Chapter 5, Problem 5.7QP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Lewis dot symbol for the given atoms/ions must be shown

Concept Introduction:

Lewis dot symbol is used to represent the valence electrons of an atom or ion using dots surrounding the element symbol along four sides of the element symbol without maintaining exact order for the placement of dots.

In Lewis dot symbol representation, the symbol of element is surrounded by "dots" indicating the number of valence electrons available for the element.  The dots can be placed one at a time on all the four sides, further electron can be placed by pairing up with the first placed dots.  According to the number of electrons added or removed, charge must be placed on the Lewis dot symbol for cations and anions.

The valence electron is the number of electrons present in the outermost shell of the atom.  The number of valence electrons will be same for the same group elements which is represented by Lewis dot symbol.

Answer to Problem 5.7QP

Lewis dot representation for $\text{Br}$

Explanation of Solution

The electronic configuration of Bromine is $1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^{10} 4p^5$.  Lewis dot symbol denotes the valence electron of an atom.  The valence electron of $\text{Br}$ atom is seven.  These seven electrons can be shown as above.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Lewis dot symbol for the given atoms/ions must be shown

Concept Introduction:

Lewis dot symbol is used to represent the valence electrons of an atom or ion using dots surrounding the element symbol along four sides of the element symbol without maintaining exact order for the placement of dots.

In Lewis dot symbol representation, the symbol of element is surrounded by "dots" indicating the number of valence electrons available for the element.  The dots can be placed one at a time on all the four sides, further electron can be placed by pairing up with the first placed dots.  According to the number of electrons added or removed, charge must be placed on the Lewis dot symbol for cations and anions.

The valence electron is the number of electrons present in the outermost shell of the atom.  The number of valence electrons will be same for the same group elements which is represented by Lewis dot symbol.

Answer to Problem 5.7QP

Lewis dot representation for $\text{N}$

Explanation of Solution

The electronic configuration of Nitrogen is $1s^2 2s^2 2p^3$

Lewis dot symbol denotes the valence electron of an atom.  The valence electron of $\text{N}$ atom is five.  These seven electrons can be shown as above.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Lewis dot symbol for the given atoms/ions must be shown

Concept Introduction:

Lewis dot symbol is used to represent the valence electrons of an atom or ion using dots surrounding the element symbol along four sides of the element symbol without maintaining exact order for the placement of dots.

In Lewis dot symbol representation, the symbol of element is surrounded by "dots" indicating the number of valence electrons available for the element.  The dots can be placed one at a time on all the four sides, further electron can be placed by pairing up with the first placed dots.  According to the number of electrons added or removed, charge must be placed on the Lewis dot symbol for cations and anions.

The valence electron is the number of electrons present in the outermost shell of the atom.  The number of valence electrons will be same for the same group elements which is represented by Lewis dot symbol.

Answer to Problem 5.7QP

Lewis dot representation for $\text{I}$

Explanation of Solution

The electronic configuration of Iodine is $1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^{10} 4p^6 5s^2 4d^{10}5p^5$.  Lewis dot symbol denotes the valence electron of an atom.  The valence electron of $\text{I}$ atom is seven.  These seven electrons can be shown as above.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Lewis dot symbol for the given atoms/ions must be shown

Concept Introduction:

Lewis dot symbol is used to represent the valence electrons of an atom or ion using dots surrounding the element symbol along four sides of the element symbol without maintaining exact order for the placement of dots.

In Lewis dot symbol representation, the symbol of element is surrounded by "dots" indicating the number of valence electrons available for the element.  The dots can be placed one at a time on all the four sides, further electron can be placed by pairing up with the first placed dots.  According to the number of electrons added or removed, charge must be placed on the Lewis dot symbol for cations and anions.

The valence electron is the number of electrons present in the outermost shell of the atom.  The number of valence electrons will be same for the same group elements which is represented by Lewis dot symbol.

Answer to Problem 5.7QP

Lewis dot representation for $\text{As}$

Explanation of Solution

The electronic configuration of Arsenic is $1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^{10} 4p^3$.  Lewis dot symbol denotes the valence electron of an atom.  The valence electron of $\text{As}$ atom is five.  These five electrons can be shown as above.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Lewis dot symbol for the given atoms/ions must be shown

Concept Introduction:

Lewis dot symbol is used to represent the valence electrons of an atom or ion using dots surrounding the element symbol along four sides of the element symbol without maintaining exact order for the placement of dots.

In Lewis dot symbol representation, the symbol of element is surrounded by "dots" indicating the number of valence electrons available for the element.  The dots can be placed one at a time on all the four sides, further electron can be placed by pairing up with the first placed dots.  According to the number of electrons added or removed, charge must be placed on the Lewis dot symbol for cations and anions.

The valence electron is the number of electrons present in the outermost shell of the atom.  The number of valence electrons will be same for the same group elements which is represented by Lewis dot symbol.

Answer to Problem 5.7QP

Lewis dot representation for $\text{F}$

Explanation of Solution

The electronic configuration of Fluorine is $1s^2 2s^2 2p^5$.  Lewis dot symbol denotes the valence electron of an atom.  The valence electron of $\text{F}$ atom is seven.  These seven electrons can be shown as above.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Lewis dot symbol for the given atoms/ions must be shown

Concept Introduction:

Lewis dot symbol is used to represent the valence electrons of an atom or ion using dots surrounding the element symbol along four sides of the element symbol without maintaining exact order for the placement of dots.

In Lewis dot symbol representation, the symbol of element is surrounded by "dots" indicating the number of valence electrons available for the element.  The dots can be placed one at a time on all the four sides, further electron can be placed by pairing up with the first placed dots.  According to the number of electrons added or removed, charge must be placed on the Lewis dot symbol for cations and anions.

The valence electron is the number of electrons present in the outermost shell of the atom.  The number of valence electrons will be same for the same group elements which is represented by Lewis dot symbol.

Answer to Problem 5.7QP

Lewis dot representation for ${\text{P}}^{\text{3-}}$

Explanation of Solution

The electronic configuration of Phosphorus is $1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^3$.  The valence electron of Li atom is five. Addition of three electrons to $\text{P}$  atom gives ${\text{P}}^{\text{3-}}$ ion (anion).  Its Lewis dot symbol can be shown as above with eight electrons.

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Lewis dot symbol for the given atoms/ions must be shown

Concept Introduction:

Lewis dot symbol is used to represent the valence electrons of an atom or ion using dots surrounding the element symbol along four sides of the element symbol without maintaining exact order for the placement of dots.

In Lewis dot symbol representation, the symbol of element is surrounded by "dots" indicating the number of valence electrons available for the element.  The dots can be placed one at a time on all the four sides, further electron can be placed by pairing up with the first placed dots.  According to the number of electrons added or removed, charge must be placed on the Lewis dot symbol for cations and anions.

The valence electron is the number of electrons present in the outermost shell of the atom.  The number of valence electrons will be same for the same group elements which is represented by Lewis dot symbol.

Answer to Problem 5.7QP

Lewis dot representation for ${\text{Na}}^{\text{+}}$

Explanation of Solution

The electronic configuration of Sodium is $1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^1$.  The valence electron of $\text{Na}$ atom is one. Removal of one electron to $\text{Na}$ atom gives ${\text{Na}}^{\text{+}}$ ion (cation).  Its Lewis dot symbol can be shown as above.

(h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Lewis dot symbol for the given atoms/ions must be shown

Concept Introduction:

Lewis dot symbol is used to represent the valence electrons of an atom or ion using dots surrounding the element symbol along four sides of the element symbol without maintaining exact order for the placement of dots.

In Lewis dot symbol representation, the symbol of element is surrounded by "dots" indicating the number of valence electrons available for the element.  The dots can be placed one at a time on all the four sides, further electron can be placed by pairing up with the first placed dots.  According to the number of electrons added or removed, charge must be placed on the Lewis dot symbol for cations and anions.

The valence electron is the number of electrons present in the outermost shell of the atom.  The number of valence electrons will be same for the same group elements which is represented by Lewis dot symbol.

Answer to Problem 5.7QP

Lewis dot representation for ${\text{Mg}}^{\text{2+}}$

Explanation of Solution

The electronic configuration of Magnesium is $1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2$.  The valence electron of $\text{Mg}$ atom is two.  Removal of two electron from $\text{Mg}$ atom gives ${\text{Mg}}^{\text{2+}}$ ion (cation).  Its Lewis dot symbol can be shown as above.

(i)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Lewis dot symbol for the given atoms/ions must be shown

Concept Introduction:

Lewis dot symbol is used to represent the valence electrons of an atom or ion using dots surrounding the element symbol along four sides of the element symbol without maintaining exact order for the placement of dots.

In Lewis dot symbol representation, the symbol of element is surrounded by "dots" indicating the number of valence electrons available for the element.  The dots can be placed one at a time on all the four sides, further electron can be placed by pairing up with the first placed dots.  According to the number of electrons added or removed, charge must be placed on the Lewis dot symbol for cations and anions.

The valence electron is the number of electrons present in the outermost shell of the atom.  The number of valence electrons will be same for the same group elements which is represented by Lewis dot symbol.

Answer to Problem 5.7QP

Lewis dot representation for ${\text{As}}^{\text{3+}}$

Explanation of Solution

The electronic configuration of Arsenic is $1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^{10} 4p^3$.  The valence electron of $\text{As}$ atom is five.  Removal of two electron from $\text{As}$ atom gives ${\text{As}}^{\text{3+}}$ ion (cation).  Its Lewis dot symbol can be shown as above.

(j)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Lewis dot symbol for the given atoms/ions must be shown

Concept Introduction:

Lewis dot symbol is used to represent the valence electrons of an atom or ion using dots surrounding the element symbol along four sides of the element symbol without maintaining exact order for the placement of dots.

In Lewis dot symbol representation, the symbol of element is surrounded by "dots" indicating the number of valence electrons available for the element.  The dots can be placed one at a time on all the four sides, further electron can be placed by pairing up with the first placed dots.  According to the number of electrons added or removed, charge must be placed on the Lewis dot symbol for cations and anions.

The valence electron is the number of electrons present in the outermost shell of the atom.  The number of valence electrons will be same for the same group elements which is represented by Lewis dot symbol.

Answer to Problem 5.7QP

Lewis dot representation for ${\text{Pb}}^{\text{2+}}$

Explanation of Solution

The electronic configuration of Lead is $1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^{10} 4p^6 5s^2 4d^{10}5p^6 6s^2 4f^{14} 5d^{10} 6p^2$.  The valence electron of $\text{Pb}$ atom is four. Removal of two electrons to $\text{Pb}$ atom gives ${\text{Pb}}^{\text{2+}}$ ion (cation).  Its Lewis dot symbol can be shown as above.