinduction is part of the quorum sensing system. Which promoter (P2 or P3) is critical for autoinduction?
2)This staphylococcus aureus grows on human wounds, causing severe infections. You would like to start a clinical trial to treat these wound infections. Please describe:
a) What molecule do you recommend for the trial. Why?
b) Your trial requires that Staphylococcus aureus be isolated from the wound and submitted to genome sequencing before admittance. Why? What are you testing for?
3) If a mutation arises where the Promoter P3 is constitutively active, how would that influence sensitivity to AIP? Please explain your rationale.
4) This pathway is sensitive to bacterial cell density. Describe two separate mutation that would render the pathway active independent of cell density. Briefly explain your rationale.
Mutation 1
Mutation 2
Chapter 5 Solutions
Human Anatomy (8th Edition)
Ch. 5 - What is the meaning of the word roots epi-, sub:...Ch. 5 - Name the �ve major functions of skin.Ch. 5 - Which layers of the epidermis contain living...Ch. 5 - Which functions of skin are performed by cells...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5CYUCh. 5 - Prob. 6CYUCh. 5 - What type of tissue makes up (a) the papillary...Ch. 5 - What types of cells are found in the dermis, and...Ch. 5 - Which pigment causes the large variation in human...Ch. 5 - Prob. 10CYU
Ch. 5 - Prob. 11CYUCh. 5 - Prob. 12CYUCh. 5 - Prob. 13CYUCh. 5 - Prob. 14CYUCh. 5 - Prob. 15CYUCh. 5 - Prob. 16CYUCh. 5 - Prob. 17CYUCh. 5 - Prob. 18CYUCh. 5 - What are the two life-threatening concerns...Ch. 5 - Prob. 20CYUCh. 5 - From which embryonic germ layer do the appendages...Ch. 5 - Prob. 22CYUCh. 5 - Prob. 1RQCh. 5 - Match each epidermal layer in column B to its...Ch. 5 - The ability of the epidermis to resist rubbing and...Ch. 5 - Skin color is determined by (a) melanin, (b)...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5RQCh. 5 - Prob. 6RQCh. 5 - Use logic to deduce the answer to this question....Ch. 5 - Prob. 8RQCh. 5 - Prob. 9RQCh. 5 - Prob. 10RQCh. 5 - Prob. 11RQCh. 5 - The reticular layer of the dermis (a) provides...Ch. 5 - Prob. 13RQCh. 5 - Thick skin differs from thin skin in (a) the...Ch. 5 - From the list of tissues in column B, identify the...Ch. 5 - Prob. 16RQCh. 5 - Explain why thin skin is also called hairy skin,...Ch. 5 - Prob. 18RQCh. 5 - Why does skin that is exposed to sunlight age so...Ch. 5 - Explain why no skin cancers originate from stratum...Ch. 5 - Explain each of these familiar phenomena in terms...Ch. 5 - Prob. 22RQCh. 5 - List �ve functions of the skin.Ch. 5 - After studying the skin in anatomy class, Toby...Ch. 5 - Prob. 25RQCh. 5 - Prob. 1CRCAQCh. 5 - Dean, a 40-year-old beach boy, tells you that his...Ch. 5 - Long-term patients con�ned to hospital beds are...Ch. 5 - Carmen slipped on some ice and split her chin on...Ch. 5 - A man got his �nger caught in a machine at the...Ch. 5 - Prob. 6CRCAQCh. 5 - Why are melanomas the most common type of skin...Ch. 5 - What are the harmful effects of UV radiation, and...
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